ALECRIM

Evaluation of the efficiency of allspice, thyme and rosemary essential oils on two foodborne pathogens in in-vitro and on alfalfa seeds, and their effect on sensory characteristics of the sprouts.

Autores: Ana Cecilia Lorenzo-Leal, Enrique Palou, Aurelio López-Malo | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Seeds are usual source of contamination and their sprouts are commonly associated foodborne illness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial vapor phase efficiency of allspice, thyme and rosemary essential oils on two foodborne pathogens in in vitro and on alfalfa seeds, including the chemical profile of the tested EOs and their effect on the sensory characteristics of the sprouts. Antibacterial activity was determined through the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EOs in vapor phase to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium in culture media and on alfalfa seeds. Also, the germination and the effect on sensory characteristics of the sprouts were determined. Thyme EO was the most effective of the tested EOs on culture media and on alfalfa seeds, against both bacteria. When rosemary EO was tested against L. monocytogenes in alfalfa seeds, the MIC (4.0 mL/Lair) was higher, compared to the one obtained in culture media (2.7 mL/Lair). But when this EO was tested against S. Typhimurium, the MIC in alfalfa seeds was lower than in culture media (11.7 vs 13.3 mL/Lair). Allspice EO resulted more effective against both bacteria in alfalfa seeds (6.0 mL/Lair for L. monocytogenes and 6.7 mL/Lair for S. Typhimurium), compared to culture media (12.0 mL/Lair for L. monocytogenes and 13.3 mL/Lair for S. Typhimurium). Vapor phase EOs MICs resulted in significant (p ≤ 0.05) decreases of L. monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium counts compared to the control. There also was a significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference between systems (in vitro or on alfalfa seeds) despite the microorganism or the evaluated EO. Treatment alfalfa seed with vapor phase EOs, did not affect the seed germination. Sensory acceptability of the sprouts, obtained of treated seeds, did not were significant (p ≥ 0.05) different of the sprouts obtained from the non-treated seeds.

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Biobased polymer resources and essential oils: a green combination for antibacterial applications.

Autores: Christine Elian, Samir Abbad Andaloussi, Régis Moilleron, Jean-Winoc Decousser, Cyrille Boyer, Davy-Louis Versace | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: To fight nosocomial infections, the excessive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, which are now considered a relevant public health threat by the World Health Organization. To date, most antibacterial systems are based on the use of petro-sourced polymers, but the global supplies of these resources are depleting. Besides, silver NPs are widely accepted as the most active biocide against a wide range of bacterial strains but their toxicity is an issue. The growing interest in natural products has gained increasing interest in the last decade. Therefore, the design of functional antibacterial materials derived from biomass remains a significant challenge for the scientific community. Consequently, attention has shifted to naturally occurring substances such as essential oils (EOs), which are classified as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS). EOs can offer an alternative to the common antimicrobial agents as an inner solution or biocide agent to inhibit the resistance mechanism. Herein, this review not only aims at providing developments in the antibacterial modes of action of EOs against various bacterial strains and the recent advances in genomic and proteomic techniques for the elucidation of these mechanisms but also presents examples of biobased polymer resource-based EO materials and their antibacterial activities. Especially, we describe the antibacterial properties of biobased polymers, e.g. cellulose, starch, chitosan, PLA PHAs and proteins, associated with EOs (cinnamon (CEO), clove (CLEO), bergamot (BEO), ginger (GEO), lemongrass (LEO), caraway (CAEO), rosemary (REO), Eucalyptus globulus (EGEO), tea tree (TTEO), orange peel (OPEO) and apricot (Prunus armeniaca) kernel (AKEO) essential oils). Finally, we discuss the influence of EOs on the mechanical strength of bio-based materials.

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Antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of various plants against tomato late blight disease agent Phytophthora infestans.

Autores: E Mine Soylu, Soner Soylu, Sener Kurt | Ano: 2006 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The aim of this study was to find an alternative to synthetic fungicides currently used in the control of devastating oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, causal agent of late blight disease of tomato. Antifungal activities of essential oils obtained from aerial parts of aromatic plants such as oregano (Origanum syriacum var. bevanii), thyme (Thymbra spicata subsp. spicata), lavender (Lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), and laurel (Laurus nobilis), were investigated against P. infestans. Both contact and volatile phase effects of different concentrations of the essential oils used were determined by using two in vitro methods. Chemical compositions of the essential oils were also determined by GC-MS analysis. Major compounds found in essential oils of thyme, oregano, rosemary, lavender, fennel and laurel were carvacrol (37.9%), carvacrol (79.8), borneol (20.4%), camphor (20.2%), anethole (82.8%) and 1,8-cineole (35.5%), respectively. All essential oils were found to inhibit the growth of P. infestans in a dose-dependent manner. Volatile phase effect of oregano and thyme oils at 0.3 microg/ml air was found to completely inhibit the growth of P. infestans. Complete growth inhibition of pathogen by essential oil of fennel, rosemary, lavender and laurel was, however, observed at 0.4-2.0 microg/ml air concentrations. For the determination of the contact phase effects of the tested essential oils, oregano, thyme and fennel oils at 6.4 microg/ml were found to inhibit the growth of P. infestans completely. Essential oils of rosemary, lavender and laurel were inhibitory at relatively higher concentrations (12.8, 25.6, 51.2 microg/ml respectively). Volatile phase effects of essential oils were consistently found to be more effective on fungal growth than contact phase effect. Sporangial production was also inhibited by the essential oil tested. Light and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation on pathogen hyphae, exposed to both volatile and contact phase of oil, revealed considerable morphological alterations in hyphae such as cytoplasmic coagulation, vacuolations, hyphal shrivelling and protoplast leakage.

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An Overview of the Potential Therapeutic Applications of Essential Oils.

Autores: Mariam Nasser Aljaafari, Asma Obaid AlAli, Laila Baqais, Maream Alqubaisy, Mudhi AlAli, Aidin Molouki, Janna Ong-Abdullah, Aisha Abushelaibi, Kok-Song Lai, Swee-Hua Erin Lim | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has urged researchers to explore therapeutic alternatives, one of which includes the use of natural plant products such as essential oils (EO). In fact, EO obtained from clove, oregano, thymus, cinnamon bark, rosemary, eucalyptus, and lavender have been shown to present significant inhibitory effects on bacteria, fungi, and viruses; many studies have been done to measure EO efficacy against microorganisms. The strategy of combinatory effects via conventional and non-conventional methods revealed that the combined effects of EO-EO or EO-antibiotic exhibit enhanced efficacy. This paper aims to review the antimicrobial effects of EO, modes of EO action (membrane disruption, efflux inhibition, increase membrane permeability, and decrease in intracellular ATP), and their compounds' potential as effective agents against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It is hoped that the integration of EO applications in this work can be used to consider EO for future clinical applications.

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Screening of the essential oil effects on human H1N1 influenza virus infection: an in vitro study in MDCK cells.

Autores: Basma Najar, Valeria Nardi, Maria Alfreda Stincarelli, Samuele Patrissi, Luisa Pistelli, Simone Giannecchini | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Nineteen essential oils (EOs) obtained from different plants have been evaluated for their potential in vitro anti-H1N1 influenza virus efficacy. Both multivariate analyses and bivariate correlation were performed to better understand how the composition influences the activity. The results evidenced that for the laboratory distilled EOs both rosemary hybrids (S. x lavandulaceus and S. x mendizabalii) showed a good antiviral activity with low cytotoxic effect. Concerning the commercial ones: Eucalyptus globulus and Juniperus communis EOs exhibited virtuous effects on influenza virus. These results were confirmed by the multivariate analyses and only eucalyptol showed a positive correlation with cell viability. On the contrary, o-cymene and terpinolene correlated to the inhibitory effect. Rosemary hybrids, E. globulus and J. communis could be considered as promising candidate to develop new alternative anti-H1N1 natural agent.

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Antiviral Activity of Essential Oils Against Hepatitis A Virus in Soft Fruits.

Autores: Roberta Battistini, Irene Rossini, Carlo Ercolini, Maria Goria, Maria Rita Callipo, Cristiana Maurella, Enrico Pavoni, Laura Serracca | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Berries have repeatedly been associated with outbreaks of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. The fruits are usually minimally processed in the food industry due to their delicate nature. While washing treatments partially remove enteric viruses, the commonly used chemical additives produce toxic by-products. A valid alternative to preserve the food safety of these products could be the use of essential oils (EOs). EOs exert antimicrobial activity and do not interfere with the nutritional characteristics of food products. We investigated the efficacy of four essential oils, lemon (Citrus limon), sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), and rosemary cineole (Rosmarinus officinalis chemotype 1.8 cineole) in reducing viral loads of HAV in soft fruits. Mixed fruit berries were inoculated with 106.74 TCID50/ml of HAV, and treated with four different EOs (0.5% lemon, 0.1% sweet orange and grapefruit, and 0.05% rosemary) for 1 h at room temperature. Virus infectivity was then assessed by titration assays for its ability to grow on cell cultures. A statistically significant reduction in HAV titer on the fruit surface was observed after treating the berries with EOs of lemon (2.84 log TCID50/ml), grapefruit (2.89 log TCID50/ml), and rosemary cineole (2.94 log TCID50/ml). Rosemary cineole was the most effective EO in reducing viral titer on berries, followed by grapefruit EO. These results improve our knowledge about the antiviral activity of these EOs and highlight their potential use in fresh produce sanitation.

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Effects of Olfactory Stimulation with Aroma Oils on Psychophysiological Responses of Female Adults.

