EUCALIPTO GLOBULUS

Essential oils and Beauveria bassiana against Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae): Towards new natural acaricides.

Autores: Davide Immediato, Luciana Aguiar Figueredo, Roberta Iatta, Antonio Camarda, Rafaela Lira Nogueira de Luna, Annunziata Giangaspero, Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho, Domenico Otranto, Claudia Cafarchia | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils (EOs) and entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana (Bb) strains have the potential to be used as alternative insecticides and acaricides for controlling ectoparasites as Dermanyssus gallinae. These compounds have some limitations in their use: the acaricidal effect of EOs is rapid, but short-lived, whilst that of Bb is delayed, but long-lived. To evaluate the effect of both compounds combined against D. gallinae, the non-toxic dose of Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Thymus vulgaris and Eugenia caryophyllata essential oils were firstly calculated for "native" strains of Bb. Subsequently, the effects of the combination of selected EOs with Bb against nymph and adult poultry red mites (PRMs) was assessed. EO concentrations ranging from 0.0015 to 8% v/v (i.e., nine double dilutions) were used to evaluate their effect on germination, sporulation and vegetative growth rates of native strains of Bb. A total of 1440 mites (720 nymphs and 720 adults) were divided into three-treated group (TGs) and one control group (CG). In TGs, mites were exposed to Bb in combination with the selected EO (TG1), EO alone (TG2) or Bb (TG3) alone. In the CG, mites were exposed to 0.1% tween 80 plus EO solvent (CG). E. globulus and E. citriodora were toxic for Bb in concentrations higher than 0.2% and 0.003% respectively, whilst E. caryophyllata and T. vulgaris were toxic at all concentrations tested against Bb. Based on the results of the toxicity assays against Bb, E. globulus was chosen to be tested as acaricide resulting non-toxic for Bb at concentration lower than 0.4%. Increased mortality of D. gallinae adults was recorded in TG1 than those in other TGs from 4days post-infection (T+4DPI). A 100% mortality of D. gallinae was recorded in adults at T+9DPI and at T+10DPI in nymphs in TG1 and later than T+11DPI in the other TGs. Used in combination with E. globulus, Bb displayed an earlier acaricidal effect towards both haematophagous D. gallinae stages. The combination of B. bassiana and E. globulus at 0.2% might be used for controlling arthropods of medical and veterinary importance as D. gallinae.

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Chemical composition and acaricidal activity of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil against the vector of tropical bovine piroplasmosis, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus.

Autores: Olubukola T Adenubi, Abiola O Abolaji, Timothy Salihu, Foluke A Akande, Hassan Lawal | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Ticks are of great economic importance to humans and animals due to their role in disease transmission. The application of synthetic, chemical acaricides on the animal and/or the environment (the most used tick control method globally) has led to the selection of tick populations that are resistant. Their adverse effects on ecology and human and animal health cannot be overemphasised. As a result, the search for alternatives that are natural and can overcome these adverse effects are strongly indicated. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and adult immersion test (AIT), this study evaluated the chemical composition and acaricidal activity, respectively, of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil (EO) on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus ticks. This is a major tick species implicated for the transmission of bovine piroplasmosis in Nigeria. The acaricidal activity was evaluated using different concentrations (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10%) of E. globulus EO. Amitraz (1 and 2%) and cypermethrin (2%) served as the positive control and 2% dimethylsulfoxide in distilled water was the negative control. Three replicates of 10 engorged female ticks each were immersed in the test samples for 2 min and the experiment was done twice. The GC-MS analysis identified the major constituents of E. globulus EO as eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) (78%), menthol (20%) and menthone (3%). Eucalyptus globulus EO caused 97% acaricidal mortality at 10% concentration. The lower concentrations reduced tick fecundity up to 90% in a dose-dependent manner. This study provides support for plant EOs as alternative tick control strategy for humans and animals.

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Variation in chemical composition and acaricidal activity against Dermanyssus gallinae of four eucalyptus essential oils.

Autores: David R George, Dino Masic, Olivier A E Sparagano, Jonathan H Guy | Ano: 2009 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The results of this study suggest that certain eucalyptus essential oils may be of use as an alternative to synthetic acaricides in the management of the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae. At a level of 0.21 mg/cm(2), the essential oil from Eucalyptus citriodora achieved 85% mortality in D. gallinae over a 24 h exposure period in contact toxicity tests. A further two essential oils from different eucalyptus species, namely E. globulus and E. radiata, provided significantly (P < 0.05) lower mite mortality (11 and 19%, respectively). Notable differences were found between the eucalyptus essential oils regarding their chemical compositions. There appeared to be a trend whereby the essential oils that were composed of the fewer chemical components were the least lethal to D. gallinae. It may therefore be the case that the complexity of an essential oil's chemical make up plays an important role in dictating the toxicity of that oil to pests such as D. gallinae.

