EUCALIPTO CITRIODORA

Essential oils and Beauveria bassiana against Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae): Towards new natural acaricides.

Autores: Davide Immediato, Luciana Aguiar Figueredo, Roberta Iatta, Antonio Camarda, Rafaela Lira Nogueira de Luna, Annunziata Giangaspero, Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho, Domenico Otranto, Claudia Cafarchia | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils (EOs) and entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana (Bb) strains have the potential to be used as alternative insecticides and acaricides for controlling ectoparasites as Dermanyssus gallinae. These compounds have some limitations in their use: the acaricidal effect of EOs is rapid, but short-lived, whilst that of Bb is delayed, but long-lived. To evaluate the effect of both compounds combined against D. gallinae, the non-toxic dose of Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Thymus vulgaris and Eugenia caryophyllata essential oils were firstly calculated for "native" strains of Bb. Subsequently, the effects of the combination of selected EOs with Bb against nymph and adult poultry red mites (PRMs) was assessed. EO concentrations ranging from 0.0015 to 8% v/v (i.e., nine double dilutions) were used to evaluate their effect on germination, sporulation and vegetative growth rates of native strains of Bb. A total of 1440 mites (720 nymphs and 720 adults) were divided into three-treated group (TGs) and one control group (CG). In TGs, mites were exposed to Bb in combination with the selected EO (TG1), EO alone (TG2) or Bb (TG3) alone. In the CG, mites were exposed to 0.1% tween 80 plus EO solvent (CG). E. globulus and E. citriodora were toxic for Bb in concentrations higher than 0.2% and 0.003% respectively, whilst E. caryophyllata and T. vulgaris were toxic at all concentrations tested against Bb. Based on the results of the toxicity assays against Bb, E. globulus was chosen to be tested as acaricide resulting non-toxic for Bb at concentration lower than 0.4%. Increased mortality of D. gallinae adults was recorded in TG1 than those in other TGs from 4days post-infection (T+4DPI). A 100% mortality of D. gallinae was recorded in adults at T+9DPI and at T+10DPI in nymphs in TG1 and later than T+11DPI in the other TGs. Used in combination with E. globulus, Bb displayed an earlier acaricidal effect towards both haematophagous D. gallinae stages. The combination of B. bassiana and E. globulus at 0.2% might be used for controlling arthropods of medical and veterinary importance as D. gallinae.

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Variation in chemical composition and acaricidal activity against Dermanyssus gallinae of four eucalyptus essential oils.

Autores: David R George, Dino Masic, Olivier A E Sparagano, Jonathan H Guy | Ano: 2009 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The results of this study suggest that certain eucalyptus essential oils may be of use as an alternative to synthetic acaricides in the management of the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae. At a level of 0.21 mg/cm(2), the essential oil from Eucalyptus citriodora achieved 85% mortality in D. gallinae over a 24 h exposure period in contact toxicity tests. A further two essential oils from different eucalyptus species, namely E. globulus and E. radiata, provided significantly (P < 0.05) lower mite mortality (11 and 19%, respectively). Notable differences were found between the eucalyptus essential oils regarding their chemical compositions. There appeared to be a trend whereby the essential oils that were composed of the fewer chemical components were the least lethal to D. gallinae. It may therefore be the case that the complexity of an essential oil's chemical make up plays an important role in dictating the toxicity of that oil to pests such as D. gallinae.

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Allelopathic Effect of Eucalyptus citriodora Essential Oil and Its Potential Use as Bioherbicide.

Autores: Sara Benchaa, Mohamed Hazzit, Hacène Abdelkrim | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The current study aimed to evaluate the negative allelopathic effect of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil on some of the most noxious weeds in Algeria (Sinapis arvensis, Sonchus oleraceus, Xanthium strumarium and Avena fatua). Gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS) were used to define the chemical composition of the oil. Citronellal (64.7%) and citronellol (10.9%) were the major essential oil compounds. Three concentrations of the oil were used for laboratory (0.01, 0.02 and 0.03%) and greenhouse (1, 2 and 3%) experiments. Seed germination and seedling's growth were drastically reduced in response to the oil concentrations where at 0.01 and 0.02% the oil drastically affects the seed germination of the tested weeds and at 0.03% the oil suppresses completely the germination of S. arvensis. The oil also exhibited strong allelopathic effect on the 3 - 4 leaf-stage plants 1 and 6 days after treatment. A completely death of S. arvensis, S. oleraceus and A. fatua and severe injuries on X. strumarium appeared at 3% of the oil. Chlorophyll content and membrane integrity were significantly affected after treatment of the plant weeds representing a severe reduction in total chlorophyll and cell membrane disruption. The study concludes that E. citriodora essential oil might has the potential use as bioherbicide and can constitute an alternative process of weed control.

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Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus.

Autores: Jeane Silva, Worku Abebe, S M Sousa, V G Duarte, M I L Machado, F J A Matos | Ano: 2003 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Many species of the genus Eucalyptus from the Myrtaceae family are used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of various medical conditions such as cold, flue, fever, and bronchial infections. In the current investigation, we evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil extracts from three species of Eucalyptus employing various standard experimental test models. Using acetic acid-induced writhes in mice and hot plate thermal stimulation in rats, it was shown that the essential oils of Eucalyptus citriodora (EC), Eucalyptus tereticornis (ET), and Eucalyptus globulus (EG) induced analgesic effects in both models, suggesting peripheral and central actions. In addition, essential oil extracts from the three Eucalyptus species produced anti-inflammatory effects, as demonstrated by inhibition of rat paw edema induced by carrageenan and dextran, neutrophil migration into rat peritoneal cavities induced by carrageenan, and vascular permeability induced by carrageenan and histamine. However, no consistent results were observed for some of the parameters evaluated, both in terms of activities and dose-response relationships, reflecting the complex nature of the oil extracts and/or the assay systems used. Taken together, the data suggest that essential oil extracts of EC, ET, and EG possess central and peripheral analgesic effects as well as neutrophil-dependent and independent anti-inflammatory activities. These initial observations provide support for the reported use of the eucalyptus plant in Brazilian folk medicine. Further investigation is warranted for possible development of new classes of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs from components of the essential oils of the Eucalyptus species.

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Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus.

Autores: Jeane Silva, Worku Abebe, S M Sousa, V G Duarte, M I L Machado, F J A Matos | Ano: 2003 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Many species of the genus Eucalyptus from the Myrtaceae family are used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of various medical conditions such as cold, flue, fever, and bronchial infections. In the current investigation, we evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil extracts from three species of Eucalyptus employing various standard experimental test models. Using acetic acid-induced writhes in mice and hot plate thermal stimulation in rats, it was shown that the essential oils of Eucalyptus citriodora (EC), Eucalyptus tereticornis (ET), and Eucalyptus globulus (EG) induced analgesic effects in both models, suggesting peripheral and central actions. In addition, essential oil extracts from the three Eucalyptus species produced anti-inflammatory effects, as demonstrated by inhibition of rat paw edema induced by carrageenan and dextran, neutrophil migration into rat peritoneal cavities induced by carrageenan, and vascular permeability induced by carrageenan and histamine. However, no consistent results were observed for some of the parameters evaluated, both in terms of activities and dose-response relationships, reflecting the complex nature of the oil extracts and/or the assay systems used. Taken together, the data suggest that essential oil extracts of EC, ET, and EG possess central and peripheral analgesic effects as well as neutrophil-dependent and independent anti-inflammatory activities. These initial observations provide support for the reported use of the eucalyptus plant in Brazilian folk medicine. Further investigation is warranted for possible development of new classes of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs from components of the essential oils of the Eucalyptus species.

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Conclusão: N/A

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus.

Autores: Jeane Silva, Worku Abebe, S M Sousa, V G Duarte, M I L Machado, F J A Matos | Ano: 2003 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Many species of the genus Eucalyptus from the Myrtaceae family are used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of various medical conditions such as cold, flue, fever, and bronchial infections. In the current investigation, we evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil extracts from three species of Eucalyptus employing various standard experimental test models. Using acetic acid-induced writhes in mice and hot plate thermal stimulation in rats, it was shown that the essential oils of Eucalyptus citriodora (EC), Eucalyptus tereticornis (ET), and Eucalyptus globulus (EG) induced analgesic effects in both models, suggesting peripheral and central actions. In addition, essential oil extracts from the three Eucalyptus species produced anti-inflammatory effects, as demonstrated by inhibition of rat paw edema induced by carrageenan and dextran, neutrophil migration into rat peritoneal cavities induced by carrageenan, and vascular permeability induced by carrageenan and histamine. However, no consistent results were observed for some of the parameters evaluated, both in terms of activities and dose-response relationships, reflecting the complex nature of the oil extracts and/or the assay systems used. Taken together, the data suggest that essential oil extracts of EC, ET, and EG possess central and peripheral analgesic effects as well as neutrophil-dependent and independent anti-inflammatory activities. These initial observations provide support for the reported use of the eucalyptus plant in Brazilian folk medicine. Further investigation is warranted for possible development of new classes of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs from components of the essential oils of the Eucalyptus species.

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Phytochemical composition of Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus citriodora essential oils and their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties on Wistar rats.

Autores: Joachin D Gbenou, Judith F Ahounou, Huguette B Akakpo, Anatole Laleye, Eléonore Yayi, Fernand Gbaguidi, Lamine Baba-Moussa, Raphael Darboux, Pierre Dansou, Mansourou Moudachirou, Simeon O Kotchoni | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus citriodora are widely used herbs/plants as a source of ethnomedicines in tropical regions of the world. In this work, we studied the anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective effects of C. citratus and E. citriodora essential oils on formol-induced edema, and acetic acid induced abdominal cramps in Wistar rats. To fully understand the chemically induced anti-inflammatory properties of these plants, we first analyzed the chemical composition of the essential oils. A total of 16 chemical constituents accounting for 93.69 % of the oil, were identified in C. citratus among which, Geranial (27.04 %), neral (19.93 %) and myrcene (27.04 %) were the major constituents. For E. citriodora, 19 compounds representing 97.2 % of the extracted oil were identified. The dominant compound of E. citriodora essential oil was citronellal (83.50 %). In vivo analysis and histological assay showed that the two essential oils displayed significant dose dependent edema inhibition effect over time. They displayed strong analgesic and antipyretic properties similar to that induced by 50 mg/kg of acetylsalicylate of lysine. However, the E. citriodora essential oil was more effective than that of C. citratus. We identified significant numbers of aldehyde molecules in both essential oils mediating antioxidant activity that may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects observed on the rats. Altogether, this work demonstrates the anti-inflammatory property of C. citratus and E. citriodora suggesting their potential role as adjuvant therapeutic alternatives in dealing with inflammatory-related diseases.

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Antifungal activity of the volatile oil of Eucalyptus citriodora.

Autores: Hesamedin Ramezani, H P Singh, D R Batish, R K Kohli | Ano: 2002 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The volatile oil extracted from the leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora showed a wide spectrum of antifungal activity.

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Analysis of phytochemical constituents of Eucalyptus citriodora L. responsible for antifungal activity against post-harvest fungi.