Autores: Na-Yoon Choi, Yu-Tong Wu, Sin-Ae Park | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study investigated the effects of olfactory stimulation with aroma oils on the psychophysiological responses in women. Ten aromatic oils (lavender, rosemary, rose, eucalyptus, jasmine, geranium, chamomile, clary sage, thyme, and peppermint) were used on 23 women aged between 20 and 60 years. They inhaled the scent for 90 s through a glass funnel attached to their lab apron, 10 cm below their nose, while the pump was activated. Electroencephalography, blood pressure, and pulse rate were measured before and during inhalation of the aroma oils. The relative alpha (RA) power spectrums indicating relaxation and resting state of the brain significantly increased when lavender, rosemary, eucalyptus, jasmine, chamomile, clary sage, and thyme oils were inhaled compared to those of before olfactory stimulation. The ratio of alpha to high beta (RAHB), an indicator of brain stability and relaxation, significantly increased when rosemary, jasmine, clary sage, and peppermint oils were inhaled. The relative low beta (RLB) power spectrum, an indicator of brain activity in the absence of stress, significantly increased when stimulated with lavender, rosemary, rose, and geranium scents. Further, systolic blood pressure significantly decreased after introduction of all 10 types of aromatic oils, which indicates stress reduction. Thus, olfactory stimulation with aroma oil had a stabilizing effect on the prefrontal cortex and brain activity and decreased systolic blood pressure.

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Evaluation of the efficiency of allspice, thyme and rosemary essential oils on two foodborne pathogens in in-vitro and on alfalfa seeds, and their effect on sensory characteristics of the sprouts.

Autores: Ana Cecilia Lorenzo-Leal, Enrique Palou, Aurelio López-Malo | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Seeds are usual source of contamination and their sprouts are commonly associated foodborne illness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial vapor phase efficiency of allspice, thyme and rosemary essential oils on two foodborne pathogens in in vitro and on alfalfa seeds, including the chemical profile of the tested EOs and their effect on the sensory characteristics of the sprouts. Antibacterial activity was determined through the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EOs in vapor phase to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium in culture media and on alfalfa seeds. Also, the germination and the effect on sensory characteristics of the sprouts were determined. Thyme EO was the most effective of the tested EOs on culture media and on alfalfa seeds, against both bacteria. When rosemary EO was tested against L. monocytogenes in alfalfa seeds, the MIC (4.0 mL/Lair) was higher, compared to the one obtained in culture media (2.7 mL/Lair). But when this EO was tested against S. Typhimurium, the MIC in alfalfa seeds was lower than in culture media (11.7 vs 13.3 mL/Lair). Allspice EO resulted more effective against both bacteria in alfalfa seeds (6.0 mL/Lair for L. monocytogenes and 6.7 mL/Lair for S. Typhimurium), compared to culture media (12.0 mL/Lair for L. monocytogenes and 13.3 mL/Lair for S. Typhimurium). Vapor phase EOs MICs resulted in significant (p ≤ 0.05) decreases of L. monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium counts compared to the control. There also was a significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference between systems (in vitro or on alfalfa seeds) despite the microorganism or the evaluated EO. Treatment alfalfa seed with vapor phase EOs, did not affect the seed germination. Sensory acceptability of the sprouts, obtained of treated seeds, did not were significant (p ≥ 0.05) different of the sprouts obtained from the non-treated seeds.

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Conclusão: N/A

Biodegradable gelatin-chitosan films incorporated with essential oils as antimicrobial agents for fish preservation.

Autores: J Gómez-Estaca, A López de Lacey, M E López-Caballero, M C Gómez-Guillén, P Montero | Ano: 2010 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller), cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), herb-of-the-cross (Verbena officinalis L.), pine (Pinus sylvestris) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) were tested for their antimicrobial activity on 18 genera of bacteria, which included some important food pathogen and spoilage bacteria. Clove essential oil showed the highest inhibitory effect, followed by rosemary and lavender. In an attempt to evaluate the usefulness of these essential oils as food preservatives, they were also tested on an extract made of fish, where clove and thyme essential oils were the most effective. Then, gelatin-chitosan-based edible films incorporated with clove essential oil were elaborated and their antimicrobial activity tested against six selected microorganisms: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Shewanella putrefaciens, Photobacterium phosphoreum, Listeria innocua, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The clove-containing films inhibited all these microorganisms irrespectively of the film matrix or type of microorganism. In a further experiment, when the complex gelatin-chitosan film incorporating clove essential oil was applied to fish during chilled storage, the growth of microorganisms was drastically reduced in gram-negative bacteria, especially enterobacteria, while lactic acid bacteria remained practically constant for much of the storage period. The effect on the microorganisms during this period was in accordance with biochemical indexes of quality, indicating the viability of these films for fish preservation.

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Conclusão: N/A

Biodegradable gelatin-chitosan films incorporated with essential oils as antimicrobial agents for fish preservation.

Autores: J Gómez-Estaca, A López de Lacey, M E López-Caballero, M C Gómez-Guillén, P Montero | Ano: 2010 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller), cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), herb-of-the-cross (Verbena officinalis L.), pine (Pinus sylvestris) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) were tested for their antimicrobial activity on 18 genera of bacteria, which included some important food pathogen and spoilage bacteria. Clove essential oil showed the highest inhibitory effect, followed by rosemary and lavender. In an attempt to evaluate the usefulness of these essential oils as food preservatives, they were also tested on an extract made of fish, where clove and thyme essential oils were the most effective. Then, gelatin-chitosan-based edible films incorporated with clove essential oil were elaborated and their antimicrobial activity tested against six selected microorganisms: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Shewanella putrefaciens, Photobacterium phosphoreum, Listeria innocua, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The clove-containing films inhibited all these microorganisms irrespectively of the film matrix or type of microorganism. In a further experiment, when the complex gelatin-chitosan film incorporating clove essential oil was applied to fish during chilled storage, the growth of microorganisms was drastically reduced in gram-negative bacteria, especially enterobacteria, while lactic acid bacteria remained practically constant for much of the storage period. The effect on the microorganisms during this period was in accordance with biochemical indexes of quality, indicating the viability of these films for fish preservation.

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Identification of essential oils with activity against stationary phase Staphylococcus aureus.

Autores: Shuzhen Xiao, Peng Cui, Wanliang Shi, Ying Zhang | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Staphylococcus aureus is the most dominant human pathogen, responsible for a variety of chronic and severe infections. There is mounting evidence that persisters are associated with treatment failure and relapse of persistent infections. While some essential oils were reported to have antimicrobial activity against growing S. aureus, activity of essential oils against the stationary phase S. aureus enriched in persisters has not been investigated.

Resultados: We identified 39 essential oils (Oregano, Cinnamon bark, Thyme white, Bandit "Thieves", Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus), Sandalwood oil, Health shield, Allspice, Amyris, Palmarosa, Cinnamon leaf, Clove bud, Citronella, Geranium bourbon, Marjoram, Peppermint, Lemongrass, Cornmint, Elemi, Ho wood, Head ease, Lemon eucalyptus, Litsea cubeba, Myrrh, Parsley seed, Coriander oil, Dillweed, Hyssop, Neroli, Rosewood oil, Tea tree, Cajeput, Clove bud, Lavender, Sleep tight, Vetiver, Palo santo, Sage oil, Yarrow) at 0.5% (v/v) concentration, 10 essential oils (Cinnamon bark, Oregano, Thyme white, Bandit "Thieves", Lemongrass, Sandalwood oil, Health shield, Allspice, Amyris, Palmarosa at 0.25% (v/v) concentration, and 7 essential oils (Oregano, Cinnamon bark, Thyme white, Lemongrass, Allspice, Amyris, Palmarosa at 0.125% (v/v) concentration to have high activity against stationary phase S. aureus with no visible growth on agar plates after five-day exposure. Among the 10 essential oils which showed high activity at 0.25% (v/v) concentration, 9 (Oregano, Cinnamon bark, Thyme white, Bandit "Thieves", Lemongrass, Health shield, Allspice, Palmarosa, Amyris showed higher activity than the known persister drug tosufloxacin, while Sandalwood oil had activity at a higher concentration. In Oregano essential oil combination studies with antibiotics, Oregano plus tosufloxacin (or levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin) and rifampin completely eradicated stationary phase S. aureus cells, but had no apparent enhancement for linezolid, vancomycin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azithromycin or gentamicin.

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Antimicrobial activities of six essential oils commonly used as condiments in Brazil against Clostridium perfringens

Autores: Radaelli, Marcela; Silva, Bárbara Parraga da; Weidlich, Luciana; Hoehne, Lucélia; Flach, Adriana; Costa, Luiz Antonio Mendonça Alves da; Ethur, Eduardo Miranda | Ano: 2016 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Abstract Despite recent advances in food production technology, food-borne diseases (FBD) remain a challenging public health concern. In several countries, including Brazil, Clostridium perfringens is among the five main causative agents of food-borne diseases. The present study determines antimicrobial activities of essential oils of six condiments commonly used in Brazil, viz., Ocimum basilicum L. (basil), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary), Origanum majorana L. (marjoram), Mentha × piperita L. var. Piperita (peppermint), Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme) and Pimpinella anisum L. (anise) against C. perfringens strain A. Chemical compositions of the oils were determined by GC–MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry). The identities of the isolated compounds were established from the respective Kováts indices, and a comparison of mass spectral data was made with those reported earlier. The antibacterial activity was assessed from minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using the microdilution method. Minimum inhibitory concentration values were 1.25 mg mL-1 for thyme, 5.0 mg mL-1 for basil and marjoram, and 10 mg mL-1 for rosemary, peppermint and anise. All oils showed bactericidal activity at their minimum inhibitory concentration, except anise oil, which was only bacteriostatic. The use of essential oils from these common spices might serve as an alternative to the use of chemical preservatives in the control and inactivation of pathogens in commercially produced food systems.