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Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus.

Autores: Jeane Silva, Worku Abebe, S M Sousa, V G Duarte, M I L Machado, F J A Matos | Ano: 2003 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Many species of the genus Eucalyptus from the Myrtaceae family are used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of various medical conditions such as cold, flue, fever, and bronchial infections. In the current investigation, we evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil extracts from three species of Eucalyptus employing various standard experimental test models. Using acetic acid-induced writhes in mice and hot plate thermal stimulation in rats, it was shown that the essential oils of Eucalyptus citriodora (EC), Eucalyptus tereticornis (ET), and Eucalyptus globulus (EG) induced analgesic effects in both models, suggesting peripheral and central actions. In addition, essential oil extracts from the three Eucalyptus species produced anti-inflammatory effects, as demonstrated by inhibition of rat paw edema induced by carrageenan and dextran, neutrophil migration into rat peritoneal cavities induced by carrageenan, and vascular permeability induced by carrageenan and histamine. However, no consistent results were observed for some of the parameters evaluated, both in terms of activities and dose-response relationships, reflecting the complex nature of the oil extracts and/or the assay systems used. Taken together, the data suggest that essential oil extracts of EC, ET, and EG possess central and peripheral analgesic effects as well as neutrophil-dependent and independent anti-inflammatory activities. These initial observations provide support for the reported use of the eucalyptus plant in Brazilian folk medicine. Further investigation is warranted for possible development of new classes of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs from components of the essential oils of the Eucalyptus species.

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Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus.

Autores: Jeane Silva, Worku Abebe, S M Sousa, V G Duarte, M I L Machado, F J A Matos | Ano: 2003 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Many species of the genus Eucalyptus from the Myrtaceae family are used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of various medical conditions such as cold, flue, fever, and bronchial infections. In the current investigation, we evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil extracts from three species of Eucalyptus employing various standard experimental test models. Using acetic acid-induced writhes in mice and hot plate thermal stimulation in rats, it was shown that the essential oils of Eucalyptus citriodora (EC), Eucalyptus tereticornis (ET), and Eucalyptus globulus (EG) induced analgesic effects in both models, suggesting peripheral and central actions. In addition, essential oil extracts from the three Eucalyptus species produced anti-inflammatory effects, as demonstrated by inhibition of rat paw edema induced by carrageenan and dextran, neutrophil migration into rat peritoneal cavities induced by carrageenan, and vascular permeability induced by carrageenan and histamine. However, no consistent results were observed for some of the parameters evaluated, both in terms of activities and dose-response relationships, reflecting the complex nature of the oil extracts and/or the assay systems used. Taken together, the data suggest that essential oil extracts of EC, ET, and EG possess central and peripheral analgesic effects as well as neutrophil-dependent and independent anti-inflammatory activities. These initial observations provide support for the reported use of the eucalyptus plant in Brazilian folk medicine. Further investigation is warranted for possible development of new classes of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs from components of the essential oils of the Eucalyptus species.

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Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus.

Autores: Jeane Silva, Worku Abebe, S M Sousa, V G Duarte, M I L Machado, F J A Matos | Ano: 2003 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Many species of the genus Eucalyptus from the Myrtaceae family are used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of various medical conditions such as cold, flue, fever, and bronchial infections. In the current investigation, we evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil extracts from three species of Eucalyptus employing various standard experimental test models. Using acetic acid-induced writhes in mice and hot plate thermal stimulation in rats, it was shown that the essential oils of Eucalyptus citriodora (EC), Eucalyptus tereticornis (ET), and Eucalyptus globulus (EG) induced analgesic effects in both models, suggesting peripheral and central actions. In addition, essential oil extracts from the three Eucalyptus species produced anti-inflammatory effects, as demonstrated by inhibition of rat paw edema induced by carrageenan and dextran, neutrophil migration into rat peritoneal cavities induced by carrageenan, and vascular permeability induced by carrageenan and histamine. However, no consistent results were observed for some of the parameters evaluated, both in terms of activities and dose-response relationships, reflecting the complex nature of the oil extracts and/or the assay systems used. Taken together, the data suggest that essential oil extracts of EC, ET, and EG possess central and peripheral analgesic effects as well as neutrophil-dependent and independent anti-inflammatory activities. These initial observations provide support for the reported use of the eucalyptus plant in Brazilian folk medicine. Further investigation is warranted for possible development of new classes of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs from components of the essential oils of the Eucalyptus species.