Autores: S Javed, A Shoaib, Z Mahmood, S Mushtaq, S Iftikhar | Ano: 2012 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In vitro antifungal activity and phytochemical constituents of essential oil, aqueous, methanol and chloroform extract of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook leaves were investigated. A qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed for the detection of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, sterols, tannins and phenols. Methanolic extract holds all identified biochemical constituents except for the tannin. While these biochemical constituents were found to be absent in essential oil, aqueous and chloroform extracts with the exception of sterols, cardiac glycosides and phenols in essential oil and sterols and phenols in aqueous and chloroform extracts. Antimycotic activity of four fractions of E. citriodora was investigated through agar-well diffusion method against four post-harvest fungi, namely, Aspergillus flavus Link ex Gray, Aspergillus fumigatus Fres., Aspergillus nidulans Eidam ex Win and Aspergillus terreus Thom. The results revealed maximum fungal growth inhibition by methanolic extract (14.5%) followed by essential oil (12.9%), chloroform extract (10.15%) and aqueous extract (10%).

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Antifungal Effect of Essential Oils against Fusarium Keratitis Isolates.

Autores: Mónika Homa, Ildikó Pálma Fekete, Andrea Böszörményi, Yendrembam Randhir Babu Singh, Kanesan Panneer Selvam, Coimbatore Subramanian Shobana, Palanisamy Manikandan, László Kredics, Csaba Vágvölgyi, László Galgóczy | Ano: 2015 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The present study was carried out to investigate the antifungal effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Citrus limon, Juniperus communis, Eucalyptus citriodora, Gaultheria procumbens, Melaleuca alternifolia, Origanum majorana, Salvia sclarea, and Thymus vulgaris essential oils against Fusarium species, the most common etiologic agents of filamentous fungal keratitis in South India. C. zeylanicum essential oil showed strong anti-Fusarium activity, whereas all the other tested essential oils proved to be less effective. The main component of C. zeylanicum essential oil, trans-cinnamaldehyde, was also tested and showed a similar effect as the oil. The in vitro interaction between trans-cinnamaldehyde and natamycin, the first-line therapeutic agent of Fusarium keratitis, was also investigated; an enhanced fungal growth inhibition was observed when these agents were applied in combination. Light and fluorescent microscopic observations revealed that C. zeylanicum essential oil/trans-cinnamaldehyde reduces the cellular metabolism and inhibits the conidia germination. Furthermore, necrotic events were significantly more frequent in the presence of these two compounds. According to our results, C. zeylanicum essential oil/trans-cinnamaldehyde provides a promising basis to develop a novel strategy for the treatment of Fusarium keratitis.

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Analysis of phytochemical constituents of Eucalyptus citriodora L. responsible for antifungal activity against post-harvest fungi.

Autores: S Javed, A Shoaib, Z Mahmood, S Mushtaq, S Iftikhar | Ano: 2012 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In vitro antifungal activity and phytochemical constituents of essential oil, aqueous, methanol and chloroform extract of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook leaves were investigated. A qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed for the detection of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, sterols, tannins and phenols. Methanolic extract holds all identified biochemical constituents except for the tannin. While these biochemical constituents were found to be absent in essential oil, aqueous and chloroform extracts with the exception of sterols, cardiac glycosides and phenols in essential oil and sterols and phenols in aqueous and chloroform extracts. Antimycotic activity of four fractions of E. citriodora was investigated through agar-well diffusion method against four post-harvest fungi, namely, Aspergillus flavus Link ex Gray, Aspergillus fumigatus Fres., Aspergillus nidulans Eidam ex Win and Aspergillus terreus Thom. The results revealed maximum fungal growth inhibition by methanolic extract (14.5%) followed by essential oil (12.9%), chloroform extract (10.15%) and aqueous extract (10%).

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Conclusão: N/A

Analysis of phytochemical constituents of Eucalyptus citriodora L. responsible for antifungal activity against post-harvest fungi.

Autores: S Javed, A Shoaib, Z Mahmood, S Mushtaq, S Iftikhar | Ano: 2012 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In vitro antifungal activity and phytochemical constituents of essential oil, aqueous, methanol and chloroform extract of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook leaves were investigated. A qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed for the detection of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, sterols, tannins and phenols. Methanolic extract holds all identified biochemical constituents except for the tannin. While these biochemical constituents were found to be absent in essential oil, aqueous and chloroform extracts with the exception of sterols, cardiac glycosides and phenols in essential oil and sterols and phenols in aqueous and chloroform extracts. Antimycotic activity of four fractions of E. citriodora was investigated through agar-well diffusion method against four post-harvest fungi, namely, Aspergillus flavus Link ex Gray, Aspergillus fumigatus Fres., Aspergillus nidulans Eidam ex Win and Aspergillus terreus Thom. The results revealed maximum fungal growth inhibition by methanolic extract (14.5%) followed by essential oil (12.9%), chloroform extract (10.15%) and aqueous extract (10%).

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Conclusão: N/A

Chemical Composition and in-Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from Seven Eucalyptus Species.

Autores: Abdul Ghaffar, Muhammad Yameen, Shumaila Kiran, Shagufta Kamal, Fatima Jalal, Bushra Munir, Sadaf Saleem, Naila Rafiq, Aftab Ahmad, Iram Saba, Abdul Jabbar | Ano: 2015 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Eucalyptus is well reputed for its use as medicinal plant around the globe. The present study was planned to evaluate chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oils (EOs) extracted from seven Eucalyptus species frequently found in South East Asia (Pakistan). EOs from Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus melanophloia, Eucalyptus crebra, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus microtheca were extracted from leaves through hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the EOs was determined through GC-MS-FID analysis. The study revealed presence of 31 compounds in E. citriodora and E. melanophloia, 27 compounds in E. crebra, 24 compounds in E. tereticornis, 10 compounds in E. globulus, 13 compounds in E. camaldulensis and 12 compounds in E. microtheca. 1,8-Cineole (56.5%), α-pinene (31.4%), citrinyl acetate (13.3%), eugenol (11.8%) and terpenene-4-ol (10.2%) were the highest principal components in these EOs. E. citriodora exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against the five microbial species tested (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus solani). Gram positive bacteria were found more sensitive than Gram negative bacteria to all EOs. The diphenyl-1-picrylhydazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and percentage inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation were highest in E. citriodora (82.1% and 83.8%, respectively) followed by E. camaldulensis (81.9% and 83.3%, respectively). The great variation in chemical composition of EOs from Eucalyptus, highlight its potential for medicinal and nutraceutical applications.

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Airborne antituberculosis activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil.

Autores: René F Ramos Alvarenga, Baojie Wan, Taichi Inui, Scott G Franzblau, Guido F Pauli, Birgit U Jaki | Ano: 2014 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The rapid emergence of multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/XDR-TB) has created a pressing public health problem, which mostly affects regions with HIV/AIDS prevalence and represents a new constraint in the already challenging disease management of tuberculosis (TB). The present work responds to the need to reduce the number of contagious MDR/XRD-TB patients, protect their immediate environment, and interrupt the rapid spread by laying the groundwork for an inhalation therapy based on anti-TB-active constituents of the essential oil (EO) of Eucalyptus citriodora. In order to address the metabolomic complexity of EO constituents and active principles in botanicals, this study applied biochemometrics, a 3-D analytical approach that involves high-resolution CCC fractionation, GC-MS analysis, bioactivity measurements, and chemometric analysis. Thus, 32 airborne anti-TB-active compounds were identified in E. citriodora EO: the monoterpenes citronellol (1), linalool (3), isopulegol (5), and α-terpineol (7) and the sesquiterpenoids spathulenol (11), β-eudesmol (23), and τ-cadinol (25). The impact of the interaction of multiple components in EOs was studied using various artificial mixtures (AMxs) of the active monoterpenes 1, 2, and 5 and the inactive eucalyptol (33). Both neat 1 and the AMx containing 1, 2, and 33 showed airborne TB inhibition of >90%, while the major E. citriodora EO component, 2, was only weakly active, at 18% inhibition.

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Antifungal activity of poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles incorporated with Eucalyptus essential oils against Hemileia vastatrix.

Autores: A R S Caetano, M G Cardoso, M L V Resende, S M Chalfuon, M A Martins, H G Gomes, M E R Andrade, R M Brandão, G A Campolina, D L Nelson, J E de Oliveira | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Coffee (Coffea L.) is one of the main crops produced globally. Its contamination by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix Berkeley and Broome has been economically detrimental for producers. The objective of this work was to extract and characterize the essential oils from Eucalyptus citriodora Hook, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn and Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, produce and characterize nanoparticles containing these essential oils and evaluate the in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity of free and nanoencapsulated essential oils. The principal constituent of the essential oil from E. citriodora was citronellal; that from E. grandis was α-pinene; and that from E. camaldulensis was 1,8-cineol. The in vitro antifungal activity against the fungus H. vastatrix was 100% at a concentration of 1000 μl l-1 for all the oils and nanoparticles containing these natural products. The sizes of the nanoparticles produced with the essential oils from E. citriodora, E. camaldulensis and E. grandis were 402·13 nm, 275·33 nm and 328·5 nm, respectively, with surface charges of -11·8 mV, -9·24 mV and - 6·76 mV, respectively. Fourier transform infrared analyses proved that the encapsulation of essential oils occurred in the polymeric matrix of poly(ε-caprolactone). The incorporation of essential oils into biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles increased their efficiency as biofungicides in the fight against coffee rust, decreasing the severity of the disease by up to 90·75% after treatment with the nanoparticles containing the essential oil from E. grandis.

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Chemical Composition and in-Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from Seven Eucalyptus Species.

Autores: Abdul Ghaffar, Muhammad Yameen, Shumaila Kiran, Shagufta Kamal, Fatima Jalal, Bushra Munir, Sadaf Saleem, Naila Rafiq, Aftab Ahmad, Iram Saba, Abdul Jabbar | Ano: 2015 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Eucalyptus is well reputed for its use as medicinal plant around the globe. The present study was planned to evaluate chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oils (EOs) extracted from seven Eucalyptus species frequently found in South East Asia (Pakistan). EOs from Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus melanophloia, Eucalyptus crebra, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus microtheca were extracted from leaves through hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the EOs was determined through GC-MS-FID analysis. The study revealed presence of 31 compounds in E. citriodora and E. melanophloia, 27 compounds in E. crebra, 24 compounds in E. tereticornis, 10 compounds in E. globulus, 13 compounds in E. camaldulensis and 12 compounds in E. microtheca. 1,8-Cineole (56.5%), α-pinene (31.4%), citrinyl acetate (13.3%), eugenol (11.8%) and terpenene-4-ol (10.2%) were the highest principal components in these EOs. E. citriodora exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against the five microbial species tested (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus solani). Gram positive bacteria were found more sensitive than Gram negative bacteria to all EOs. The diphenyl-1-picrylhydazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and percentage inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation were highest in E. citriodora (82.1% and 83.8%, respectively) followed by E. camaldulensis (81.9% and 83.3%, respectively). The great variation in chemical composition of EOs from Eucalyptus, highlight its potential for medicinal and nutraceutical applications.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Airborne antituberculosis activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil.