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Atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais no controle de alguns fitopatógenos fúngicos in vitro e no tratamento de sementes/ Antimicrobial activity of essential oils on the in vitro control of some fungal phytopathogens and on seed treatment

Autores: Hillen, T; Schwan-Estrada, K. R. F; Mesquini, R. M; Cruz, M. E. S; Stangarlin, J. R; Nozaki, M | Ano: 2012 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Este trabalho verificou o efeito dos óleos essenciais (OE) extraídos de Eremanthus erythropappus (candeia), Cymbopogon martinii (palmarosa) e de Rosmarinus officinalis (alecrim) no crescimento micelial de alguns fitopatógenos fúngicos e no tratamento de sementes de milho, soja e feijão. No teste in vitro, alíquotas de 20, 40, 60, 100, 200, 500 e 1000 μL de cada um dos óleos essenciais foram distribuídas na superfície do meio de cultura. Posteriormente, discos de meio de cultura com micélio de Alternaria carthami, Alternaria sp. e Rhizoctonia solani foram transferidos para o centro de cada placa. O crescimento foi mensurado e calculada a taxa de inibição do crescimento micelial (ICM). Para verificar o efeito dos OE na germinação das sementes utilizou-se a aplicação deles por fumigação. Foi avaliada a percentagem de sementes germinadas e a incidência de patógenos nas sementes. Sobre o crescimento micelial, o óleo de palmarosa inibiu completamente todos os patógenos fúngicos, independentemente da concentração. Já os óleos de candeia e alecrim foram melhores quando foram adicionadas alíquotas superiores a 200 μL. Os óleos influenciaram diferentemente a germinação e a sanidade das sementes de milho, soja e feijão.

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Biodegradable gelatin-chitosan films incorporated with essential oils as antimicrobial agents for fish preservation.

Autores: J Gómez-Estaca, A López de Lacey, M E López-Caballero, M C Gómez-Guillén, P Montero | Ano: 2010 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller), cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), herb-of-the-cross (Verbena officinalis L.), pine (Pinus sylvestris) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) were tested for their antimicrobial activity on 18 genera of bacteria, which included some important food pathogen and spoilage bacteria. Clove essential oil showed the highest inhibitory effect, followed by rosemary and lavender. In an attempt to evaluate the usefulness of these essential oils as food preservatives, they were also tested on an extract made of fish, where clove and thyme essential oils were the most effective. Then, gelatin-chitosan-based edible films incorporated with clove essential oil were elaborated and their antimicrobial activity tested against six selected microorganisms: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Shewanella putrefaciens, Photobacterium phosphoreum, Listeria innocua, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The clove-containing films inhibited all these microorganisms irrespectively of the film matrix or type of microorganism. In a further experiment, when the complex gelatin-chitosan film incorporating clove essential oil was applied to fish during chilled storage, the growth of microorganisms was drastically reduced in gram-negative bacteria, especially enterobacteria, while lactic acid bacteria remained practically constant for much of the storage period. The effect on the microorganisms during this period was in accordance with biochemical indexes of quality, indicating the viability of these films for fish preservation.

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In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Essential Oils Against Endometritis-Causing Microorganisms in Mares.

Autores: Fernando P Lisboa, Wendel P Silvestre, Jéssica O Castro, Gabriel V Martins, Lorenzo G T M Segabinazzi, Gabriel F Pauletti, José A Dell'Aqua | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EO) from Ocimum basilicum (basil), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), and Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) on endometritis-causing microorganisms in mares. Serial concentrations of the EO from 30.00 mg/mL to 0.47 mg/mL were tested. The major compounds of O. basilicum EO were linalyl acetate (33.32 wt.%) and citronellal (25.06 wt.%); of R. officinalis EO were borneol (26.48 wt.%), trans-β-ocimene (16.76 wt.%), camphene (12.45 wt.%), and α-phellandrene (11.08 wt.%); and of C. citratus EO were geranial (45.96 wt.%) and neral (32.62 wt.%). Regarding antimicrobial activity, C. citratus EO has had the highest inhibition percentage (73.9%), followed by O. basilicum (67.2%) and R. officinalis (58.7%). P. aeruginosa was the only pathogen unable to establish the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values for the studied EO. The EOs were effective against all other microorganisms (S. equi, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and C. Albicans). In conclusion, the EOs of O. basilicum, R. officinalis, and C. citratus have presented in vitro antimicrobial activity against microorganisms causing endometritis in mares.

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Preparaçäo e avaliaçäo clínica de um anti-séptico bucal à base do óleo essencial da planta medicinal Lippia sidoides Cham (Alecrim pimenta)/ Preparation and clinical evaluation of an antiseptic mouthrinse using Lippia sidoides Cham (Alecrim pimenta) essencial oil

Autores: Fernandes Filho, Eudes Sobreira; Morais, Selene Maia de; Fonseca, Said Gonçalves da Cruz; Mota, Olivia Morais de Lima | Ano: 1998 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: A atividade contra os microorganismos da placa bacteriana de vários óleos essenciais de plantas nordestinas foi avaliada e os ensaios foram procedidos contra as bactérias do gênero Streptococus, isoladas da microbiota oral (MORAIS, 1996). O óleo essencial de Lippia sidoides Cham., planta popularmente conhecida como Alecrim pimenta, por ser o mais ativo naquele trabalho, foi escolhido para a preparaçäo do anti-séptico bucal no presente estudo. O óleo essencial das folhas de Lippia sidoides Cham foi obtido por destilaçäo com arraste de vapor d'água e a análise (CG/EM) revelou 66 por cento de timol em sua composiçäo. Este composto é conhecido como forte agente bactericida. Os ensaios clínicos foram realizados no Hospital Geral de Fortaleza - Ministério do Exército. Preparou-se também um placebo de fórmula semelhante a do anti-séptico, excluindo o óleo essencial da Lippia sidoides. Foram credenciados 20 soldados com faixa etária média de 18 - 20 anos para serem submetidos aos testes de avaliaçäo diária, durante sete dias, do índice de placa bacteriana e do índice de sangramento marginal. O anti-séptico bucal à base de Lppia sidoides inibe (12 por cento) e reduz (6 por cento) a placa bacteriana

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Atividade antisséptica do óleo essencial de Lippia origanoides Cham. (Alecrim-pimenta) na presença de leite bovino/ Antiseptic activity of the essential oil of Lippia origanoides in the presence of bovine milk

Autores: Almeida, Anna Christina de; Morão, Rodrigo Pereira; Martins, Ernane Ronie; Fonseca, Francine Souza Alves da; Souza, Cintya Neves de; Prates, João Paulo Bicalho; Oliveira, Fábio Dias de; Silva, Lívia Mara Vitorino da | Ano: 2016 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Objetivou-se determinar atividade antisséptica do óleo essencial de Lippia origanoides na presença de leite bovino. A composição química do óleo essencial de alecrim pimenta foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM), sendo detectados 53 compostos, dos quais 16 foram identificados (>0,1% área total). O carvacrol (32,7%), p-cimeno (23%), timilmetil éter, cariofileno (7,98%) e o γ-terpineno (5,40%) foram os componentes mais abundantes. A concentração inibitória mínima para Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e E. coli ATCC 8739 foi de 60µL/mL, enquanto para Salmonella Choleraesuis ATCC 35640 foi de 90µL/mL. A concentração bactericida mínima foi de 120µL/mL para as três bactérias. Avaliou-se a atividade antisséptica do óleo essencial na concentração de 120µL/mL na presença de leite bovino sobre as mesmas cepas bacterianas. O óleo em estudo apresentou efeito inibitório do crescimento das cepas em diferentes tempos de ação (p<0,05). S. aureus apresentou maiores índices de inibição após 5 min de contato e Escherichia coli e Salmonella Choleraesuis após 15 min. O óleo essencial de alecrim-pimenta revelou ser um potencial antimicrobiano natural, mesmo na presença de matéria orgânica constituída de uma matriz nutricional complexa que é o leite bovino.(AU)

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Atividade in vitro de plantas condimentares (Rosmarinus officinalis L., Lippia graveolens HBK e Thymus vulgaris L. ) contra o calicivírus felino/ In vitro activity of plants used as condiments (Rosmarinus officinalis L., Lippia graveolens HBK e Thymus vulgaris L. ) against the feline calicivirus

Autores: Kubiça, TF; Alves, SH; Weiblen, R; Henzel, A; Martins, M; Lovato, LT | Ano: 2015 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: O calicivírus felino (FCV) é um importante patógeno de gatos que causa lesões ulcerativas orais e infecções respiratórias. O vírus tem sido utilizado como modelo experimental para avaliação de agente antivirais contra norovírus (NoVs). Nesse estudo, investigou-se a ação dos óleos essenciais de alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), orégano mexicano (Lippia graveolens HBK.) e tomilho (Thymus vulgaris L.) frente ao FCV, in vitro. A toxicidade celular foi testada pelo método de MTT e os ensaios antivirais pelo teste de redução de placas. Três protocolos foram aplicados: a) diferentes concentrações não tóxicas dos óleos essenciais (CNTOE) foram incubadas com o vírus por 1 hora antes da inoculação (ensaio virucida); b) CNTOE foram adicionadas às células CRFK e incubadas por 1 hora antes da adsorção viral (ensaio de pré-tratamento); c) CNTOE foram adicionadas às células após a inoculação do FCV e mantidas por 18 horas (ensaio de pós-tratamento). A CC 50 para os óleos de alecrim, orégano mexicano e tomilho foram: 1300,21 ?g mL -1 ; 435,92 ?g mL -1 e 675,34 ?g mL -1 ; respectivamente. O óleo essencial de tomilho apresentou índice de seletividade [IS=CC 50 /CI 50 ] de 8,57 para o ensaio de pré-tratamento e 6,2 no ensaio virucida. O óleo de alecrim mostrou atividade antiviral no ensaio virucida (IS=6,54) e de pós-tratamento (IS=6,86). O orégano mexicano apresentou IS de 5,75 no ensaio virucida e 5,59 no de pós-tratamento. Conclui-se que os óleos essenciais de tomilho e alecrim apresentaram atividade frente ao FCV em diferentes momentos da infecção viral.(AU)

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Antiviral Activity of Essential Oils Against Hepatitis A Virus in Soft Fruits.