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Biobased polymer resources and essential oils: a green combination for antibacterial applications.

Autores: Christine Elian, Samir Abbad Andaloussi, Régis Moilleron, Jean-Winoc Decousser, Cyrille Boyer, Davy-Louis Versace | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: To fight nosocomial infections, the excessive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, which are now considered a relevant public health threat by the World Health Organization. To date, most antibacterial systems are based on the use of petro-sourced polymers, but the global supplies of these resources are depleting. Besides, silver NPs are widely accepted as the most active biocide against a wide range of bacterial strains but their toxicity is an issue. The growing interest in natural products has gained increasing interest in the last decade. Therefore, the design of functional antibacterial materials derived from biomass remains a significant challenge for the scientific community. Consequently, attention has shifted to naturally occurring substances such as essential oils (EOs), which are classified as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS). EOs can offer an alternative to the common antimicrobial agents as an inner solution or biocide agent to inhibit the resistance mechanism. Herein, this review not only aims at providing developments in the antibacterial modes of action of EOs against various bacterial strains and the recent advances in genomic and proteomic techniques for the elucidation of these mechanisms but also presents examples of biobased polymer resource-based EO materials and their antibacterial activities. Especially, we describe the antibacterial properties of biobased polymers, e.g. cellulose, starch, chitosan, PLA PHAs and proteins, associated with EOs (cinnamon (CEO), clove (CLEO), bergamot (BEO), ginger (GEO), lemongrass (LEO), caraway (CAEO), rosemary (REO), Eucalyptus globulus (EGEO), tea tree (TTEO), orange peel (OPEO) and apricot (Prunus armeniaca) kernel (AKEO) essential oils). Finally, we discuss the influence of EOs on the mechanical strength of bio-based materials.

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Effect of eucalyptus essential oil on respiratory bacteria and viruses.

Autores: Claudio Cermelli, Anna Fabio, Giuliana Fabio, Paola Quaglio | Ano: 2008 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The activity of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil was determined for 120 isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes, 20 isolates of S. pneumoniae, 40 isolates of S. agalactiae, 20 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 40 isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, 30 isolates of H. parainfluenzae, 10 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 10 isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and two viruses, a strain of adenovirus and a strain of mumps virus, all obtained from clinical specimens of patients with respiratory tract infections. The cytotoxicity was evaluated on VERO cells by the MTT test. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the Kirby Bauer paper method, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration. H. influenzae, parainfluenzae, and S. maltophilia were the most susceptible, followed by S. pneumoniae. The antiviral activity, assessed by means of virus yield experiments titered by the end-point dilution method for adenovirus, and by plaque reduction assay for mumps virus, disclosed only a mild activity on mumps virus.

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Screening of antifungal activity of 12 essential oils against eight pathogenic fungi of vegetables and mushroom.

Autores: F Diánez, M Santos, C Parra, M J Navarro, R Blanco, F J Gea | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The antifungal properties of 12 Eos, that is, Syzygium aromaticum, Pelargonium graveolens, Lavandula angustifolia, Cupresus sempervirens, Mentha piperita, Santolina chamaecyparissus, Citrus sinensis, Pogostemon patchouli, Thymus mastichina, Thymus vulgaris, Eucalyptus globulus and Rosmarinus officinalis, were screened. The influence of five doses of each EOs was tested against Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora parasitica, Pythium aphanidermatum, Alternaria brassicae, Cladobotryum mycophilum and Trichoderma aggressivum f.sp. europaeum using disc-diffusion method. The mycelial growth inhibition and ED50 were calculated. The chemical analysis of the EOs was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. A total of 58 compounds were identified in the 12 EOs. All essential oils (EOs) analysed showed antifungal activity against the test pathogens in the range of 5·32-100%. The inhibitory effect of oils showed dose-dependent activity on the tested fungus. Based on the ED50 values, clove, rose geranium, peppermint and patchouli were the most effective. This study warrants further research into the practical use of EOs for the control of important myco- and phytopathogens in intensive horticulture.

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GC-MS Profiling of Naturally Extracted Essential Oils: Antimicrobial and Beverage Preservative Actions.