Autores: René F Ramos Alvarenga, Baojie Wan, Taichi Inui, Scott G Franzblau, Guido F Pauli, Birgit U Jaki | Ano: 2014 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The rapid emergence of multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/XDR-TB) has created a pressing public health problem, which mostly affects regions with HIV/AIDS prevalence and represents a new constraint in the already challenging disease management of tuberculosis (TB). The present work responds to the need to reduce the number of contagious MDR/XRD-TB patients, protect their immediate environment, and interrupt the rapid spread by laying the groundwork for an inhalation therapy based on anti-TB-active constituents of the essential oil (EO) of Eucalyptus citriodora. In order to address the metabolomic complexity of EO constituents and active principles in botanicals, this study applied biochemometrics, a 3-D analytical approach that involves high-resolution CCC fractionation, GC-MS analysis, bioactivity measurements, and chemometric analysis. Thus, 32 airborne anti-TB-active compounds were identified in E. citriodora EO: the monoterpenes citronellol (1), linalool (3), isopulegol (5), and α-terpineol (7) and the sesquiterpenoids spathulenol (11), β-eudesmol (23), and τ-cadinol (25). The impact of the interaction of multiple components in EOs was studied using various artificial mixtures (AMxs) of the active monoterpenes 1, 2, and 5 and the inactive eucalyptol (33). Both neat 1 and the AMx containing 1, 2, and 33 showed airborne TB inhibition of >90%, while the major E. citriodora EO component, 2, was only weakly active, at 18% inhibition.

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Composição química e atividade alelopática do óleo essencial de eucalipto/ Chemical composition and allelopathic activity of the eucalyptus essential oil

Autores: Tomaz, Marcelo Antonio; Costa, Adilson Vidal; Rodrigues, Wagner Nunes; Pinheiro, Patrícia Fontes; Parreira, Luciana Alves; Rinaldo, Daniel; Queiroz, Vagner Tebaldi de | Ano: 2014 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Os óleos essenciais constituem um tipo de metabólito secundário de grande importância econômica e estão sendo cada vez mais estudados e utilizados como potentes inibidores de sementes e do crescimento de diversas plantas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo a análise química qualitativa e quantitativa bem como a avaliação da atividade alelopática do óleo essencial extraído das folhas frescas de eucalipto (Eucalyptus citriodora) sobre a germinação e o desenvolvimento radicular das sementes de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L.) e pepino (Cucumis sativus L.), cultivados em placa de Petri. O óleo essencial foi obtido por hidrodestilação, utilizando um aparelho tipo Clevenger, e analisado por cromatografia em fase gasosa com detector de ionização de chama e espectrometria de massas. Foi possível identificar doze constituintes químicos correspondendo a 97,69%, com predominância dos monoterpenos oxigenados citronelal (64,92%) e iso-isopulegol (10,20%) e do citronelol (8,25%). Os ensaios biológicos utilizando o óleo essencial mostraram que o mesmo apresenta efeito alelopático, prejudicando a germinação e o desenvolvimento da radícula das sementes de sorgo e pepino, sendo a redução da germinação mais pronunciada no sorgo, e que o aumento da concentração do óleo leva a uma redução linear na capacidade germinativa e no desenvolvimento da radícula.

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Anthelmintic activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil and its major component, citronellal, on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes.

Autores: José Vilemar de Araújo-Filho, Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro, Weibson Paz Pinheiro André, Géssica Soares Cavalcante, Thays Tabosa Rios, Gabriela Maria Schwinden, Letícia Oliveira da Rocha, Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo, Selene Maia de Morais, Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua, Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil and citronellal on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. Essential oil composition was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The substances were evaluated in vitro using adult worm motility test (AWMT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The acute toxicity test in mice and the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in sheep were performed. Citronellal was confirmed as the essential oil major constituent (63.9%). According to the AWMT, 2 mg/mL of essential oil and citronellal completely inhibited Haemonchus contortus motility at 6 h post exposure. H. contortus exposed to essential oil and citronellal exhibited internal ultrastructural modifications. The lethal dose 50 values in mice were 5,000 and 2,609 mg/kg for essential oil and citronellal, respectively. E. citriodora essential oil reduced sheep epg at 14 days post treatment by 69.5% (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in epg between the citronellal and negative control groups (P>0.05). The interaction between citronellal and other constituents in the essential oil may be relevant for its in vivo anthelmintic activity. Thus, E. citriodora essential oil and citronellal pharmacokinetic studies may help elucidate the anthelmintic activity of these compounds.

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Evaluation of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil on goat gastrointestinal nematodes.

Autores: Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo, Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua, Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira, Ana Lourdes Fernandes Camurça-Vasconcelos, Luiz da Silva Vieira, Sthenia Dos Santos Albano Amóra | Ano: 2011 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Phytotherapy may be an alternative strategy for controlling gastrointestinal parasites. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (EcEO). The in vitro effects of EcEO were determined through testing the inhibition of egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus. EcEO was subjected to acute toxicity testing on mice, orally and intraperitoneally. The in vivo effects of EcEO were determined by the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in goats infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The results showed that 5.3 mg.mL(-1) EcEO inhibited egg hatching by 98.8% and 10.6 mg.mL(-1) EcEO inhibited H. contortus larval development by 99.71%. The lethal doses for 50% of the mice were 4153 and 622.8 mg.kg(-1), for acute toxicity orally and intraperitoneally. In the FECRT, the efficacy of EcEO and ivermectin was 66.25 and 79.16% respectively, on goat gastrointestinal nematodes eight days after treatment. EcEO showed in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity.

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Evaluation of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil on goat gastrointestinal nematodes/ Avaliação do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus citriodora sobre nematóides gastrintestinais de caprinos

Autores: Macedo, Iara Tersia Freitas; Bevilaqua, Claudia Maria Leal; Oliveira, Lorena Mayana Beserra de; Camurça-Vasconcelos, Ana Lourdes Fernandes; Vieira, Luiz da Silva; Amóra, Sthenia dos Santos Albano | Ano: 2011 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Phytotherapy may be an alternative strategy for controlling gastrointestinal parasites. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (EcEO). The in vitro effects of EcEO were determined through testing the inhibition of egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus. EcEO was subjected to acute toxicity testing on mice, orally and intraperitoneally. The in vivo effects of EcEO were determined by the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in goats infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The results showed that 5.3 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited egg hatching by 98.8 percent and 10.6 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited H. contortus larval development by 99.71 percent. The lethal doses for 50 percent of the mice were 4153 and 622.8 mg.kg-1, for acute toxicity orally and intraperitoneally. In the FECRT, the efficacy of EcEO and ivermectin was 66.25 and 79.16 percent respectively, on goat gastrointestinal nematodes eight days after treatment. EcEO showed in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity.

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Anthelmintic activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil and its major component, citronellal, on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes/ Atividade anti-helmíntica do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus citriodora e seu componente majoritário, citronelal, sobre nematoides gastrintestinais de ovinos

Autores: Araújo-Filho, José Vilemar de; Ribeiro, Wesley Lyeverton Correia; André, Weibson Paz Pinheiro; Cavalcante, Géssica Soares; Rios, Thays Tabosa; Schwinden, Gabriela Maria; Rocha, Letícia Oliveira da; Macedo, Iara Tersia Freitas; Morais, Selene Maia de; Bevilaqua, Claudia Maria Leal; Oliveira, Lorena Mayana Beserra de | Ano: 2019 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil and citronellal on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. Essential oil composition was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The substances were evaluated in vitro using adult worm motility test (AWMT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The acute toxicity test in mice and the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in sheep were performed. Citronellal was confirmed as the essential oil major constituent (63.9%). According to the AWMT, 2 mg/mL of essential oil and citronellal completely inhibited Haemonchus contortus motility at 6 h post exposure. H. contortus exposed to essential oil and citronellal exhibited internal ultrastructural modifications. The lethal dose 50 values in mice were 5,000 and 2,609 mg/kg for essential oil and citronellal, respectively. E. citriodora essential oil reduced sheep epg at 14 days post treatment by 69.5% (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in epg between the citronellal and negative control groups (P>0.05). The interaction between citronellal and other constituents in the essential oil may be relevant for its in vivo anthelmintic activity. Thus, E. citriodora essential oil and citronellal pharmacokinetic studies may help elucidate the anthelmintic activity of these compounds.

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Correlation between chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of some aromatic medicinal plants growing in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Autores: K Cimanga, K Kambu, L Tona, S Apers, T De Bruyne, N Hermans, J Totté, L Pieters, A J Vlietinck | Ano: 2002 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The chemical composition of essential oils from 15 aromatic medicinal plant species growing in the Democratic Republic of Congo have been studied. More than 15 constituents in an amount higher than 0.1% were identified in each essential oil. 1,8-cineole, alpha and beta-pinene, p-cymene, myrcene, gamma-terpinene, alpha-terpineol and limonene were prevalent constituents in almost more than 10 selected plant species. Results from the antibacterial testing by the diffusion method indicate that all essential oils (5 microl per disc) inhibited the growth of selected bacteria at different extents. The most active antibacterial essential oils were those of the leaves of Eucalyptus camadulensis and Eucalyptus terticornis (12-30 mm zone diameter of inhibition). They showed particularly a most potent inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth (15-16 mm), followed by Eucalyptus robusta (12 mm). Essential oils from the leaves of Eucalyptus alba, Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus deglupta, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus robusta, Aframomum stipulatum, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum americanum and that of the seeds of Monodora myristica showed also a good antibacterial activity (10-18 mm). Eucalyptus propinqua, Eucalyptus urophylla and Ocimum gratissimum essential oils were the less active samples against the selected bacteria. No correlation between the amount of major constituents such as 1,8-cineol, alpha-pinene, p-cymene, cryptone or thymol and the antibacterial activity was observed.

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Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oils against Vibrio campbellii and Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Autores: Xiaoting Zheng, Adam F Feyaerts, Patrick Van Dijck, Peter Bossier | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Vibriosis, caused by Vibrio strains, is an important bacterial disease and capable of causing significant high mortality in aquatic animals. Essential oils (EOs) have been considered as an alternative approach for the treatment of aquatic bacterial diseases. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of essential oils (n = 22) or essential oil components (EOCs, n = 12) against Vibrio strains belonging to the harveyi clade. It was verified by three different approaches, e.g., (i) a bacterial growth assay, comparing Vibrio growth with or without EO(C)s at various concentrations; (ii) a vapor-phase-mediated susceptibility assay, comparing the effect of EO(C)s on bacterial growth through the vapor phase; and (iii) a quorum sensing-inhibitory assay, based on specific inhibition of quorum sensing-regulated bioluminescence. The results showed that, in the bacterial growth assay, EOs of Melaleuca alternifolia and Litsea citrata at 0.0001%, Eucalyptus citriodora at 0.01% can inhibit the growth of Vibrio campbellii BB120. These EOs can also prevent the growth of V. parahaemolyticus strains but need to be present at a higher concentration (0.1%). Moreover, in the vapor-phase-mediated susceptibility assay, EOs of M. alternifolia, L. citrata and E. citriodora can inhibit the growth of V. campbellii BB120 through their vapor phase. However, V. parahaemolyticus strains (CAIM170, LMG2850 and MO904) cannot be inhibited by these EOs. Additionally, in the quorum sensing-inhibitory assay, EOs of Mentha pulegium, Cuminum cyminum, Zingiber officinalis, and E. citriodora, all at 0.001%, have quorum sensing-inhibitory activity in V. campbellii BB120. Taken together, our study provides substantial evidence that usage of the major components, individually or in combination, of the tested commercial EOs (extracted from M. alternifolia, L. citrata, and E. citriodora) could be a promising approach to control V. campbellii BB120.