Autores: Roberta Battistini, Irene Rossini, Carlo Ercolini, Maria Goria, Maria Rita Callipo, Cristiana Maurella, Enrico Pavoni, Laura Serracca | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Berries have repeatedly been associated with outbreaks of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. The fruits are usually minimally processed in the food industry due to their delicate nature. While washing treatments partially remove enteric viruses, the commonly used chemical additives produce toxic by-products. A valid alternative to preserve the food safety of these products could be the use of essential oils (EOs). EOs exert antimicrobial activity and do not interfere with the nutritional characteristics of food products. We investigated the efficacy of four essential oils, lemon (Citrus limon), sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), and rosemary cineole (Rosmarinus officinalis chemotype 1.8 cineole) in reducing viral loads of HAV in soft fruits. Mixed fruit berries were inoculated with 106.74 TCID50/ml of HAV, and treated with four different EOs (0.5% lemon, 0.1% sweet orange and grapefruit, and 0.05% rosemary) for 1 h at room temperature. Virus infectivity was then assessed by titration assays for its ability to grow on cell cultures. A statistically significant reduction in HAV titer on the fruit surface was observed after treating the berries with EOs of lemon (2.84 log TCID50/ml), grapefruit (2.89 log TCID50/ml), and rosemary cineole (2.94 log TCID50/ml). Rosemary cineole was the most effective EO in reducing viral titer on berries, followed by grapefruit EO. These results improve our knowledge about the antiviral activity of these EOs and highlight their potential use in fresh produce sanitation.

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In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Essential Oils Against Endometritis-Causing Microorganisms in Mares.

Autores: Fernando P Lisboa, Wendel P Silvestre, Jéssica O Castro, Gabriel V Martins, Lorenzo G T M Segabinazzi, Gabriel F Pauletti, José A Dell'Aqua | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EO) from Ocimum basilicum (basil), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), and Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) on endometritis-causing microorganisms in mares. Serial concentrations of the EO from 30.00 mg/mL to 0.47 mg/mL were tested. The major compounds of O. basilicum EO were linalyl acetate (33.32 wt.%) and citronellal (25.06 wt.%); of R. officinalis EO were borneol (26.48 wt.%), trans-β-ocimene (16.76 wt.%), camphene (12.45 wt.%), and α-phellandrene (11.08 wt.%); and of C. citratus EO were geranial (45.96 wt.%) and neral (32.62 wt.%). Regarding antimicrobial activity, C. citratus EO has had the highest inhibition percentage (73.9%), followed by O. basilicum (67.2%) and R. officinalis (58.7%). P. aeruginosa was the only pathogen unable to establish the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values for the studied EO. The EOs were effective against all other microorganisms (S. equi, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and C. Albicans). In conclusion, the EOs of O. basilicum, R. officinalis, and C. citratus have presented in vitro antimicrobial activity against microorganisms causing endometritis in mares.

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Crescimento vegetativo e produção de óleo essencial de plantas de alecrim cultivadas sob telas coloridas/ Vegetative growth and yield of essential oil of the rosemary plants development when cultivated under colored screens

Autores: Souza, Girlene Santos de; Silva, Jain dos Santos; Oliveira, Uasley Caldas de; Santos Neto, Roberto Bispo dos; Santos, Anacleto Ranulfo dos | Ano: 2014 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: O alecrim é planta exótica e o interesse no seu cultivo tem crescido ao longo dos anos, pois pode ser utilizado tanto para fins medicinais como aromáticos e largamente utilizado na medicina popular; no entanto, o conhecimento fitotécnico sobre a espécie é bastante limitado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento vegetativo, o teor e o rendimento de óleo essencial de plantas de alecrim, cultivadas sob telas com diferentes características espectrais. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos distribuídos inteiramente ao acaso, com seis repetições, sob estruturas cobertas individualmente nas cores vermelha e azul, com sombreamento de 50% e a pleno sol (0%). Quatro meses depois, foram avaliadas as características de crescimento: altura do ramo principal, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, área foliar, matéria seca das folhas, caule e raízes, os índices fisiológicos: razão de área foliar (RAF), área foliar específica (AFE) e a razão de peso foliar (RPF) e o teor e rendimento do óleo essencial. Plantas de alecrim cultivadas em pleno sol e sob malha azul produziram maior biomassa seca de folhas e maiores teores e rendimentos do óleo essencial. O ambiente a pleno sol influenciou o crescimento, a produção de biomassa e as variáveis AF, AFE, RAF e RPF de plantas de alecrim em relação às plantas cultivadas sob telas coloridas. As plantas submetidas às condições de sombreamento apresentaram maior massa seca foliar e caulinar. Porém, conclui-se que altas intensidades alteraram significativamente a distribuição de massa seca particionada e que o uso de diferentes telas não influenciou nas características fisiológicas das plantas de alecrim, independente da cor.

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Effect of Enzymatic, Ultrasound, and Reflux Extraction Pretreatments on the Chemical Composition of Essential Oils.

Autores: Anđela Miljanović, Ana Bielen, Dorotea Grbin, Zvonimir Marijanović, Martina Andlar, Tonči Rezić, Sunčica Roca, Igor Jerković, Dražen Vikić-Topić, Maja Dent | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The effect of different hydrodistillation pretreatments, namely, reflux extraction, reflux extraction with the addition of cell wall-degrading enzymes, and ultrasound, on the yield and chemical composition of essential oils of sage, bay laurel, and rosemary was examined. All pretreatments improved essential oil yield compared to no-pretreatment control (40-64% yield increase), while the oil quality remained mostly unchanged (as shown by statistical analysis of GC-MS results). However, enzyme-assisted reflux extraction pretreatment did not significantly outperform reflux extraction (no-enzyme control), suggesting that the observed yield increase was mostly a consequence of reflux extraction and enzymatic activity had only a minute effect. Thus, we show that ultrasound and reflux extraction pretreatments are beneficial in the production of essential oils of selected Mediterranean plants, but the application of enzymes has to be carefully re-evaluated.

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Effect of Enzymatic, Ultrasound, and Reflux Extraction Pretreatments on the Chemical Composition of Essential Oils.

Autores: Anđela Miljanović, Ana Bielen, Dorotea Grbin, Zvonimir Marijanović, Martina Andlar, Tonči Rezić, Sunčica Roca, Igor Jerković, Dražen Vikić-Topić, Maja Dent | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The effect of different hydrodistillation pretreatments, namely, reflux extraction, reflux extraction with the addition of cell wall-degrading enzymes, and ultrasound, on the yield and chemical composition of essential oils of sage, bay laurel, and rosemary was examined. All pretreatments improved essential oil yield compared to no-pretreatment control (40-64% yield increase), while the oil quality remained mostly unchanged (as shown by statistical analysis of GC-MS results). However, enzyme-assisted reflux extraction pretreatment did not significantly outperform reflux extraction (no-enzyme control), suggesting that the observed yield increase was mostly a consequence of reflux extraction and enzymatic activity had only a minute effect. Thus, we show that ultrasound and reflux extraction pretreatments are beneficial in the production of essential oils of selected Mediterranean plants, but the application of enzymes has to be carefully re-evaluated.

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GC-MS Profiling of Naturally Extracted Essential Oils: Antimicrobial and Beverage Preservative Actions.

Autores: Reham F El-Kased, Dina M El-Kersh | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the antimicrobial effects of natural essential oils (EO) and determine their preservative action. Eight natural essential oils were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans representing gram positive, gram negative, and fungi, respectively. The plant materials were used in this study viz. Thymus vulgaris-thyme (TV), Mentha virdis (MV), Mentha longifolia (ML), Rosmarinus officinalis-rosemary (RO), Lavandula dentata-lavender (LD), Origanum majorana-oregano (OM), which belong to the Lamiaceae family. The other two plants were Cymbopogon citratus-lemon grass (family Poaceae) (CC), and Eucalyptus globulus (family Myrtaceae) (EG). Employing the disc diffusion susceptibility test, minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations were estimated for each oil, followed by the addition of oils to pasteurized apple juice after microbial induction. The results revealed that thyme oil showed the maximum zone of inhibition against all tested microbes enriched with monoterpenes class viz. eucalyptol (24.3%), thymol (17.4%), and γ-terpinene (15.2%). All other tested oils exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of growth and their MIC ranged from 0.1 to 100 µL/mL. The recorded minimum bactericidal concentration values were apparently double the minimum inhibitory concentration. The EO of Mentha virdis followed by Mentha longifolia showed maximum antimicrobial activity against the tested organisms in pasteurized apple juice. A gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis of lemon grass, thyme, and Mentha virdis essential oils showed their enrichment with monoterpenes class recording 97.10, 97.04, and 97.61%, respectively.

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Essential oil-loaded lipid nanoparticles for wound healing.

Autores: Francesca Saporito, Giuseppina Sandri, Maria Cristina Bonferoni, Silvia Rossi, Cinzia Boselli, Antonia Icaro Cornaglia, Barbara Mannucci, Pietro Grisoli, Barbara Vigani, Franca Ferrari | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Chronic wounds and severe burns are diseases responsible for severe morbidity and even death. Wound repair is a crucial process and tissue regeneration enhancement and infection prevention are key factors to minimize pain, discomfort, and scar formation. The aim of this work was the development of lipid nanoparticles (solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers [NLC]), to be loaded with eucalyptus or rosemary essential oils and to be used, as medical devices, to enhance healing of skin wounds. Lipid nanoparticles were based on natural lipids: cocoa butter, as solid lipid, and olive oil or sesame oil, as liquid lipids. Lecithin was chosen as surfactant to stabilize nanoparticles and to prevent their aggregation. The systems were prepared by high shear homogenization followed by ultrasound application. Nanoparticles were characterized for physical-chemical properties, bioadhesion, cytocompatibility, in vitro proliferation enhancement, and wound healing properties toward normal human dermal fibroblasts. Antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles was evaluated against two reference microbial strains, one of Staphylococcus aureus, the other of Streptococcus pyogenes. Finally, the capability of nanoparticles to promote wound healing in vivo was evaluated on a rat burn model. NLC based on olive oil and loaded with eucalyptus oil showed appropriate physical-chemical properties, good bioadhesion, cytocompatibility, in vitro proliferation enhancement, and wound healing properties toward fibroblasts, associated to antimicrobial properties. Moreover, the in vivo results evidenced the capability of these NLC to enhance the healing process. Olive oil, which is characterized by a high content of oleic acid, proved to exert a synergic effect with eucalyptus oil with respect to antimicrobial activity and wound repair promotion.