Autores: Reham F El-Kased, Dina M El-Kersh | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the antimicrobial effects of natural essential oils (EO) and determine their preservative action. Eight natural essential oils were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans representing gram positive, gram negative, and fungi, respectively. The plant materials were used in this study viz. Thymus vulgaris-thyme (TV), Mentha virdis (MV), Mentha longifolia (ML), Rosmarinus officinalis-rosemary (RO), Lavandula dentata-lavender (LD), Origanum majorana-oregano (OM), which belong to the Lamiaceae family. The other two plants were Cymbopogon citratus-lemon grass (family Poaceae) (CC), and Eucalyptus globulus (family Myrtaceae) (EG). Employing the disc diffusion susceptibility test, minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations were estimated for each oil, followed by the addition of oils to pasteurized apple juice after microbial induction. The results revealed that thyme oil showed the maximum zone of inhibition against all tested microbes enriched with monoterpenes class viz. eucalyptol (24.3%), thymol (17.4%), and γ-terpinene (15.2%). All other tested oils exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of growth and their MIC ranged from 0.1 to 100 µL/mL. The recorded minimum bactericidal concentration values were apparently double the minimum inhibitory concentration. The EO of Mentha virdis followed by Mentha longifolia showed maximum antimicrobial activity against the tested organisms in pasteurized apple juice. A gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis of lemon grass, thyme, and Mentha virdis essential oils showed their enrichment with monoterpenes class recording 97.10, 97.04, and 97.61%, respectively.

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Chemical Composition and in-Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from Seven Eucalyptus Species.

Autores: Abdul Ghaffar, Muhammad Yameen, Shumaila Kiran, Shagufta Kamal, Fatima Jalal, Bushra Munir, Sadaf Saleem, Naila Rafiq, Aftab Ahmad, Iram Saba, Abdul Jabbar | Ano: 2015 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Eucalyptus is well reputed for its use as medicinal plant around the globe. The present study was planned to evaluate chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oils (EOs) extracted from seven Eucalyptus species frequently found in South East Asia (Pakistan). EOs from Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus melanophloia, Eucalyptus crebra, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus microtheca were extracted from leaves through hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the EOs was determined through GC-MS-FID analysis. The study revealed presence of 31 compounds in E. citriodora and E. melanophloia, 27 compounds in E. crebra, 24 compounds in E. tereticornis, 10 compounds in E. globulus, 13 compounds in E. camaldulensis and 12 compounds in E. microtheca. 1,8-Cineole (56.5%), α-pinene (31.4%), citrinyl acetate (13.3%), eugenol (11.8%) and terpenene-4-ol (10.2%) were the highest principal components in these EOs. E. citriodora exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against the five microbial species tested (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus solani). Gram positive bacteria were found more sensitive than Gram negative bacteria to all EOs. The diphenyl-1-picrylhydazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and percentage inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation were highest in E. citriodora (82.1% and 83.8%, respectively) followed by E. camaldulensis (81.9% and 83.3%, respectively). The great variation in chemical composition of EOs from Eucalyptus, highlight its potential for medicinal and nutraceutical applications.

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Antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of some commercial essential oils and their major compounds.

Autores: Smail Aazza, Badiâ Lyoussi, Maria G Miguel | Ano: 2011 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The commercial essential oils of Citrus aurantium L., Cupressus sempervirens L., Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Foeniculum vulgare Mill. and Thymus vulgaris L., isolated by steam distillation by a company of Morocco were evaluated in terms of in vitro antioxidant activity through several methods. In vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was also determined. Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. oil was also studied, but it was obtained by peel expression. The best antioxidant was T. vulgaris oil, independent of the method used, mainly due to the presence of the phenolic monoterpenes thymol and carvacrol, which when studied as single compounds also presented the best activities. Concerning the acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity, E. globulus was the most effective. Nevertheless its main components 1,8-cineole and limonene were not the most active, a feature that corresponded to d-3-carene.

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Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of Moroccan commercial essential oils.

Autores: Smail Aazza, Badiaa Lyoussi, Cristina Megías, Isabel Cortés-Giraldo, Javier Vioque, A Cristina Figueiredo, Maria G Miguel | Ano: 2014 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils (EO) possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, insect repellent, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties, among others. In the present work, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of Moroccan commercial EOs (Citrus aurantium, C. limon, Cupressus sempervirens, Eucalyptus globulus, Foeniculum vulgare and Thymus vulgaris) were evaluated and compared with their main constituents. T. vulgaris EO showed the best free radicals scavenging capacity. This EO was also the most effective against lipid peroxidation along with C. limon and F. vulgare EOs. C. sempervirens EO was the most effective in scavenging NO free radicals, whereas C. limon EO showed the best chelating power. Not all of the major compounds of the EO were responsible for the whole activity of the EOs. T. vulgaris EO showed the best anti-proliferative activity against THP-1 cells in contrast to that of F. vulgare. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the EOs were plant species dependent and not always attributable to the EOs main components. Nevertheless, the EOs anti-proliferative activities were more related to their main components, as with T. vulgaris, C. limon, E. globulus and C. sempervirens.