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Anticandidial activity of some essential oils of a mega biodiversity hotspot in India.

Autores: B K Dutta, S Karmakar, A Naglot, J C Aich, M Begam | Ano: 2007 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Six essential oils viz. Eucalyptus citriodora, Cymbopogon citratus, Callistemon lanceolatus, Cinnamomum camphora, Citrus limon, Tagetes petula, as well as two standard antibiotics, miconazole and clotrimazole, were tested in vitro for their anticandidial activity. All these essential oils exhibited higher activity than the two synthetic antibiotics. Highest zone of inhibition was recorded in E. citriodora (8.50 mm microl-1) followed by C. lanceolatus (5.63 mm microl-1) establishing their promising anticandidial potential.

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Antifungal activity of the volatile oil of Eucalyptus citriodora.

Autores: Hesamedin Ramezani, H P Singh, D R Batish, R K Kohli | Ano: 2002 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The volatile oil extracted from the leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora showed a wide spectrum of antifungal activity.

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Avaliação in vitro da atividade de óleos essenciais sobre Candida albicans e seus fatores de virulência/ Antifungal in vitro evaluation of essential oils activity against Candida albicans

Autores: Araújo, André Luis Monteiro | Ano: 2015 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade in vitro dos óleos essenciais de Eucalyptus citriodora Hooker, Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Eugenia caryophyllus Sprengel, Melaleuca alternifolia Chell e Thymus vulgaris Linneaus sobre C. albicans. Em doses subinibitórias avaliar a formação de tubo germinativo e clamidoconídeo, a produção de exoenzimas proteinase e fosfolipase e a produção de franjas. Foram utilizadaos 16 isolados e duas cepas padrão de C. albicans. ATCC (60193 e 900028) Para a avaliação da atividade antifúngica e obtenção da concentração fungicida mínima (CFM) utilizou-se a técnica de microdiluição em caldo, em meio RPMI 1640, com Tween-20 a 0,02%. E a confirmação da inibição em Agar Sabouraud dextrose, a 37°C por 24 hs. Para a avaliação da sensibilidade ao fluconazole e voriconazol foi utilizado o teste comercial Etest®. Todos os óleos esseciais apresentaram atividade inibitória sobre C. albicans. Para cada óleo essencial foram encontrados os seguintes resultados de CFM50 e CFM90: E. citriodora CFM50 de 87,89μg/mL e CFM90 de 175,78μg/m; E. globulus CFM50 de 703,12μg/mL e CFM90 de 5625μg/mL; E. caryophyllus CFM50 de 175,78μg/mL e CFM90 de 703,12μg/mL; M. alternifolia CFM50 de 1406,50μg/mL e CFM90 de 2812,50μg/mL; T. vulgaris CFM50 de 87,89 a 175,78μg/mL e CFM90 de 351,56μg/mL. A CIM50 para fluconazol foi de 0,125μg/mL e CFM90 de 0,5μg/mL e para voriconazol foi CIM50 de 0,012 e CFM90 de 0,016μg/mL. Com excessão do óleo essencial de M. alternifolia, os óleos essenciais que alteraram a produção do tubo germinativo e clamidoconídios também alteraram a produção de franjas.Todos os óleos essenciais alteraram a produção das exoenzimas proteinase e fosfolipase de C.albicans. Pelo exposto e nas condições desse estudo conclui-se que os óleos essenciais de E. citriodora e T. vulgaris, apresentaram atividade fungicida com as menores concentrações inibitórias em relação aos óleos essenciais de, E. globulus E. caryophyllus e M. alternifoia sobre C.albicans

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Avaliação in vitro da atividade antifúngica de óleos essenciais sobre Cryptococcus neoformans/ Action of essential oils against Cryptococcus neoformans

Autores: Santos, Patricia de Souza | Ano: 2011 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Cryptococcus neoformans é uma levedura patogênica e o agente etiológico da criptococose, uma doença infecciosa cosmopolita que acomete o homem, animais domésticos e silvestres. A infecção ocorre por inalação das leveduras e a doença se manifesta com mais freqüência em pessoas e animais com baixa imunidade celular. C. neoformans, tem tropismo para o sistema nervoso central. O tratamento efetivo para a criptococose é a anfotericina B associada ou não a 5 –flucitosina apesar da alta toxicidade e nefrotoxicidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade in vitro dos óleos essenciais de Eucalyptus citriodora Hooker, Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Eugenia caryophyllus Sprengel, Melaleuca alternifolia Chell e Thymus vulgaris Linneaus e uma mistura de E. caryophyllus, M. alternifolia e T. vulgaris denominada Blend sobre C. neoformans. Em doses subinibitórias avaliar a produção de cápsula e de exoenzimas proteinase e fosfolipase. Foram utilizadas 21 isolados de origem humana, 29 isolados ambientais e uma cepa padrão de C. neoformans ICB 163 D (NIH 163D). Para a avaliação da atividade antifúngica e obtenção da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) utilizou-se a técnica de microdiluição em caldo, em meio RPMI 1640, com Tween-20 a 0,02% como emulsificador. E a confirmação da inibição em Agar Sabouraud dextrose, a 37°C por 48 hs com obtenção da concentração fungicida mínima (CFM). Para a avaliação da sensibilidade ao fluconazol utilizou-se microdiluição em caldo com meio RPMI 1640 e para a avaliação da sensibilidade a anfotericina B foi utilizado o teste comercial Etest®. Para cada óleo essencial foram encontrados os seguintes resultados de CFM50 e CFM90: E. citriodora CFM50 de 21,97 a 2812,5μg/mL e CFM90 de 703,12 a 2812,5μg/mL; E. globulus CFM50 de 175,78 a 703,12μg/mL e CFM90 de 703,12 a 2812,5μg/mL; E. caryophyllus CFM50 de 87,89 a 175,78μg/mL e CFM90 de 703,12μg/mL; M. alternifolia CFM50 de 11.250 a 45.000μg/mL e CFM90 de 45.000μg/mL; T...

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Antifungal activity of poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles incorporated with Eucalyptus essential oils against Hemileia vastatrix.

Autores: A R S Caetano, M G Cardoso, M L V Resende, S M Chalfuon, M A Martins, H G Gomes, M E R Andrade, R M Brandão, G A Campolina, D L Nelson, J E de Oliveira | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Coffee (Coffea L.) is one of the main crops produced globally. Its contamination by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix Berkeley and Broome has been economically detrimental for producers. The objective of this work was to extract and characterize the essential oils from Eucalyptus citriodora Hook, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn and Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, produce and characterize nanoparticles containing these essential oils and evaluate the in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity of free and nanoencapsulated essential oils. The principal constituent of the essential oil from E. citriodora was citronellal; that from E. grandis was α-pinene; and that from E. camaldulensis was 1,8-cineol. The in vitro antifungal activity against the fungus H. vastatrix was 100% at a concentration of 1000 μl l-1 for all the oils and nanoparticles containing these natural products. The sizes of the nanoparticles produced with the essential oils from E. citriodora, E. camaldulensis and E. grandis were 402·13 nm, 275·33 nm and 328·5 nm, respectively, with surface charges of -11·8 mV, -9·24 mV and - 6·76 mV, respectively. Fourier transform infrared analyses proved that the encapsulation of essential oils occurred in the polymeric matrix of poly(ε-caprolactone). The incorporation of essential oils into biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles increased their efficiency as biofungicides in the fight against coffee rust, decreasing the severity of the disease by up to 90·75% after treatment with the nanoparticles containing the essential oil from E. grandis.

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Atividade antifúngica de óleos essenciais sobre espécies de Candida/ Antifungal activity from essential oils on Candida species

Autores: Lima, Igara de Oliveira; Oliveira, Rinalda de Araújo Guerra; Lima, Edeltrudes de Oliveira; Farias, Nilma Maria Porto; Souza, Evandro Leite de | Ano: 2006 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: A candidíase apresenta-se como uma infecção fúngica superficial ou profunda causada por leveduras pertencentes ao gênero Candida, sendo considerada a principal infecção micótica em ambiente nosocomial. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a concentração inibitória mínima - CIM do óleo essencial de Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, Citrus limon Risso, Eucalyptus citriodora HK, Eugenia uniflora L., Peumus boldus Benth e de Rosmarinus officinialis L. sobre cepas de Candida albicans, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. stellatoidea e C. tropicalis. Os ensaios de atividade antifúngica foram realizados através da técnica de difusão em meio sólido. Os óleos essenciais de C. zeylanicum e P. boldus mostraram os mais destacáveis resultados, visto que inibiram o crescimento de 58 por cento das cepas ensaiadas e apresentaram CIM de 4 por cento.

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Sensitivity of mycobacteria to different species of Eucalyptus L'herit

Autores: Moreira, Raquel R. D; Anno, Ivone S; Leite, Clarice Q. F | Ano: 1997 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Sensitivity profile of 10 mycobacteria of clinical interest to eigth different species of Eucalyptus L'herit was studied. A proportion Method Indirect test was performed to detect resistant bacilli utilizing 5 and 10 mg/ml of essential oils incorporated to Lowestein-Jensen medium. Mycobaterium tuberculosis and other slow growing mycobacteria were more sensitive to essential oils than faster growing ones. The most effective essential oils, in decreasing order, were Eucalyptus citriodora. Eucalyptus maculata and Eucalyptus tereticornis.

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Identification of Essential Oils with Strong Activity against Stationary Phase Borrelia burgdorferi.

Autores: Jie Feng, Wanliang Shi, Judith Miklossy, Genevieve M Tauxe, Conor J McMeniman, Ying Zhang | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Lyme disease is the most common vector borne-disease in the United States (US). While the majority of the Lyme disease patients can be cured with 2⁻4 weeks antibiotic treatment, about 10⁻20% of patients continue to suffer from persisting symptoms. While the cause of this condition is unclear, persistent infection was proposed as one possibility. It has recently been shown that B. burgdorferi develops dormant persisters in stationary phase cultures that are not killed by the current Lyme antibiotics, and there is interest in identifying novel drug candidates that more effectively kill such forms. We previously identified some highly active essential oils with excellent activity against biofilm and stationary phase B. burgdorferi. Here, we screened another 35 essential oils and found 10 essential oils (Allium sativum L. bulbs, Pimenta officinalis Lindl. berries, Cuminum cyminum L. seeds, Cymbopogon martini var. motia Bruno grass, Commiphora myrrha (T. Nees) Engl. resin, Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. flowers, Amyris balsamifera L. wood, Thymus vulgaris L. leaves, Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. fruits, Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. leaves) and the active component of cinnamon bark cinnamaldehyde (CA) at a low concentration of 0.1% have strong activity against stationary phase B. burgdorferi. At a lower concentration of 0.05%, essential oils of Allium sativum L. bulbs, Pimenta officinalis Lindl. berries, Cymbopogon martini var. motia Bruno grass and CA still exhibited strong activity against the stationary phase B. burgdorferi. CA also showed strong activity against replicating B. burgdorferi, with a MIC of 0.02% (or 0.2 μg/mL). In subculture studies, the top five essential oil hits Allium sativum L. bulbs, Pimenta officinalis Lindl. berries, Commiphora myrrha (T. Nees) Engl. resin, Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. flowers, and Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. fruits completely eradicated all B. burgdorferi stationary phase cells at 0.1%, while Cymbopogon martini var. motia Bruno grass, Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. leaves, Amyris balsamifera L. wood, Cuminum cyminum L. seeds, and Thymus vulgaris L. leaves failed to do so as shown by visible spirochetal growth after 21-day subculture. At concentration of 0.05%, only Allium sativum L. bulbs essential oil and CA sterilized the B. burgdorferi stationary phase culture, as shown by no regrowth during subculture, while Pimenta officinalis Lindl. berries, Commiphora myrrha (T. Nees) Engl. resin, Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. flowers and Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. fruits essential oils all had visible growth during subculture. Future studies are needed to determine if these highly active essential oils could eradicate persistent B. burgdorferi infection in vivo.