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Óleo essencial de orégano, alecrim, canela e extrato de pimenta no controle de Salmonella, Eimeria e Clostridium em frangos de corte/ Oregano, rosemery, cinnamon essential oil and pepper extract to control Salmonella, Eimeria and Clostridium in broiler chickens

Autores: Bona, Tânia D. M. M; Pickler, Larissa; Miglino, Leonardo B; Kuritza, Leandro N; Vasconcelos, Sâmara P; Santin, Elizabeth | Ano: 2012 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência de um composto vegetal contendo óleo essencial de orégano, alecrim, canela e extrato de pimenta vermelha no controle de Salmonella, Eimeria e Clostridium em frangos de corte. Para tal, foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro avaliou-se a eficiência deste produto no controle de Clostridium perfringens após desafio com Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima e E. tenella. Aves de um dia de idade foram divididas em três grupos: T1 - dieta controle sem aditivo promotor de crescimento; T2 - dieta com adição de avilamicina (10ppm); e T3 - dieta com adição do composto vegetal (100ppm). O uso do composto vegetal na alimentação de frangos reduziu lesões específicas de E. maxima e E. tenella aos 14 dias pós-inoculação (PI) como também reduziram a contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) de Clostridium perfringens no conteúdo do ceco das aves em relação ao grupo controle. No segundo experimento avaliou-se a eficiência deste mesmo produto em aves desafiadas com Salmonella Enteritidis. Aves de um dia de idade foram distribuídas em três tratamentos, sendo T1 - dieta controle sem adição de antibiótico promotor de crescimento, T2 - dieta com 10ppm de Avilamicina, T3 - dieta com 100ppm de um produto a base do composto vegetal acima citado. Aos 21 dias de idade todas as aves foram inoculadas com 10(5) UFC de Salmonella Enteritidis. A utilização do composto vegetal e avilamicina diminuiu a excreção de Salmonella nas aves 72 horas PI de Salmonella. A utilização do composto vegetal aumentou a relação vilo/células CD3+ no duodeno, em relação ao grupo avilamicina e controle, porém não teve efeito sobre a expressão destas células no ceco.

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Efeito de diferentes concentrações do extrato hidroalcoólico de alecrim-pimenta sobre amostras microbiológicas de biofilme supragengival - estudo experimental in vitro/ Antiplaque effect of the Lippia sidoides hidrooalcholic extract. An in vitro study

Autores: Rodrigues, Italo Sarto Carvalho; Tavares, Vinícius Nascimento; Silvapereira, Sérgio Luís da; Rocha, Márcia Maria Negreiros Pinto; Costa, Flávio Nogueira da | Ano: 2007 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações do extrato hidroalcoólico de alecrim-pimenta sobre amostras microbiológicas, comparando-o com uma solução de digluconato de clorexidina a O,12%. Estas amostras foram obtidas de um biofilme supragengival com uma semana de colonização, colocadas em meio de cultura BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) e replicadas em placas de ágar ûsangue contendo discos imersos em diferentes concentrações do extrato de alecrim-pimenta (0,1%, 0,5 %, 1%, 2%, 5% e 10%), em solução de clorexidina a O,12%, em solução salina e em álcool absoluto. As concentrações a partir de 2% demonstraram halo de inibição semelhante à dorexidina, enquanto que a solução alcoólica e de soro fisiológico não apresentaram efeito inibitório no crescimento bacteriano. Portanto, o extrato hidroalcoólico do óleo essencial de alecrim-pimenta nas concentrações de 2%, 5% e 10% exerceu efeito inibitório "invitro" sobre amostras microbiológicas de biofilme supragengival de forma similar à solução de clorexidina a 0,12%.

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Control of the growth of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in industrialized orange juice using rosemary essential oil and nisin.

Autores: D A M da Silva, M S Fernandes, E H Endo, A C P Vital, E A Britta, M E Favero, J C Castro, P T Matumoto-Pintro, B P Dias Filho, C V Nakamura, M Machinski Junior, J M G Mikcha, B A de Abreu Filho | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The use of rosemary essential oil (RO) and its combination with nisin (RO+N) in preventing the multiplication of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in orange juice was evaluated. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) for RO were both 125 μg ml-1 while RO+N displayed a synergistic effect. The use of RO and RO+N at concentrations of 1, 4 and 8 MIC in orange juice for 96 h was evaluated in terms of their sporicidal effectiveness. With regard to the action against A. acidoterrestris spores, RO at 8 MIC was sporostatic, whereas RO+N at 1 MIC was sporicidal. Morphological changes in the structure of the micro-organism after treatment were also observed by microscopy. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis showed that most cells were damaged or killed after treatment. In general, the antioxidant activity after addition of RO+N decreased with time. The results demonstrate that using the combination of RO and nisin can prevent the A. acidoterrestris growth in orange juice.

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Efeito dos óleos essenciais sobre a antracnose in vitro e em frutos de mamoeiro/ Effect of essential oils on in vitro anthracnose and in fruits of the papaya plant

Autores: ANDRADE, W.P.; VIEIRA, G.H.C. | Ano: 2016 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: RESUMO As doenças pós-colheita do mamão são as principais responsáveis pelas perdas que ocorrem durante esse processo. A antracnose é uma doença causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Esse patógeno tem a capacidade de se estabelecer no fruto imaturo, permanecendo em estado latente até que as condições se tornem favoráveis ao seu desenvolvimento. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar o efeito fungistático dos óleos essenciais sobre o fungo C.gloeosporioides. Os experimentos foram realizados no laboratório de Fitossanidade da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Unidade Universitária de Cassilândia, foram três etapas, quais sejam: I efeito dos óleos essenciais sobre a germinação de conídios, II- ação in vitro dos óleos sobre micélios fúngicos e III- efeito dos óleos essenciais sobre o fungo em frutos do mamoeiro. Para as três fases o delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 6 X 5, (óleos essenciais de alecrim, menta, capim-limão, anis, árvore-chá e canela) e cinco concentrações (0 μL, 10 μL, 30 μL, 50 μL, 100 μL), com 5 repetições. A germinação de conídios foi afetada drasticamente pelos óleos de menta e árvore-chá. O efeito fungitóxico do óleo de menta foi confirmado nos experimentos subsequentes, nos quais essa substância na concentração de 100 µL inibiu completamente o crescimento micelial invivo e in vitro do fungo C. gloeosporioides. Os óleos de alecrim e árvore-chá também afetam o crescimento micelial in vivo e in vitro desse fungo, embora em menor intensidade.

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Effects of Olfactory Stimulation with Aroma Oils on Psychophysiological Responses of Female Adults.

Autores: Na-Yoon Choi, Yu-Tong Wu, Sin-Ae Park | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study investigated the effects of olfactory stimulation with aroma oils on the psychophysiological responses in women. Ten aromatic oils (lavender, rosemary, rose, eucalyptus, jasmine, geranium, chamomile, clary sage, thyme, and peppermint) were used on 23 women aged between 20 and 60 years. They inhaled the scent for 90 s through a glass funnel attached to their lab apron, 10 cm below their nose, while the pump was activated. Electroencephalography, blood pressure, and pulse rate were measured before and during inhalation of the aroma oils. The relative alpha (RA) power spectrums indicating relaxation and resting state of the brain significantly increased when lavender, rosemary, eucalyptus, jasmine, chamomile, clary sage, and thyme oils were inhaled compared to those of before olfactory stimulation. The ratio of alpha to high beta (RAHB), an indicator of brain stability and relaxation, significantly increased when rosemary, jasmine, clary sage, and peppermint oils were inhaled. The relative low beta (RLB) power spectrum, an indicator of brain activity in the absence of stress, significantly increased when stimulated with lavender, rosemary, rose, and geranium scents. Further, systolic blood pressure significantly decreased after introduction of all 10 types of aromatic oils, which indicates stress reduction. Thus, olfactory stimulation with aroma oil had a stabilizing effect on the prefrontal cortex and brain activity and decreased systolic blood pressure.

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Effects of Olfactory Stimulation with Aroma Oils on Psychophysiological Responses of Female Adults.

Autores: Na-Yoon Choi, Yu-Tong Wu, Sin-Ae Park | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study investigated the effects of olfactory stimulation with aroma oils on the psychophysiological responses in women. Ten aromatic oils (lavender, rosemary, rose, eucalyptus, jasmine, geranium, chamomile, clary sage, thyme, and peppermint) were used on 23 women aged between 20 and 60 years. They inhaled the scent for 90 s through a glass funnel attached to their lab apron, 10 cm below their nose, while the pump was activated. Electroencephalography, blood pressure, and pulse rate were measured before and during inhalation of the aroma oils. The relative alpha (RA) power spectrums indicating relaxation and resting state of the brain significantly increased when lavender, rosemary, eucalyptus, jasmine, chamomile, clary sage, and thyme oils were inhaled compared to those of before olfactory stimulation. The ratio of alpha to high beta (RAHB), an indicator of brain stability and relaxation, significantly increased when rosemary, jasmine, clary sage, and peppermint oils were inhaled. The relative low beta (RLB) power spectrum, an indicator of brain activity in the absence of stress, significantly increased when stimulated with lavender, rosemary, rose, and geranium scents. Further, systolic blood pressure significantly decreased after introduction of all 10 types of aromatic oils, which indicates stress reduction. Thus, olfactory stimulation with aroma oil had a stabilizing effect on the prefrontal cortex and brain activity and decreased systolic blood pressure.

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Evaluation of the efficiency of allspice, thyme and rosemary essential oils on two foodborne pathogens in in-vitro and on alfalfa seeds, and their effect on sensory characteristics of the sprouts.