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Screening of the essential oil effects on human H1N1 influenza virus infection: an in vitro study in MDCK cells.

Autores: Basma Najar, Valeria Nardi, Maria Alfreda Stincarelli, Samuele Patrissi, Luisa Pistelli, Simone Giannecchini | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Nineteen essential oils (EOs) obtained from different plants have been evaluated for their potential in vitro anti-H1N1 influenza virus efficacy. Both multivariate analyses and bivariate correlation were performed to better understand how the composition influences the activity. The results evidenced that for the laboratory distilled EOs both rosemary hybrids (S. x lavandulaceus and S. x mendizabalii) showed a good antiviral activity with low cytotoxic effect. Concerning the commercial ones: Eucalyptus globulus and Juniperus communis EOs exhibited virtuous effects on influenza virus. These results were confirmed by the multivariate analyses and only eucalyptol showed a positive correlation with cell viability. On the contrary, o-cymene and terpinolene correlated to the inhibitory effect. Rosemary hybrids, E. globulus and J. communis could be considered as promising candidate to develop new alternative anti-H1N1 natural agent.

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Essential Oil from Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) Activates Complement Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis and Stimulates Podosome Formation in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages.

Autores: Manuela Zonfrillo, Federica Andreola, Ewa K Krasnowska, Gianluca Sferrazza, Pasquale Pierimarchi, Annalucia Serafino | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Eucalyptus essential oil and its major constituent eucalyptol are extensively employed in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries and their clinical use has recently expanded worldwide as an adjuvant in the treatment of infective and inflammatory diseases. We previously demonstrated that essential oil from Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) (EO) stimulates in vitro the phagocytic activity of human monocyte-derived macrophages and counteracts the myelotoxicity induced by the chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil in immunocompetent rats. Here we characterize some mechanistic aspects underlying the immunostimulatory ability exerted by EO on macrophages. The internalization of fluorescent beads, fluorescent zymosan BioParticles, or apoptotic cancer cells was evaluated by confocal microscopy. Pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine release was determined by flow cytometry using the BD cytometric bead array. Receptor involvement in EO-stimulated phagocytosis was assessed using complement- or IgG-opsonized zymosan particles. The localization and expression of podosome components was analyzed by confocal microscopy and western blot. The main results demonstrated that: EO-induced activation of a macrophage is ascribable to its major component eucalyptol, as recently demonstrated for other cells of innate immunity; EO implements pathogen internalization and clearance by stimulating the complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis; EO stimulates podosome formation and increases the expression of podosome components. These results confirm that EO extract is a potent activator of innate cell-mediated immunity and thereby increase the scientific evidence supporting an additional property of this plant extract besides the known antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties.

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Essential Oil from Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) Activates Complement Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis and Stimulates Podosome Formation in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages.

Autores: Manuela Zonfrillo, Federica Andreola, Ewa K Krasnowska, Gianluca Sferrazza, Pasquale Pierimarchi, Annalucia Serafino | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Eucalyptus essential oil and its major constituent eucalyptol are extensively employed in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries and their clinical use has recently expanded worldwide as an adjuvant in the treatment of infective and inflammatory diseases. We previously demonstrated that essential oil from Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) (EO) stimulates in vitro the phagocytic activity of human monocyte-derived macrophages and counteracts the myelotoxicity induced by the chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil in immunocompetent rats. Here we characterize some mechanistic aspects underlying the immunostimulatory ability exerted by EO on macrophages. The internalization of fluorescent beads, fluorescent zymosan BioParticles, or apoptotic cancer cells was evaluated by confocal microscopy. Pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine release was determined by flow cytometry using the BD cytometric bead array. Receptor involvement in EO-stimulated phagocytosis was assessed using complement- or IgG-opsonized zymosan particles. The localization and expression of podosome components was analyzed by confocal microscopy and western blot. The main results demonstrated that: EO-induced activation of a macrophage is ascribable to its major component eucalyptol, as recently demonstrated for other cells of innate immunity; EO implements pathogen internalization and clearance by stimulating the complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis; EO stimulates podosome formation and increases the expression of podosome components. These results confirm that EO extract is a potent activator of innate cell-mediated immunity and thereby increase the scientific evidence supporting an additional property of this plant extract besides the known antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties.