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Phytotoxicity of volatile oil from Eucalyptus citriodora against some weedy species.

Autores: N Setia, D R Batish, H P Singh, R K Kohli | Ano: 2007 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: A study was undertaken to explore the phytotoxicity of volatile essential oil from Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. against some weeds viz. Bidens pilosa, Amaranthus viridis, Rumex nepalensis, and Leucaena leucocephala in order to assess its herbicidal activity. Dose-response studies conducted under laboratory conditions revealed that eucalypt oils (in concentration ranging from 0.0012 to 0.06%) greatly suppress the germination and seedling height of test weeds. At 0.06% eucalypt oil concentration, none of the seed of test weeds germinated. Among the weed species tested, A. viridis was found to be the most sensitive and its germination was completed inhibited even at 0.03%. Not only the germination and seedling growth, even the chlorophyll content and respiratory activity in leaves of emerged seedlings were severely affected. In A. viridis chlorophyll content and respiratory activity were reduced by over 51% and 71%, respectively, even at a very low concentration of 0.06%. These results indicated an adverse effect of eucalypt oils on the photosynthetic and energy metabolism of the test weeds. A strong negative correlation was observed between the observed effect and the concentration of eucalypt oil. Based on the study, it can be concluded that oil from E. citriodora possess strong inhibitory potential against weeds that could be exploited for weed management.

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Essential oils with insecticidal activity against larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

Autores: Sharon Smith Vera, Diego Fernando Zambrano, Stelia Carolina Méndez-Sanchez, Fernando Rodríguez-Sanabria, Elena E Stashenko, Jonny E Duque Luna | Ano: 2014 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Insecticidal activity of the essential oils (EOs) isolated from Tagetes lucida, Lippia alba, Lippia origanoides, Eucalyptus citriodora, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Citrus sinensis, Swinglea glutinosa, and Cananga odorata aromatic plants, grown in Colombia (Bucaramanga, Santander), and of a mixture of L. alba and L. origanoides EOs were evaluated on Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti Rockefeller larvae. The EOs were extracted by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main components of the EOs were identified using their linear retention indices and mass spectra. The lethal concentrations (LCs) of the EOs were determined between the third and fourth instar of A. aegypti. LC50 was determined by probit analysis using mortality rates of bioassays. All essential oils tested showed insecticidal activity. The following values were obtained for C. flexuosus (LC50 = 17.1 ppm); C. sinensis (LC50 = 20.6 ppm); the mixture of L. alba and L. origanoides (LC50 = 40.1 ppm); L. alba (LC50 = 42.2 ppm); C. odorata (LC50 = 52.9 ppm); L. origanoides (LC50 = 53.3 ppm); S. glutinosa (LC50 = 65.7 ppm); T. lucida (LC50 = 66.2 ppm); E. citriodora (LC50 = 71.2 ppm); and C. citratus (LC50 = 123.3 ppm). The EO from C. flexuosus, with citral (geranial + neral) as main component, showed the highest larvicidal activity.

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Efecto del aceite esencial de Eucalyptus citriodora sobre el metabolismo energético mitocondrial/ Essential oil Eucalyptus citriodora effect on mitochondrial energy metabolism/ Efeito do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus citriodora sobre o metabolismo energético mitocondrial

Autores: Vesga, Luis Carlos; Bueno, Yenny; Stashenko, Elena E; Mendez-Sanchez, Stelia C | Ano: 2014 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Con el fin de contribuir al conocimiento de su actividad a nivel celular, se evaluó el mecanismo de acción del aceite esencial de Eucalyptus citriodora (Fam. Myrtaceae) sobre la bioenergética mitocondrial, su efecto sobre la velocidad de consumo de oxígeno de mitocondrias energizadas (estados 3 y 4) y su coeficiente de control respiratorio (CCR). Además, se analizó la actividad de los complejos de la cadena respiratoria usando técnicas espectrofotométricas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el aceite esencial de E. citriodora aumenta la velocidad del consumo de oxígeno en los estados 3 y 4, disminuye el CCR, desacopla la fosforilación oxidativa, aumenta la actividad de la citocromo c oxidasa y aumenta la actividad ATPasa en mitocondrias íntegras, a partir de la concentración de 10 µg/mL. Estos resultados sugieren que el aceite esencial o sus metabolitos afectan el funcionamiento normal del transporte de electrones de la cadena respiratoria y la síntesis de ATP.

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Efeito acaricida de óleos essenciais e concentrados emulsionáveis de Eucalyptus spp em Boophilus microplus/ Acaricide effect of Eucalyptus spp essential oils and concentrated emulsion on Boophilus microplus

Autores: Chagas, Ana Carolina de Souza; Passos, Wanderley Mascarenhas; Prates, Hélio Teixeira; Leite, Romário Cerqueira; Furlong, John; Fortes, Isabel Cristina Pereira | Ano: 2002 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Realizou-se um estudo sobre a açäo biocida de Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus globulus e Eucalyptus staigeriana no carrapato Boophilus microplus, buscando-se a produçäo de acaricidas menos agressivos ao meio ambiente. Os óleos essenciais das três espécies e os concentrados emulsionáveis de E. globulus e E. staigeriana foram testados em cinco concentraçöes diferentes contra larvas e fêmeas ingurgitadas de B. microplus. Os óleos foram submetidos à análise por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG/EM), a fim de se investigar sua composiçäo. O citronelal é o principal componente do óleo de E. citriodora, sendo responsável por sua açäo acaricida. O mesmo ocorre com o 1,8-cineol em E. globulus. Em E. staigeriana existem várias substâncias que agem sinergicamente contra B. microplus. O óleo essencial de E. citriodora matou 100 por cento dos carrapatos a uma concentraçäo média de 17,5 por cento, o de E. globulus a 15 por cento e o de E. staigeriana a 12,5 por cento. Os concentrados emulsionáveis de E. globulus mataram 100 por cento dos carrapatos a uma concentraçäo média de 9,9 por cento e o de E. staigeriana a uma concentraçäo de 3,9 por cento. O desenvolvimento de produtos que possam ser testados a campo e comercializados a preços competitivos seräo passos a serem seguidos. Os biocarrapaticidas têm um apelo comercial grande, permitindo controlar B. microplus de um modo menos agressivo ao meio ambiente

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Acaricidal activity of the essential oils from Eucalyptus citriodora and Cymbopogon nardus on larvae of Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae) and Anocentor nitens (Acari: Ixodidae).

Autores: Mateus Aparecido Clemente, Caio Márcio de Oliveira Monteiro, Márcio Goldner Scoralik, Fernando Teixeira Gomes, Márcia Cristina de Azevedo Prata, Erik Daemon | Ano: 2010 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The present study evaluated the acaricidal activity of essential oils from Eucalyptus citriodora and Cymbopogon nardus on non-engorged larvae of Amblyomma cajennense and Anocentor nitens. In order to carry out the study, six groups were formed, each concentration being a treatment (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50%, respectively) and also with the creation of a control group (distilled water) and a positive control (Deltametrine). For each treatment, approximately 100 larvae of these ticks were placed onto filter papers (2 x 2 cm) impregnated with the concentrations used to test. Next, the envelopes were closed bearing inside the filter paper with measurements of 6 x 6 cm. For each group, six repetitions were performed, and after 24 h live and dead larvae were counted. This procedure was carried out for two essential oils on the two species of ticks. For A. cajennense, the acaricide efficacy of E. citriodora oil was of 10.8%, 35.3%, 34.5%, and 53.1%, whereas the efficacy of C. nardus was of 0.0%, 0.0%, 0.0%, and 61.1% at concentrations of 6.25%, 12.5%, 25.0%, and 50.0%, respectively. In relation to A. nitens, the acaricide efficacy of E. citriodora oil was of 20.1%, 84.5%, 89.2%, and 100.0%, whereas the efficacy of C. nardus was of 0.0%, 90.8%, 100.0%, and 100.0% at concentrations of 6.25%, 12.5%, 25.0%, and 50.0%, respectively. The results indicate that the essential oils tested showed a promising acaricidal activity mainly on A. nitens larvae.

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Evaluation of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil on goat gastrointestinal nematodes.

Autores: Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo, Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua, Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira, Ana Lourdes Fernandes Camurça-Vasconcelos, Luiz da Silva Vieira, Sthenia Dos Santos Albano Amóra | Ano: 2011 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Phytotherapy may be an alternative strategy for controlling gastrointestinal parasites. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (EcEO). The in vitro effects of EcEO were determined through testing the inhibition of egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus. EcEO was subjected to acute toxicity testing on mice, orally and intraperitoneally. The in vivo effects of EcEO were determined by the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in goats infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The results showed that 5.3 mg.mL(-1) EcEO inhibited egg hatching by 98.8% and 10.6 mg.mL(-1) EcEO inhibited H. contortus larval development by 99.71%. The lethal doses for 50% of the mice were 4153 and 622.8 mg.kg(-1), for acute toxicity orally and intraperitoneally. In the FECRT, the efficacy of EcEO and ivermectin was 66.25 and 79.16% respectively, on goat gastrointestinal nematodes eight days after treatment. EcEO showed in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity.