Autores: Ana Cecilia Lorenzo-Leal, Enrique Palou, Aurelio López-Malo | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Seeds are usual source of contamination and their sprouts are commonly associated foodborne illness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial vapor phase efficiency of allspice, thyme and rosemary essential oils on two foodborne pathogens in in vitro and on alfalfa seeds, including the chemical profile of the tested EOs and their effect on the sensory characteristics of the sprouts. Antibacterial activity was determined through the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EOs in vapor phase to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium in culture media and on alfalfa seeds. Also, the germination and the effect on sensory characteristics of the sprouts were determined. Thyme EO was the most effective of the tested EOs on culture media and on alfalfa seeds, against both bacteria. When rosemary EO was tested against L. monocytogenes in alfalfa seeds, the MIC (4.0 mL/Lair) was higher, compared to the one obtained in culture media (2.7 mL/Lair). But when this EO was tested against S. Typhimurium, the MIC in alfalfa seeds was lower than in culture media (11.7 vs 13.3 mL/Lair). Allspice EO resulted more effective against both bacteria in alfalfa seeds (6.0 mL/Lair for L. monocytogenes and 6.7 mL/Lair for S. Typhimurium), compared to culture media (12.0 mL/Lair for L. monocytogenes and 13.3 mL/Lair for S. Typhimurium). Vapor phase EOs MICs resulted in significant (p ≤ 0.05) decreases of L. monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium counts compared to the control. There also was a significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference between systems (in vitro or on alfalfa seeds) despite the microorganism or the evaluated EO. Treatment alfalfa seed with vapor phase EOs, did not affect the seed germination. Sensory acceptability of the sprouts, obtained of treated seeds, did not were significant (p ≥ 0.05) different of the sprouts obtained from the non-treated seeds.

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Lousicidal, ovicidal and repellent efficacy of some essential oils against lice and flies infesting water buffaloes in Egypt.

Autores: Hanem F Khater, Mohamed Y Ramadan, Reham S El-Madawy | Ano: 2009 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The lousicidal and repellent effects of five essential oils were investigated for the first time against the buffalo louse, Haematopinus tuberculatus, and flies infesting water buffaloes in Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt. For the in vitro studies, filter paper contact bioassays were used to test the oils and their lethal activities were compared with that of d-phenothrin. Four minutes post-treatment, the median lethal concentration, LC50, values were 2.74, 7.28, 12.35, 18.67 and 22.79% for camphor (Cinnamomum camphora), onion (Allium cepa), peppermint (Mentha piperita), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and rosemary oils (Rosmarinus officinalis), respectively, whereas for d-phenothrin, it was 1.17%. The lethal time (50) (LT50) values were 0.89, 2.75, 15.39, 21.32, 11.60 and 1.94 min after treatment with 7.5% camphor, onion, peppermint, chamomile, rosemary and d-phenothrin, respectively. All the materials used except rosemary, which was not applied, were ovicidal to the eggs of H. tuberculatus. Despite the results of the in vitro assays, the in vivo treatments revealed that the pediculicidal activity was more pronounced with oils. All treated lice were killed after 0.5-2 min, whereas with d-phenothrin, 100% mortality was reached only after 120 min. The number of lice infesting buffaloes was significantly reduced 3, 6, 4, 6 and 9 days after treatment with camphor, peppermint, chamomile, onion, and d-phenothrin, respectively. Moreover, the oils and d-phenothrin significantly repelled flies, Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans, Haematobia irritans and Hippobosca equina, for 6 and 3 days post-treatment, respectively. No adverse effects were noted on either animals or pour-on operators after exposure to the applied materials. Consequently, some Egyptian essential oils show potential for the development of new, speedy and safe lousicides and insect repellents for controlling lice and flies which infest water buffaloes.

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Extraction of volatile oil from aromatic plants with supercritical carbon dioxide: experiments and modeling.

Autores: Jose P Coelho, Ana F Cristino, Patrícia G Matos, Amélia P Rauter, Beatriz P Nobre, Rui L Mendes, João G Barroso, Ana Mainar, Jose S Urieta, João M N A Fareleira, Helena Sovová, António F Palavra | Ano: 2012 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: An overview of the studies carried out in our laboratories on supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of volatile oils from seven aromatic plants: pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.), fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), savory (Satureja fruticosa Béguinot), winter savory (Satureja montana L.), cotton lavender (Santolina chamaecyparisus) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris), is presented. A flow apparatus with a 1 L extractor and two 0.27 L separators was built to perform studies at temperatures ranging from 298 to 353 K and pressures up to 30.0 MPa. The best compromise between yield and composition compared with hydrodistillation (HD) was achieved selecting the optimum experimental conditions of extraction and fractionation. The major differences between HD and SFE oils is the presence of a small percentage of cuticular waxes and the relative amount of thymoquinone, an oxygenated monoterpene with important biological properties, which is present in the oils from thyme and winter savory. On the other hand, the modeling of our data on supercritical extraction of volatile oil from pennyroyal is discussed using Sovová's models. These models have been applied successfully to the other volatile oil extractions. Furthermore, other experimental studies involving supercritical CO(2) carried out in our laboratories are also mentioned.

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Aromas of rosemary and lavender essential oils differentially affect cognition and mood in healthy adults.

Autores: Mark Moss, Jenny Cook, Keith Wesnes, Paul Duckett | Ano: 2003 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study was designed to assess the olfactory impact of the essential oils of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and rosemary (Rosmarlnus officinalis) on cognitive performance and mood in healthy volunteers. One hundred and forty-four participants were randomly assigned to one of three independent groups, and subsequently performed the Cognitive Drug Research (CDR) computerized cognitive assessment battery in a cubicle containing either one of the two odors or no odor (control). Visual analogue mood questionnaires were completed prior to exposure to the odor, and subsequently after completion of the test battery. The participants were deceived as to the genuine aim of the study until the completion of testing to prevent expectancy effects from possibly influencing the data. The outcome variables from the nine tasks that constitute the CDR core battery feed into six factors that represent different aspects of cognitive functioning. Analysis of performance revealed that lavender produced a significant decrement in performance of working memory, and impaired reaction times for both memory and attention based tasks compared to controls. In contrast, rosemary produced a significant enhancement of performance for overall quality of memory and secondary memory factors, but also produced an impairment of speed of memory compared to controls. With regard to mood, comparisons of the change in ratings from baseline to post-test revealed that following the completion of the cognitive assessment battery, both the control and lavender groups were significantly less alert than the rosemary condition; however, the control group was significantly less content than both rosemary and lavender conditions. These findings indicate that the olfactory properties of these essential oils can produce objective effects on cognitive performance, as well as subjective effects on mood.

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Recent advances on the efficacy of essential oils on mycotoxin secretion and their mode of action.

Autores: Adel Mirza Alizadeh, S Amirhossein Golzan, Aida Mahdavi, Samira Dakhili, Zahra Torki, Hedayat Hosseini | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils, as extracted compounds from plants, are volatile and aromatic liquids which their unique aromatic compounds give each essential oil its distinctive essence. Fungi toxins can induce various adverse health effects like allergy, cancer, and immunosuppression. Moreover, fungal spoilage impacts pharmaceutical and food industries economic state. A drop in the utilization of synthetic compounds as food prophylaxis has occurred due to several factors such as hygiene agents' alerts and stricter legal regulations. Therefore, the applications of natural substances such as essential oils have increased in recent years. Oregano, cinnamon, thyme, rosemary, fennel, clove, palmarosa, and eucalyptus have been the highest employed essential oils against mycotoxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins in studies conducted in the past decade. Essential oils inhibit fungi growth and mycotoxin synthesis via diverse pathways including modified fungal growth rate and extended lag phase, disruption of cell permeability, disruption of the electron transport chain and manipulating gene expression patterns and metabolic processes. In the present review, we will investigate the implications and efficacy of essential oils in preventing the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi, eliminating mycotoxins and their mechanism of actions conducted in the last decade.HighlightsThe most investigated toxigenic genera are Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium Spp.AB1, AG1, OTA and AB2 are the most frequently studied toxinsOregano, cinnamon and thyme are mostly exploited EOs on toxigenic fungi & mycotoxinsOregano, thyme & cinnamon are the most significant antifungals on toxigenic generaCinnamon, oregano & cinnamaldehyde are the fittest antimycotoxins on DON, OTA & AFB1.

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Recent advances on the efficacy of essential oils on mycotoxin secretion and their mode of action.

Autores: Adel Mirza Alizadeh, S Amirhossein Golzan, Aida Mahdavi, Samira Dakhili, Zahra Torki, Hedayat Hosseini | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils, as extracted compounds from plants, are volatile and aromatic liquids which their unique aromatic compounds give each essential oil its distinctive essence. Fungi toxins can induce various adverse health effects like allergy, cancer, and immunosuppression. Moreover, fungal spoilage impacts pharmaceutical and food industries economic state. A drop in the utilization of synthetic compounds as food prophylaxis has occurred due to several factors such as hygiene agents' alerts and stricter legal regulations. Therefore, the applications of natural substances such as essential oils have increased in recent years. Oregano, cinnamon, thyme, rosemary, fennel, clove, palmarosa, and eucalyptus have been the highest employed essential oils against mycotoxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins in studies conducted in the past decade. Essential oils inhibit fungi growth and mycotoxin synthesis via diverse pathways including modified fungal growth rate and extended lag phase, disruption of cell permeability, disruption of the electron transport chain and manipulating gene expression patterns and metabolic processes. In the present review, we will investigate the implications and efficacy of essential oils in preventing the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi, eliminating mycotoxins and their mechanism of actions conducted in the last decade.HighlightsThe most investigated toxigenic genera are Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium Spp.AB1, AG1, OTA and AB2 are the most frequently studied toxinsOregano, cinnamon and thyme are mostly exploited EOs on toxigenic fungi & mycotoxinsOregano, thyme & cinnamon are the most significant antifungals on toxigenic generaCinnamon, oregano & cinnamaldehyde are the fittest antimycotoxins on DON, OTA & AFB1.