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Insecticidal action of synthetic girgensohnine analogues and essential oils on Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)/ Acción insecticida de análogos sintéticos de girgensohnina y de aceites esenciales sobre Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

Autores: Cuadros, Juliana; Carreño, Aurora L.; Kouznetsov, Vladimir V.; Duque, Jonny E. | Ano: 2017 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: ABSTRACT Introduction: The alkaloid girgensohnine has been used as a natural model in the synthesis of new alkaloid-like alpha-aminonitriles with insecticidal effect against disease vectors. Objective: To evaluate the biocide activity of girgensohnine analogues and essential oils of Cymbopogon flexuosus, Citrus sinensis and Eucalyptus citriodora in stage I and stage V Rhodnius prolixus nymphs. Materials and methods: We used a topical application model in tergites and sternites, as well as exposure to treated surfaces with different exploratory doses of each of the molecules and essential oils to determine the lethal doses (LD50 and LD95). Results: Analogue 3 showed the highest insecticidal activity with 83.3±16.7% of mortality when applied on tergites, 38.9±4.8% on sternites and 16.7±0% on treated surfaces in stage I nymphs at 72 hours (h) and 500 mg.L-1. In stage V nymphs, the compounds induced mortality only in sternums (11.1±9.6% for analogue 6 and 5.5±4.7% for analogues 3 and 7 at 72 h and 1500 mg.L-1). The lethal doses for molecule 3 on tergites in stage I nymphs were LD50 225.60 mg.L-1 and LD95 955.90 mg.L-1. The insecticidal effect of essential oils was observed only in stage I nymphs, with 11.1±4.8% for C. flexuosus when applied in sternites, while using exposure to surfaces treated it was 5.6±4.8% for C. sinensis applied on tergites and 8.3±0% on sternites at 72 h and 1000 mg.L-1. Conclusion: Synthetic girgensohnine analogues, and C. flexuosus and C. sinensis essential oils showed insecticidal activity in R. prolixus. Analogue 3 showed the greatest insecticidal activity among all molecules and oils evaluated under our laboratory conditions.

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A Comprehensive in vitro and in silico Analysis of Nematicidal Action of Essential Oils.

Autores: Aditi Kundu, Anirban Dutta, Abhishek Mandal, Lalit Negi, Monika Malik, Rajshekhar Puramchatwad, Jyoti Antil, Anupama Singh, Uma Rao, Supradip Saha, Rajesh Kumar, Neeraj Patanjali, Suman Manna, Anil Kumar, Sukanta Dash, P K Singh | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Nematicidal potential of essential oils (EOs) has been widely reported. Terpenoids present in most of the essential oils have been reported responsible for their bioactivity though very less is known about their modes of action. In the present study, an in vitro screening of nine Eos, namely, Citrus sinensis (OEO), Myrtus communis (MTEO), Eucalyptus citriodora (CEO), Melaleuca alternifolia (TEO), Acorus calamus (AEO), Commiphora myrrha (MREO), Cymbopogon nardus (CNEO), Artemisia absinthium (WEO), and Pogostemon cablin (PEO) against Meloidogyne incognita revealed OEO, CNEO, and TEO as most effective with LC50 39.37, 43.22, and 76.28 μg ml-1 respectively. EOs had varying compositions of mono- and sesquiterpenes determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The in silico molecular interactions screening of major EO constituents and the seven selected target proteins of the nematode indicated highest binding affinity of geraniol-ODR1 (odorant response gene 1) complex (ΔG = -36.9 kcal mol-1), due to extensive H-bonding, hydrophobic and π-alkyl interactions. The relative binding affinity followed the order: geraniol-ODR1 > β-terpineol-ODR1 > citronellal-ODR1 > l-limonene-ODR1 > γ-terpinene-ODR1. Taken together, the cumulative in vitro and computational bioefficacy analysis related to the chemoprofiles of EOs provides useful leads on harnessing the potential of EOs as bionematicides. The insight on biochemical ligand-target protein interactions described in the present work will be helpful in logical selection of biomolecules and essential oils for development of practically viable bionematicidal products.

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Essential oils and Beauveria bassiana against Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae): Towards new natural acaricides.

Autores: Davide Immediato, Luciana Aguiar Figueredo, Roberta Iatta, Antonio Camarda, Rafaela Lira Nogueira de Luna, Annunziata Giangaspero, Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho, Domenico Otranto, Claudia Cafarchia | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils (EOs) and entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana (Bb) strains have the potential to be used as alternative insecticides and acaricides for controlling ectoparasites as Dermanyssus gallinae. These compounds have some limitations in their use: the acaricidal effect of EOs is rapid, but short-lived, whilst that of Bb is delayed, but long-lived. To evaluate the effect of both compounds combined against D. gallinae, the non-toxic dose of Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Thymus vulgaris and Eugenia caryophyllata essential oils were firstly calculated for "native" strains of Bb. Subsequently, the effects of the combination of selected EOs with Bb against nymph and adult poultry red mites (PRMs) was assessed. EO concentrations ranging from 0.0015 to 8% v/v (i.e., nine double dilutions) were used to evaluate their effect on germination, sporulation and vegetative growth rates of native strains of Bb. A total of 1440 mites (720 nymphs and 720 adults) were divided into three-treated group (TGs) and one control group (CG). In TGs, mites were exposed to Bb in combination with the selected EO (TG1), EO alone (TG2) or Bb (TG3) alone. In the CG, mites were exposed to 0.1% tween 80 plus EO solvent (CG). E. globulus and E. citriodora were toxic for Bb in concentrations higher than 0.2% and 0.003% respectively, whilst E. caryophyllata and T. vulgaris were toxic at all concentrations tested against Bb. Based on the results of the toxicity assays against Bb, E. globulus was chosen to be tested as acaricide resulting non-toxic for Bb at concentration lower than 0.4%. Increased mortality of D. gallinae adults was recorded in TG1 than those in other TGs from 4days post-infection (T+4DPI). A 100% mortality of D. gallinae was recorded in adults at T+9DPI and at T+10DPI in nymphs in TG1 and later than T+11DPI in the other TGs. Used in combination with E. globulus, Bb displayed an earlier acaricidal effect towards both haematophagous D. gallinae stages. The combination of B. bassiana and E. globulus at 0.2% might be used for controlling arthropods of medical and veterinary importance as D. gallinae.

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Allelopathic Effect of Eucalyptus citriodora Essential Oil and Its Potential Use as Bioherbicide.

Autores: Sara Benchaa, Mohamed Hazzit, Hacène Abdelkrim | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The current study aimed to evaluate the negative allelopathic effect of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil on some of the most noxious weeds in Algeria (Sinapis arvensis, Sonchus oleraceus, Xanthium strumarium and Avena fatua). Gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS) were used to define the chemical composition of the oil. Citronellal (64.7%) and citronellol (10.9%) were the major essential oil compounds. Three concentrations of the oil were used for laboratory (0.01, 0.02 and 0.03%) and greenhouse (1, 2 and 3%) experiments. Seed germination and seedling's growth were drastically reduced in response to the oil concentrations where at 0.01 and 0.02% the oil drastically affects the seed germination of the tested weeds and at 0.03% the oil suppresses completely the germination of S. arvensis. The oil also exhibited strong allelopathic effect on the 3 - 4 leaf-stage plants 1 and 6 days after treatment. A completely death of S. arvensis, S. oleraceus and A. fatua and severe injuries on X. strumarium appeared at 3% of the oil. Chlorophyll content and membrane integrity were significantly affected after treatment of the plant weeds representing a severe reduction in total chlorophyll and cell membrane disruption. The study concludes that E. citriodora essential oil might has the potential use as bioherbicide and can constitute an alternative process of weed control.

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Antifungal Effect of Essential Oils against Fusarium Keratitis Isolates.

Autores: Mónika Homa, Ildikó Pálma Fekete, Andrea Böszörményi, Yendrembam Randhir Babu Singh, Kanesan Panneer Selvam, Coimbatore Subramanian Shobana, Palanisamy Manikandan, László Kredics, Csaba Vágvölgyi, László Galgóczy | Ano: 2015 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The present study was carried out to investigate the antifungal effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Citrus limon, Juniperus communis, Eucalyptus citriodora, Gaultheria procumbens, Melaleuca alternifolia, Origanum majorana, Salvia sclarea, and Thymus vulgaris essential oils against Fusarium species, the most common etiologic agents of filamentous fungal keratitis in South India. C. zeylanicum essential oil showed strong anti-Fusarium activity, whereas all the other tested essential oils proved to be less effective. The main component of C. zeylanicum essential oil, trans-cinnamaldehyde, was also tested and showed a similar effect as the oil. The in vitro interaction between trans-cinnamaldehyde and natamycin, the first-line therapeutic agent of Fusarium keratitis, was also investigated; an enhanced fungal growth inhibition was observed when these agents were applied in combination. Light and fluorescent microscopic observations revealed that C. zeylanicum essential oil/trans-cinnamaldehyde reduces the cellular metabolism and inhibits the conidia germination. Furthermore, necrotic events were significantly more frequent in the presence of these two compounds. According to our results, C. zeylanicum essential oil/trans-cinnamaldehyde provides a promising basis to develop a novel strategy for the treatment of Fusarium keratitis.

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Inhibitory effects of the volatile oils of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels and Eucalyptus citriodora Hook (Myrtaceae) on the acetylcholine induced contraction of isolated rat ileum.

Autores: Ayinde Buniyamin Adesina, Owolabi Omonkhelin Josephine | Ano: 2012 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Using steam distillation method, the volatile oils of Eucalyptus citriodora and Callistemon citrinus were obtained and their chromatographic profiles examined in hexane: ethylacetate (4:1; 7:3) and hexane-chloroform (7:3). The effects of the volatile oils on acetylcholine (Ach) induced contraction of the rat isolated ileum were investigated based on the ethnomedicinal use of the volatile oil of E. citriodora in treating diarrhoea. Relative to the weight of the fresh leaves (200g in each case), E. citriodora produced 0.75% of the volatile oil while the C. citrinus yielded 0.5%. Combination of hexane-ethylacetate (4:1) gave the best resolution of the constituents as E. citriodora produced six major spots while Callistemon citrinus produced three. The concentration-dependent contractions of the ileum produced by the increasing concentration of the Ach were observed to be remarkably attenuated in the presence of the volatile oils at 5 and 10 mg/ml. At 5mg/ ml, the volatile oils of E. citriodora and C. citrinus independently reduced the Ach maximum contraction to 74.11 ± 12.4 and 19.05 ± 5.17% respectively. At 10mg/ml, the volatile oils further significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the contraction induced by the Ach. The results obtained validated the ethnomedicinal use of the volatile oils particularly that of E. citriodora in reducing ilea contractions occasioned by diarrhoea. However, C. citrinus volatile oil seems to be more effective.

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Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of plant essential oils from Benin against Anopheles gambiae (Giles).

Autores: Annick D Bossou, Sven Mangelinckx, Hounnankpon Yedomonhan, Pelagie M Boko, Martin C Akogbeto, Norbert De Kimpe, Félicien Avlessi, Dominique C K Sohounhloue | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Insecticide resistance in sub-Saharan Africa and especially in Benin is a major public health issue hindering the control of the malaria vectors. Each Anopheles species has developed a resistance to one or several classes of the insecticides currently in use in the field. Therefore, it is urgent to find alternative compounds to conquer the vector. In this study, the efficacies of essential oils of nine plant species, which are traditionally used to avoid mosquito bites in Benin, were investigated.

Resultados: Different chemical compositions were obtained from the essential oils of the plant species. The major constituents identified were as follows: neral and geranial for Cymbopogon citratus, Z-carveol, E-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol and E-p-mentha-2,8-dienol for Cymbopogon giganteus, piperitone for Cymbopogon schoeN/Athus, citronellal and citronellol for Eucalyptus citriodora, p-cymene, caryophyllene oxide and spathulenol for Eucalyptus tereticornis, 3-tetradecanone for Cochlospermum tinctorium and Cochlospermum planchonii, methyl salicylate for Securidaca longepedunculata and ascaridole for Chenopodium ambrosioides. The diagnostic dose was 0.77% for C. citratus, 2.80% for E. tereticornis, 3.37% for E. citriodora, 4.26% for C. ambrosioides, 5.48% for C. schoeN/Athus and 7.36% for C. giganteus. The highest diagnostic doses were obtained with S. longepedunculata (9.84%), C. tinctorium (11.56%) and C. planchonii (15.22%), compared to permethrin 0.75%. A. gambiae cotonou, which is resistant to pyrethroids, showed significant tolerance to essential oils from C. tinctorium and S. longepedunculata as expected but was highly susceptible to all the other essential oils at the diagnostic dose.