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Drying temperature changes trichome integrity, chemical content and composition of the essential oil of pepper-rosmarin/ Temperatura de secagem altera integridade de tricomas, teor e composição química doóleo essencial de alecrim-pimenta

Autores: Queiroz, Giovanna Alcântara; Silva, Pedro Henrique Lopes; Oliveira, Rosilene Aparecida de; Sodré, George Andrade; Costa, Larissa Corrêa do Bomfim | Ano: 2018 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: ABSTRACT: Medicinal plants are generally commercialized dried. However, temperatures used in their drying processes may interfere with the content and chemical composition of their essential oils. The Lippia origanoides possesses thymol in the essential oil that is stored in glandular trichomes. Thymol is a major component of economic importance in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the drying temperatures of L. origanoides leaves regarding trichome integrity, content, and chemical composition of the essential oil. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments defined by oven drying temperatures (40, 50, 60, and 70ºC) and four replications. Essential oil was extracted by hydro distillation and the essential oil contents were determined (%). Chemical composition of the oil was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out to determine trichome integrity. Drying the L. origanoides leaves in a forced ventilation oven at 40°C minimized the loss of extracted essential oil content (17.5g kg-1) and relative thymol percentage. Leaves dried at the temperatures of 60 and 70ºC exhibited a higher percentage of ruptured trichomes and reduced essential oil content to 13.7g kg-1 and 11.8g kg-1, respectively.

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Effect of Dietary Rosemary and Ginger Essential Oils on the Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Meat Nutritive Value, Blood Biochemicals, and Redox Status of Growing NZW Rabbits.

Autores: Mahmoud A Elazab, Ayman M Khalifah, Abdelmotaleb A Elokil, Alaa E Elkomy, Marwa M Rabie, Abdallah Tageldein Mansour, Sabrin Abdelrahman Morshedy | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study was conducted to assess the impacts of using two essential oils, rosemary and ginger, on growing rabbits' performance, carcass traits, meat composition, blood biochemicals, and the redox status of growing New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. A total of 120 unsexed NZW rabbits, 42-days-old, were assigned randomly to five experimental groups (n = 24, 6 replicates with 4 rabbits each). The first group received a basal diet (control), the second to fifth groups were dietary supplemented daily with rosemary essential oil (REO) and ginger essential oil (GEO) at doses of 0.25 and 0.5% for each supplementation (REO-0.25, REO-0.5, GEO-0.25, and GEO-0.5), respectively. The growth traits were studied for 7 weeks, from the 7th to the 13th week of the rabbits' age. The results revealed that final body weight, weight gain, and average daily gain increased significantly (p < 0.01) in the REO-0.5 and GEO-0.5 treatments compared to the control group. Daily feed intake decreased (p = 0.005) in essential oil treatments. Meanwhile, the feed conversion ratio improved significantly (p = 0.001) in REO and GEO at the high doses compared to the control group. The weight percentages of liver and giblets increased (p < 0.001) with both treatments of REO and GEO compared to the control group. The dietary supplementation with REO and GEO did not affect (p > 0.05) the meat composition of Longissimus dorsi and hind leg muscles. Meanwhile, REO and GEO supplementation significantly decreased cholesterol levels in the rabbit meat. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentrations decreased by 10 and 15% in the meat of REO-0.5 and GEO-0.5 treatments, respectively, compared to the other groups. In the same trend, REO and GEO treatments induced a significant (p = 0.001) reduction in the plasma cholesterol concentrations and triglycerides compared to the control. The total antioxidant capacity increased by 7.60% and the malondialdehyde decreased by 11.64% in the plasma of GEO-0.5 treatment than the control. Thus, the dietary supplementation of REO and GEO have a beneficial effect in improving the productivity and meat quality of growing rabbits.

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Preparation of mupirocin-loaded polymeric nanocapsules using essential oil of rosemary

Autores: Rubenick, Jaqueline Bandeira; Rubim, Alexandre Machado; Bellé, Francieli; Nogueira-Librelotto, Daniele Rubert; Rolim, Clarice Madalena Bueno | Ano: 2017 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Abstract The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize mupirocin-loaded polymeric nanocapsules using two different oils and to develop and validate an analytical method for quantitative determination by high performance liquid chromatography. The mean size of the nanoparticles was 233.05 nm and 275.03 nm for nanocapsules with a rosemary oil like oily core and caprylic/capric triglyceride, respectively, and a good polydispersity index below 0.25 for both formulations. The nanocapsules showed good stability when stored at 40 ºC and room temperature for 30 days. The quantitative method was performed with a mobile phase consisting of ammonium ammonium acetate (0.05 M adjusted to pH 5.0 with acetic acid) and acetonitrile 60:40 (v/v); the flow rate was 0.8 mL/min, UV detection at 230 nm. The analytical method was linear in the range of 5.0-15.0 µg/mL, specific for both oils, accurate, precise (intermediate precision RSD = 1.68% and repeatability RSD = 0.81%) and robust under the evaluated conditions. Therefore, this method can be performed for quantification of mupirocin in polymeric nanocapsules containing both oils.

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Produção de biomassa e óleo essencial de alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis L. ) em função da altura e intervalo entre cortes/ Biomass production and essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L. ) in function of the height and interval between the cuts

Autores: May, A; Suguino, E; Martins, A. N; Barata, L. E. S; Pinheiro, M. Q | Ano: 2010 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: O alecrim é planta exótica e o interesse no seu cultivo tem crescido ao longo dos anos, pois pode ser utilizado tanto para fins medicinais como aromáticos; no entanto, o conhecimento fitotécnico sobre a espécie é bastante limitado. Dessa forma, o trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência da altura de corte e do intervalo destes sobre a produção de biomassa e no rendimento do óleo essencial de alecrim. O experimento foi realizado no Instituto Agronômico, em Campinas - SP, no período de janeiro de 2006 a julho de 2007. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com 8 tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo duas alturas de corte (20 e 40 cm) e quatro intervalos entre cortes (60, 80, 100, 120 dias) e três repetições. Foram avaliadas as características altura da planta, massa seca da parte aérea, rendimento e qualidade do óleo essencial. Observou-se que maiores intervalos entre cortes proporcionaram maior altura da planta e maior massa seca da parte aérea. O rendimento e a qualidade do óleo essencial não foram afetados ao longo do período experimental.

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Efeito da época de colheita na produção de fitomassa e rendimento de óleo essencial de alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides Cham. )/ Effect of harvesting time on phytomass production and essential oil yield in alecrim-pimenta" (Lippia sidoides Cham. )"

Autores: Figueiredo, L. S; Bonfim, F. P. G; Siqueira, C. S; Fonseca, M. M; Silva, A. H; Martins, E. R | Ano: 2009 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a massa fresca, massa seca e rendimento de óleo essencial de Lippia sidoides cultivada no Norte de Minas. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por intervalos de colheita: 120, 180, 240, 300 e 360 dias após o transplantio. Em cada colheita, foram determinados a altura das plantas, o diâmetro da base do caule, o rendimento de matéria fresca de folhas, caule, parte aérea e o rendimento de matéria seca da parte aérea, além do teor e rendimento de óleo essencial por planta. O teor máximo de óleo essencial foi detectado aos 180 dias, enquanto que a produção máxima de matéria seca ocorreu aos 329 dias. A produção de óleo essencial por planta foi 2,34±1,15 g. A produtividade de óleo essencial foi de 124,8 kg ha-1, sendo recomendada a colheita aos 180 dias.

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Teor de óleo essencial de alecrim-pimenta em função do horário de colheita/ Essential oil content of pepper-rosmarin as a function of harvest time

Autores: Melo, Marco Túlio Pinheiro de; Ribeiro, Juliana Martins; Meira, Messulan Rodrigues; Figueiredo, Lourdes Silva de; Martins, Ernane Ronie | Ano: 2011 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: O alecrim-pimenta é uma importante planta medicinal, nativa do nordeste brasileiro, que, devido ao seu óleo essencial, apresenta grande potencial antifúngico e antibacteriano. Um dos fatores que afetam o teor de metabólitos secundários das plantas é o horário de colheita, assim, o conhecimento desse fator subsidia as decisões agronômicas da espécie, favorecendo o aumento do teor de óleo essencial no momento da colheita. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do horário de colheita na produção de óleo essencial de alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides Cham.). O experimento foi desenvolvido no Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (ICA/UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos, definidos pelos horários de coleta das folhas (6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00 e 18:00) e seis repetições, sendo esse o número de coletas em cada tratamento. As folhas foram obtidas de plantas matrizes do Horto Medicinal do ICA/UFMG. O óleo essencial foi obtido pelo método de hidrodestilação usando o aparelho de Clevenger. A análise de regressão apresentou um efeito cúbico para o teor de óleo essencial, sendo que o maior valor, 5,78 por cento em relação à matéria seca, foi obtido às 9h59min. Portanto, recomenda-se a colheita das folhas de alecrim-pimenta próximo das 10h.

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Biobased polymer resources and essential oils: a green combination for antibacterial applications.

Autores: Christine Elian, Samir Abbad Andaloussi, Régis Moilleron, Jean-Winoc Decousser, Cyrille Boyer, Davy-Louis Versace | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: To fight nosocomial infections, the excessive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, which are now considered a relevant public health threat by the World Health Organization. To date, most antibacterial systems are based on the use of petro-sourced polymers, but the global supplies of these resources are depleting. Besides, silver NPs are widely accepted as the most active biocide against a wide range of bacterial strains but their toxicity is an issue. The growing interest in natural products has gained increasing interest in the last decade. Therefore, the design of functional antibacterial materials derived from biomass remains a significant challenge for the scientific community. Consequently, attention has shifted to naturally occurring substances such as essential oils (EOs), which are classified as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS). EOs can offer an alternative to the common antimicrobial agents as an inner solution or biocide agent to inhibit the resistance mechanism. Herein, this review not only aims at providing developments in the antibacterial modes of action of EOs against various bacterial strains and the recent advances in genomic and proteomic techniques for the elucidation of these mechanisms but also presents examples of biobased polymer resource-based EO materials and their antibacterial activities. Especially, we describe the antibacterial properties of biobased polymers, e.g. cellulose, starch, chitosan, PLA PHAs and proteins, associated with EOs (cinnamon (CEO), clove (CLEO), bergamot (BEO), ginger (GEO), lemongrass (LEO), caraway (CAEO), rosemary (REO), Eucalyptus globulus (EGEO), tea tree (TTEO), orange peel (OPEO) and apricot (Prunus armeniaca) kernel (AKEO) essential oils). Finally, we discuss the influence of EOs on the mechanical strength of bio-based materials.