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Uso dos óleos essenciais em onicomicose: revisão integrativa/ Use of essential oils in onychomycosis: an integrative review/ Uso de aceites esenciales en onicomicosis: revisión integrativa

Autores: Ribeiro, Taynnar Barbosa; Lira, Jefferson Abraão Caetano; Bezerra, Sandra Marina Gonçalves; Oliveira, Rosangela Aparecida; Machado, Raylane da Silva; Nogueira, Lídya Tolstenko | Ano: 2021 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Objetivo:identificar na literatura como os óleos essenciais são utilizados em onicomicose. Métodos: revisão integrativa com buscas realizadas nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, SCOPUS e BVS, sendo 13 estudos analisados. Resultados: o uso de óleos essenciais Melaleucaalternifólia, Lavandulaangustifólia, Eucalyptuscitriodora e Foeniculumvulgare mostram-se eficazes e trazem benefícios no tratamento da onicomicose, por inibirem o crescimento micelial dos fungos infectantes das unhas. Sendo assim, os profissionais de saúde envolvidos nos cuidados em pessoas com onicomicose devem se manter atualizados sobre tais alternativas de tratamento e consequentemente da melhora da assistência prestada a esses pacientes. Conclusão: a eficácia antifúngica de uma variedade de óleos foi comprovada com diferentes formas de apresentação e possíveis associações. Entretanto, o nível da evidência apresentado foi baixo, o que justifica a necessidade de estudos mais robustos sobre a temática.

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Pickering emulsion stabilized by gliadin/soybean polysaccharide composite colloidal nanoparticle: Physicochemical properties and its application on washing of fresh-cut cabbage.

Autores: Chen Shen, Wenqing Chen, Changzhu Li, Xiaochen Chen, Haiying Cui, Lin Lin | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In this study, gliadin (Gl) and soybean polysaccharide (SP) were selected and used to prepare composite colloidal nanoparticles, which were used to stabilize Pickering emulsion loaded with Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (ECEO) for washing fresh-cut cabbage. FTIR and fluorescence spectra showed that Gl and SP were assembled to form composite colloidal nanoparticles by electrostatic adsorption, and the appropriate particle size and zeta potential were obtained when the ratio of Gl and SP was 1:1. The confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) results demonstrated that the colloidal nanoparticles adsorbed and arranged at the oil-water interface and thus formed a thick interface film, leading to preferable stability of the prepared Pickering emulsion. The Pickering emulsion was further applied to the washing of fresh-cut cabbage. It was found that Pickering emulsion not only inhibited the growth of E.coli O157:H7 on the surface of fresh-cut cabbage but also maintained the chroma, chlorophyll content, and sensory quality of fresh-cut cabbage. In summary, our research work broadened the application of Pickering emulsion in the preservation of vegetables and provided a valuable reference.

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Conclusão: N/A

Pickering emulsion stabilized by gliadin/soybean polysaccharide composite colloidal nanoparticle: Physicochemical properties and its application on washing of fresh-cut cabbage.

Autores: Chen Shen, Wenqing Chen, Changzhu Li, Xiaochen Chen, Haiying Cui, Lin Lin | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In this study, gliadin (Gl) and soybean polysaccharide (SP) were selected and used to prepare composite colloidal nanoparticles, which were used to stabilize Pickering emulsion loaded with Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (ECEO) for washing fresh-cut cabbage. FTIR and fluorescence spectra showed that Gl and SP were assembled to form composite colloidal nanoparticles by electrostatic adsorption, and the appropriate particle size and zeta potential were obtained when the ratio of Gl and SP was 1:1. The confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) results demonstrated that the colloidal nanoparticles adsorbed and arranged at the oil-water interface and thus formed a thick interface film, leading to preferable stability of the prepared Pickering emulsion. The Pickering emulsion was further applied to the washing of fresh-cut cabbage. It was found that Pickering emulsion not only inhibited the growth of E.coli O157:H7 on the surface of fresh-cut cabbage but also maintained the chroma, chlorophyll content, and sensory quality of fresh-cut cabbage. In summary, our research work broadened the application of Pickering emulsion in the preservation of vegetables and provided a valuable reference.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Pickering emulsion stabilized by gliadin/soybean polysaccharide composite colloidal nanoparticle: Physicochemical properties and its application on washing of fresh-cut cabbage.

Autores: Chen Shen, Wenqing Chen, Changzhu Li, Xiaochen Chen, Haiying Cui, Lin Lin | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In this study, gliadin (Gl) and soybean polysaccharide (SP) were selected and used to prepare composite colloidal nanoparticles, which were used to stabilize Pickering emulsion loaded with Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (ECEO) for washing fresh-cut cabbage. FTIR and fluorescence spectra showed that Gl and SP were assembled to form composite colloidal nanoparticles by electrostatic adsorption, and the appropriate particle size and zeta potential were obtained when the ratio of Gl and SP was 1:1. The confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) results demonstrated that the colloidal nanoparticles adsorbed and arranged at the oil-water interface and thus formed a thick interface film, leading to preferable stability of the prepared Pickering emulsion. The Pickering emulsion was further applied to the washing of fresh-cut cabbage. It was found that Pickering emulsion not only inhibited the growth of E.coli O157:H7 on the surface of fresh-cut cabbage but also maintained the chroma, chlorophyll content, and sensory quality of fresh-cut cabbage. In summary, our research work broadened the application of Pickering emulsion in the preservation of vegetables and provided a valuable reference.

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Conclusão: N/A

Phytotoxic Effects of Commercial Eucalyptus citriodora, Lavandula angustifolia, and Pinus sylvestris Essential Oils on Weeds, Crops, and Invasive Species.

Autores: María Dolores Ibáñez, María Amparo Blázquez | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: essential oils are well known for their pharmacological effectiveness as well as their repellent, insecticide, and herbicide activities. The emergence of resistant weeds, due to the overuse of synthetic herbicides, makes it necessary to find natural alternatives for weed control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of Eucalyptus citriodora, Lavandula angustifolia, and Pinus sylvestris, three common commercial essential oils, on weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, and Echinochloa crus-galli), food crops (tomato and cucumber), and the invasive species Nicotiana glauca. Methods: to determine herbicidal effects, essential oils were tested at different concentrations (0.125-1µL/mL). The index of germination and seedling length data were recorded over 14 days.

Resultados: the in vitro assays showed that L. angustifolia with linalool (38.7 ± 0.1%), 1,8-cineole (26.5 ± 0.1%), and camphor (14.2 ± 0.1%) as the main compounds showed the most phytotoxic effects affecting seed germination in weeds and tomato, and the aforementioned invasive species. L. multiflorum was the most sensitive weed, particularly to lavender essential oil, which decreased the growth of its hypocotyl and radicle by 87.8% and 76.7%, respectively, at a dose of 1 µL/mL. Cucumber was the most resistant food crop, with no significant reduction observed in seed germination and hypocotyl growth with E. citriodora and L. angustifolia essential oils.

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Fungicidal activity of volatile oil from eucalyptus Citriodora Hook. against Alternaria triticina.

Autores: Hesamedin Ramezani | Ano: 2006 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Use of plant products for the management of phytopathogenic fungi is fast becoming an important component of Integrated Disease Management (I.D.M.) programme. The natural plant products are bio-degradable and thus eco-friendly, are catching the attention of the scientist worldwide. Such products from higher plants are relatively broad spectrum, bio-efficacious, economical and environmentally safe. Among these essential oils from higher plants because of their greater inhibitory action are being explored preferably worldwide. In this context, a study was undertaken to explore the effect of volatile oil from Eucalyptus citriodora against Alternaria triticina. The radial growth, dry weight and spore germination of pathogen were drastically reduced in response to the different concentrations of volatile oil. A complete inhibition of radial growth, dry weight and spore germination were observed at 1500, 1000 and 100 ppm, respectively. In contrast, similar complete inhibition of test pathogen was observed at very high concentration (6500, 6500 and 1000 ppm) of mancozeb--a commercially available synthetic fungicide. Based on these observations, it was therefore concluded that eucalypt volatile oil has potential to suppress the phytopathogenic fungi.

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Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oils against Vibrio campbellii and Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Autores: Xiaoting Zheng, Adam F Feyaerts, Patrick Van Dijck, Peter Bossier | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Vibriosis, caused by Vibrio strains, is an important bacterial disease and capable of causing significant high mortality in aquatic animals. Essential oils (EOs) have been considered as an alternative approach for the treatment of aquatic bacterial diseases. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of essential oils (n = 22) or essential oil components (EOCs, n = 12) against Vibrio strains belonging to the harveyi clade. It was verified by three different approaches, e.g., (i) a bacterial growth assay, comparing Vibrio growth with or without EO(C)s at various concentrations; (ii) a vapor-phase-mediated susceptibility assay, comparing the effect of EO(C)s on bacterial growth through the vapor phase; and (iii) a quorum sensing-inhibitory assay, based on specific inhibition of quorum sensing-regulated bioluminescence. The results showed that, in the bacterial growth assay, EOs of Melaleuca alternifolia and Litsea citrata at 0.0001%, Eucalyptus citriodora at 0.01% can inhibit the growth of Vibrio campbellii BB120. These EOs can also prevent the growth of V. parahaemolyticus strains but need to be present at a higher concentration (0.1%). Moreover, in the vapor-phase-mediated susceptibility assay, EOs of M. alternifolia, L. citrata and E. citriodora can inhibit the growth of V. campbellii BB120 through their vapor phase. However, V. parahaemolyticus strains (CAIM170, LMG2850 and MO904) cannot be inhibited by these EOs. Additionally, in the quorum sensing-inhibitory assay, EOs of Mentha pulegium, Cuminum cyminum, Zingiber officinalis, and E. citriodora, all at 0.001%, have quorum sensing-inhibitory activity in V. campbellii BB120. Taken together, our study provides substantial evidence that usage of the major components, individually or in combination, of the tested commercial EOs (extracted from M. alternifolia, L. citrata, and E. citriodora) could be a promising approach to control V. campbellii BB120.

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Chemical composition of Eucalyptus spp. essential oils and their insecticidal effects on Lutzomyia longipalpis.