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Alecrim (Rosmarinus officiallis L): propriedades antimicrobiana e química do óleo essencial/ Rosemary (Rosmarinus officiallis L): essential oil antimicrobial and chemical properties

Autores: Porte, Alexandre; Godoy, Ronoel Luiz de Oliveira | Ano: 2001 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Apresenta breve revisäo bibliogràfica sobre a composiçäo química e as propriedades antimicrobianas do óleo essencial de alecrim. Enfoca aspectos gerais, usos, atividade contra bactérias e fungos em alimentos e as principais substâncias do óleo de alecrim oriundo de diferentes países. Conclui que os compostos oxigenados säo os responsáveis pelas atividades fisiológica e antimicrobiana, mas há discordância sobre os compostos majoritários, ora hidrocarbonetos ora oxigenados

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Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds from Aromatic Plants by Means of Dynamic Headspace Extraction and Multiple Headspace Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

Autores: Jone Omar, Maitane Olivares, Ibone Alonso, Asier Vallejo, Oier Aizpurua-Olaizola, Nestor Etxebarria | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Seven monoterpenes in 4 aromatic plants (sage, cardamom, lavender, and rosemary) were quantified in liquid extracts and directly in solid samples by means of dynamic headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (DHS-GC-MS) and multiple headspace extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MHSE), respectively. The monoterpenes were 1st extracted by means of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and analyzed by an optimized DHS-GC-MS. The optimization of the dynamic extraction step and the desorption/cryo-focusing step were tackled independently by experimental design assays. The best working conditions were set at 30 °C for the incubation temperature, 5 min of incubation time, and 40 mL of purge volume for the dynamic extraction step of these bioactive molecules. The conditions of the desorption/cryo-trapping step from the Tenax TA trap were set at follows: the temperature was increased from 30 to 300 °C at 150 °C/min, although the cryo-trapping was maintained at -70 °C. In order to estimate the efficiency of the SFE process, the analysis of monoterpenes in the 4 aromatic plants was directly carried out by means of MHSE because it did not require any sample preparation. Good linearity (r2) > 0.99) and reproducibility (relative standard deviation % <12) was obtained for solid and liquid quantification approaches, in the ranges of 0.5 to 200 ng and 10 to 500 ng/mL, respectively. The developed methods were applied to analyze the concentration of 7 monoterpenes in aromatic plants obtaining concentrations in the range of 2 to 6000 ng/g and 0.25 to 110 μg/mg, respectively.

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Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds from Aromatic Plants by Means of Dynamic Headspace Extraction and Multiple Headspace Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

Autores: Jone Omar, Maitane Olivares, Ibone Alonso, Asier Vallejo, Oier Aizpurua-Olaizola, Nestor Etxebarria | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Seven monoterpenes in 4 aromatic plants (sage, cardamom, lavender, and rosemary) were quantified in liquid extracts and directly in solid samples by means of dynamic headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (DHS-GC-MS) and multiple headspace extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MHSE), respectively. The monoterpenes were 1st extracted by means of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and analyzed by an optimized DHS-GC-MS. The optimization of the dynamic extraction step and the desorption/cryo-focusing step were tackled independently by experimental design assays. The best working conditions were set at 30 °C for the incubation temperature, 5 min of incubation time, and 40 mL of purge volume for the dynamic extraction step of these bioactive molecules. The conditions of the desorption/cryo-trapping step from the Tenax TA trap were set at follows: the temperature was increased from 30 to 300 °C at 150 °C/min, although the cryo-trapping was maintained at -70 °C. In order to estimate the efficiency of the SFE process, the analysis of monoterpenes in the 4 aromatic plants was directly carried out by means of MHSE because it did not require any sample preparation. Good linearity (r2) > 0.99) and reproducibility (relative standard deviation % <12) was obtained for solid and liquid quantification approaches, in the ranges of 0.5 to 200 ng and 10 to 500 ng/mL, respectively. The developed methods were applied to analyze the concentration of 7 monoterpenes in aromatic plants obtaining concentrations in the range of 2 to 6000 ng/g and 0.25 to 110 μg/mg, respectively.

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An in vitro ULV olfactory bioassay method for testing the repellent activity of essential oils against moths.

Autores: Petros T Damos | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: A prototype olfactory device was developed and used for first time to study the bioactivity of Ultra Low Volumes (ULV) of three essential oilsagainst the moth pest Anarsia lineatella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Particle sizes calibration and standard ULV time-doses range tests were performed prior the olfactory bioassays. Three essential oils were tested Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon Grass), Gaultheria procumbens (Winter Grass) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosmarin) according to the proposed method. The most active oil was that of R. officinalis and moths expressed approximately 3-5 fold faster moving behavior (50% repellence response times to ULV, RT50: 20-30 min) compared to G. procumbens (RT50:74-79 min) and C. citratus (RT50:82-96 min). Apart from direct observed repellence, moths sprayed with ULV show clearly signs of knock down symptoms and high fatality in a period 15-60 min after their treatment especial in the case of R. officinalis. Longevity of female moths was significantly affected by the initial ULV application. Furthermore, choice test showed that essential oils significantly deterred oviposition in most cases. Considering the urgent need for alternative to conventional pesticides the current work may provide a framework of testing the bioactivity of bio rational compounds in the form of ULV and under Lab conditions.

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Essential oils as tick repellents on clothing.

Autores: Oliver Soutar, Freya Cohen, Richard Wall | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils show promise as natural alternatives to synthetic tick repellents, but few studies have investigated their repellent efficacy in vivo or under field conditions. Here, blanket-drags and standardised walks were employed to evaluate tick acquisition by 1 m2 cotton blankets or cotton trousers, respectively, in woodland edge habitats of known high tick abundance. Blankets and trousers had been treated with one of 5% oregano, rosemary, spearmint or thyme oils, 20% DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) (positive control) or ethanol excipient-only (negative control). The number of ticks present on the blankets or trousers differed significantly between treatments: spearmint oil treatments resulted in significantly fewer ticks than the negative controls for both blankets and trousers and significantly fewer ticks were present on the oregano oil treated blankets. For ticks that did attach to the trousers, the rate of drop off within 3 min was significantly higher for trousers treated with spearmint oil or thyme oil than ethanol, oregano oil and rosemary oil. No reduction in repellence was detected over a 24 h period between treatment and testing. The results suggest that 5% oregano and spearmint oils exhibit potential as natural clothing repellents, with an effective equivalence to 20% DEET.

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Three molecules found in rosemary or nutmeg essential oils repel ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) more effectively than DEET in a no-human assay.

Autores: Colin Wong, Kylie Crystal, Joel Coats | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Development of new personal repellents to prevent tick bites is progressing to keep up with the increasing threat of tick-borne diseases in humans. However, the market share of natural, plant-based repellents is still quite small. We tested all of the major (>1%) components found in the essential oils of rosemary (Spanish variety) and nutmeg. These were tested with Dermacentor variabilis ticks, a robust tick capable of vectoring human diseases, in a no-human horizontal Petri dish assay. For comparison, we also tested the active ingredients currently recommended by the CDC and EPA as personal repellents for use against ticks.

Resultados: Of the 16 oil components tested, three performed significantly better than N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) in our assay. These compounds were myristicin and safrole found in the nutmeg oil, and terpinolene found in nutmeg oil and as a minor (<1%) constituent of rosemary oil. The current market natural product, 2-undecanone, also performed strongly in our assay.

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An in vitro ULV olfactory bioassay method for testing the repellent activity of essential oils against moths.

Autores: Petros T Damos | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: A prototype olfactory device was developed and used for first time to study the bioactivity of Ultra Low Volumes (ULV) of three essential oilsagainst the moth pest Anarsia lineatella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Particle sizes calibration and standard ULV time-doses range tests were performed prior the olfactory bioassays. Three essential oils were tested Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon Grass), Gaultheria procumbens (Winter Grass) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosmarin) according to the proposed method. The most active oil was that of R. officinalis and moths expressed approximately 3-5 fold faster moving behavior (50% repellence response times to ULV, RT50: 20-30 min) compared to G. procumbens (RT50:74-79 min) and C. citratus (RT50:82-96 min). Apart from direct observed repellence, moths sprayed with ULV show clearly signs of knock down symptoms and high fatality in a period 15-60 min after their treatment especial in the case of R. officinalis. Longevity of female moths was significantly affected by the initial ULV application. Furthermore, choice test showed that essential oils significantly deterred oviposition in most cases. Considering the urgent need for alternative to conventional pesticides the current work may provide a framework of testing the bioactivity of bio rational compounds in the form of ULV and under Lab conditions.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Control of the myiasis-producing fly, Lucilia sericata, with Egyptian essential oils.

Autores: Hanem F Khater, Abeer Hanafy, Abla D Abdel-Mageed, Mohamed Y Ramadan, Reham S El-Madawy | Ano: 2011 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Myiasis caused by Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is widely distributed throughout the world and affects both humans and animals. In addition, L. sericata larvae and adults may play a role in spreading causal agents of mycobacterial infections. Therefore, it is important to establish new and safe alternative methods of controlling this blowfly.

Resultados: The oils were highly toxic to L. sericata larvae, with median lethal concentrations (LC(50) ) of 0.57%, 0.85%, 2.74%, and 6.77% for lettuce, chamomile, anise, and rosemary oils, respectively. Pupation rates were markedly decreased after treatment with 8% lettuce oil, and adult emergence was suppressed by 2% lettuce and chamomile oils. Morphological abnormalities were recorded after treatment with all tested oils, and lettuce was the major cause of deformation. There was a predomiN/Ace of males over females (4 : 1) after treatment with lower concentrations of chamomile and rosemary; such a skew toward males would lead to a population decline.

Conclusão: N/A