Autores: M V Maciel, S M Morais, C M L Bevilaqua, R A Silva, R S Barros, R N Sousa, L C Sousa, E S Brito, M A Souza-Neto | Ano: 2010 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The chemical composition of essential oils from three species of plants belonging to the Eucalyptus genus was determined and, their insecticidal effects on egg, larva and adult phases of Lutzomyia longipalpis were assessed. The insects were collected in the municipality of Sobral in the State of Ceará, Brazil. Five treatments with different concentrations were performed along with two negative controls, distilled water and Tween 80 (3%), and a positive control, cypermethrin (0.196mg/ml). The tests were carried out in plastic pots internally coated with sterile plaster and filled with a substrate made of rabbit feces and crushed cassava leaves. The eggs, larvae and adults were sprayed with the oils. The hatched larvae were counted for 10 consecutive days and observed until pupation. Insect mortality was observed after 24, 48 and 72h. E. staigeriana oil was the most effective on all three phases of the insect, followed by E. citriodora and E. globulus oils, respectively. The major constituents of the oils were Z-citral and alpha-citral (E. staigeriana), citronellal (E. citriodora) and 1,8-cineole (E. globulus). The Eucalyptus essential oils constitute alternative natural products for the control of L. longipalpis since the median effective concentration (EC(50)) values revealed relevant action as compared with other natural products, some of their chemical constituents are already known for their insecticidal activity and these oils are produced in commercial scale in Brazil.

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Insecticidal and Repellent Activity of Several Plant-Derived Essential Oils Against Aedes aegypti.

Autores: Ruth M Castillo, Elena Stashenko, Jonny E Duque | Ano: 2017 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: We examined the pupicidal, adulticidal, repellent, and oviposition-deterrent activities of essential oils (EOs) from Lippia alba, L. origanoides, Eucalyptus citriodora, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Citrus sinensis , Cananga odorata , Swinglea glutinosa, and Tagetes lucida plants against Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. Pupicidal and adulticidal activities were assessed at exploratory concentrations of 250, 310, and 390 parts per million (ppm); and 30, 300, and 1,000 ppm, respectively. The greatest pupicidal activity was exhibited at 390 ppm with a 24-h exposure by L. origanoides, and 390 ppm with a 48-h exposure by Citrus sinensis . Lippia origanoides killed all adult mosquitoes at 300 ppm after 120 min of exposure. Only L. origanoides and E. citriodora EOs, applied at 1,000 ppm to human skin, produced the greatest repellency (100%) to host-seeking Ae. aegypti after 2 min of exposure; the repellency decreased between 12% and 10% after 15 min. Complete oviposition deterrence by gravid Ae. aegypti was observed for E. citriodora EOs at 200 ppm with an oviposition activity index of -1.00. These results confirm that the EOs assessed in this study have insecticidal, repellent, and oviposition-deterrent activities against the dengue vector, Ae. aegypti.

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Insecticidal and Repellent Activity of Several Plant-Derived Essential Oils Against Aedes aegypti.

Autores: Ruth M Castillo, Elena Stashenko, Jonny E Duque | Ano: 2017 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: We examined the pupicidal, adulticidal, repellent, and oviposition-deterrent activities of essential oils (EOs) from Lippia alba, L. origanoides, Eucalyptus citriodora, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Citrus sinensis , Cananga odorata , Swinglea glutinosa, and Tagetes lucida plants against Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. Pupicidal and adulticidal activities were assessed at exploratory concentrations of 250, 310, and 390 parts per million (ppm); and 30, 300, and 1,000 ppm, respectively. The greatest pupicidal activity was exhibited at 390 ppm with a 24-h exposure by L. origanoides, and 390 ppm with a 48-h exposure by Citrus sinensis . Lippia origanoides killed all adult mosquitoes at 300 ppm after 120 min of exposure. Only L. origanoides and E. citriodora EOs, applied at 1,000 ppm to human skin, produced the greatest repellency (100%) to host-seeking Ae. aegypti after 2 min of exposure; the repellency decreased between 12% and 10% after 15 min. Complete oviposition deterrence by gravid Ae. aegypti was observed for E. citriodora EOs at 200 ppm with an oviposition activity index of -1.00. These results confirm that the EOs assessed in this study have insecticidal, repellent, and oviposition-deterrent activities against the dengue vector, Ae. aegypti.

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A Comprehensive in vitro and in silico Analysis of Nematicidal Action of Essential Oils.

Autores: Aditi Kundu, Anirban Dutta, Abhishek Mandal, Lalit Negi, Monika Malik, Rajshekhar Puramchatwad, Jyoti Antil, Anupama Singh, Uma Rao, Supradip Saha, Rajesh Kumar, Neeraj Patanjali, Suman Manna, Anil Kumar, Sukanta Dash, P K Singh | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Nematicidal potential of essential oils (EOs) has been widely reported. Terpenoids present in most of the essential oils have been reported responsible for their bioactivity though very less is known about their modes of action. In the present study, an in vitro screening of nine Eos, namely, Citrus sinensis (OEO), Myrtus communis (MTEO), Eucalyptus citriodora (CEO), Melaleuca alternifolia (TEO), Acorus calamus (AEO), Commiphora myrrha (MREO), Cymbopogon nardus (CNEO), Artemisia absinthium (WEO), and Pogostemon cablin (PEO) against Meloidogyne incognita revealed OEO, CNEO, and TEO as most effective with LC50 39.37, 43.22, and 76.28 μg ml-1 respectively. EOs had varying compositions of mono- and sesquiterpenes determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The in silico molecular interactions screening of major EO constituents and the seven selected target proteins of the nematode indicated highest binding affinity of geraniol-ODR1 (odorant response gene 1) complex (ΔG = -36.9 kcal mol-1), due to extensive H-bonding, hydrophobic and π-alkyl interactions. The relative binding affinity followed the order: geraniol-ODR1 > β-terpineol-ODR1 > citronellal-ODR1 > l-limonene-ODR1 > γ-terpinene-ODR1. Taken together, the cumulative in vitro and computational bioefficacy analysis related to the chemoprofiles of EOs provides useful leads on harnessing the potential of EOs as bionematicides. The insight on biochemical ligand-target protein interactions described in the present work will be helpful in logical selection of biomolecules and essential oils for development of practically viable bionematicidal products.

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Radiolytically depolymerized sodium alginate improves physiological activities, yield attributes and composition of essential oil of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.

Autores: Akbar Ali, M Masroor A Khan, Moin Uddin, M Naeem, Mohd Idrees, Nadeem Hashmi, Tariq Ahmad Dar, Lalit Varshney | Ano: 2014 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. is highly valued for its citronellal-rich essential oil (EO) extracted from its leaves. Hence, escalated EO production of eucalyptus is the need of hour. Marine polysaccharides (sodium alginate) are processed through gamma radiation of particular intensity, to obtain the irradiated sodium alginate (ISA). A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar application of ISA on growth, biochemical, physiological, EO yield and composition of E. citriodora. The treatments were applied as: foliar spray of deionized water only (control), seed soaked with ISA (90 mg L(-1)) and foliar spray of ISA with 30, 60, 120 and 240 mg L(-1). The treatment 6 (spray of ISA at 120 mg L(-1)) showed the highest value for most of the parameters studied. It also enhanced the EO content (33.3%), EO yield (86.7%), citronellal content (63.4%) and citronellal yield (205.5%) as compared to the control.

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Toxic effects of six plant oils alone and in combination with controlled atmosphere on Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae).

Autores: J J Wang, J H Tsai, W Ding, Z M Zhao, L S Li | Ano: 2001 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Six plant essential oils alone as repellent and fumigant, and in combination with the controlled atmosphere against Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel were assessed in the laboratory. These essential oils were extracted from the leaves of six source plants: Citrus tangerina Tanaka, Citrus aurantium L., Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau, Pinus sylvestris L., Cupressus funebris End]., and Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. The repellency test indicated that L. bostrychophila adults were repelled by filter paper strips treated with six essential oils. Of these essential oils, the C. funebris oil was most effective followed by that of F. sylvestris, C. tangerina, C. bergamia, and E. citriodora. The average repellency of the C. aurantium oil against L. bostrychophila adults was significantly lower than other five test oils by day 14. These essential oils had a high level of toxicity in the fumigation assay against L. bostrychophila adults at both 10 and 20 ppm. When combined with two controlled atmosphere treatments (12% CO2 + 9% O2, and 10% CO2 + 5% O2, balanced N2), the toxicity of plant oils was enhanced significantly.

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The effects of herbal essential oils on the oviposition-deterrent and ovicidal activities of Aedes aegypti (Linn.), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say).

Autores: P Siriporn, S Mayura | Ano: 2012 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The effect of oviposition-deterrent and ovicidal of seven essential oils were evaluated towards three mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti, Anopheles dirus and Culex quinquefasciatus. The oviposition activity index (OAI) values of six essential oils namely Cananga odorata, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Ocimum basilicum and Syzygium aromaticum indicated that there were more deterrent than the control whereas Citrus sinensis oil acted as oviposition attractant. At higher concentration (10%) of Ca. odorata (ylang ylang flowers) showed high percent effective repellency (ER) against oviposition at 99.4% to Ae. aegypti, 97.1% to An. dirus and 100% to Cx. quinquefasciatus, respectively. The results showed that mean numbers of eggs were lower in treated than in untreated water. In addition, there was an inverse relationship between essential oil concentrations and ovicidal activity. As the concentration of essential oil increased from 1%, 5% and up to 10% conc., the hatching rate decreased. The essential oil of Ca. odorata at 10% conc. gave minimum egg hatch of 10.4% (for Ae. aegypti), 0.8% (for An. dirus) and 1.1% (for Cx. quinquefasciatus) respectively. These results clearly revealed that the essential oil of Ca. odorata served as a potential oviposition-deterrent and ovicidal activity against Ae. aegypti, An. dirus and Cx. quinquefasciatus.

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Hemi-synthesis of novel chiral benzodiazepine derivatives from Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil: 2D NMR experiments and differential scanning calorimetry study of diastereoisomers.

Autores: Brahim Cherfaoui, Farid Chebrouk, Ridha Hassaine, Massaab Khalfaoui, Leϊla Boukennna, Mohammed Salah Eddine Hamroun, Mohamed Abou-Mustapha, Gacem Lazhar | Ano: 2023 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: An efficient in situ condensation of citronellal, the main constituent of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (51%), with different amine derivatives of 2,3-diaminomaleonitrile and 3-[(2-aminoaryl)amino]dimedone has led to novel chiral benzodiazepine structures. All reactions were precipitated in ethanol and pure products were obtained in good yields (58-75%) without any purification. The synthesized benezodiazepines were characterized by spectroscopic techniques, namely 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D NMR and FTIR. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and HPLC were used to confirm the formation diastereomeric mixtures of benzodiazepine derivatives.

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Hemi-synthesis of novel chiral benzodiazepine derivatives from Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil: 2D NMR experiments and differential scanning calorimetry study of diastereoisomers.

Autores: Brahim Cherfaoui, Farid Chebrouk, Ridha Hassaine, Massaab Khalfaoui, Leϊla Boukennna, Mohammed Salah Eddine Hamroun, Mohamed Abou-Mustapha, Gacem Lazhar | Ano: 2023 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: An efficient in situ condensation of citronellal, the main constituent of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (51%), with different amine derivatives of 2,3-diaminomaleonitrile and 3-[(2-aminoaryl)amino]dimedone has led to novel chiral benzodiazepine structures. All reactions were precipitated in ethanol and pure products were obtained in good yields (58-75%) without any purification. The synthesized benezodiazepines were characterized by spectroscopic techniques, namely 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D NMR and FTIR. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and HPLC were used to confirm the formation diastereomeric mixtures of benzodiazepine derivatives.

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