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Chemical Composition and in-Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from Seven Eucalyptus Species.

Autores: Abdul Ghaffar, Muhammad Yameen, Shumaila Kiran, Shagufta Kamal, Fatima Jalal, Bushra Munir, Sadaf Saleem, Naila Rafiq, Aftab Ahmad, Iram Saba, Abdul Jabbar | Ano: 2015 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Eucalyptus is well reputed for its use as medicinal plant around the globe. The present study was planned to evaluate chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oils (EOs) extracted from seven Eucalyptus species frequently found in South East Asia (Pakistan). EOs from Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus melanophloia, Eucalyptus crebra, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus microtheca were extracted from leaves through hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the EOs was determined through GC-MS-FID analysis. The study revealed presence of 31 compounds in E. citriodora and E. melanophloia, 27 compounds in E. crebra, 24 compounds in E. tereticornis, 10 compounds in E. globulus, 13 compounds in E. camaldulensis and 12 compounds in E. microtheca. 1,8-Cineole (56.5%), α-pinene (31.4%), citrinyl acetate (13.3%), eugenol (11.8%) and terpenene-4-ol (10.2%) were the highest principal components in these EOs. E. citriodora exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against the five microbial species tested (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus solani). Gram positive bacteria were found more sensitive than Gram negative bacteria to all EOs. The diphenyl-1-picrylhydazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and percentage inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation were highest in E. citriodora (82.1% and 83.8%, respectively) followed by E. camaldulensis (81.9% and 83.3%, respectively). The great variation in chemical composition of EOs from Eucalyptus, highlight its potential for medicinal and nutraceutical applications.

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Chemical Characterization and Bioactivity of Commercial Essential Oils and Hydrolates Obtained from Portuguese Forest Logging and Thinning.

Autores: Ana Ruas, Angelica Graça, Joana Marto, Lídia Gonçalves, Ana Oliveira, Alexandra Nogueira da Silva, Madalena Pimentel, Artur Mendes Moura, Ana Teresa Serra, Ana Cristina Figueiredo, Helena M Ribeiro | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils (EOs) and hydrolates (Hds) are natural sources of biologically active ingredients with broad applications in the cosmetic industry. In this study, nationally produced (mainland Portugal and Azores archipelago) EOs (11) and Hds (7) obtained from forest logging and thinning of Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea and Cryptomeria japonica, were chemically evaluated, and their bioactivity and sensorial properties were assessed. EOs and Hd volatiles (HdVs) were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. 1,8-Cineole was dominant in E. globulus EOs and HdVs, and α- and β-pinene in P. pinaster EOs. Limonene and α-pinene led in P. pinea and C. japonica EOs, respectively. P. pinaster and C. japonica HVs were dominated by α-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol, respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH, ORAC and ROS. C. japonica EO showed the highest antioxidant activity, whereas one of the E. globulus EOs showed the lowest. Antimicrobial activity results revealed different levels of efficacy for Eucalyptus and Pinus EOs while C. japonica EO showed no antimicrobial activity against the selected strains. The perception and applicability of emulsions with 0.5% of EOs were evaluated through an in vivo sensory study. C. japonica emulsion, which has a fresh and earthy odour, was chosen as the most pleasant fragrance (60%), followed by P. pinea emulsion (53%). In summary, some of the studied EOs and Hds showed antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and they are possible candidates to address the consumers demand for more sustainable and responsibly sourced ingredients.

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Adaptogenic activity of Cinnamomum camphora, Eucalyptus globulus, Lavandula stœchas and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil used in North-African folk medicine.

Autores: Mahieddine Boumendjel, Abdennour Boucheker, Sandra Feknous, Faiza Taibi, Naouel Rekioua, Nawel Bouzeraa, Asma Chibi, Nesrine Feknous, Allaeddine Baraoui, Salem N'har, Azzeddine Toubal, Amira Taguida, Hadjer Zaidi, Omar Sekiou, Ismaïl Bouziane, Abdallah Metai, Mourad Bouaziz, Aïssa Benselhoub, Amel Boumendjel, Mahfoud Messarah | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Depressive anxiety is one of the most emotional disorders in our industrial societies. Many treatments of phobias exist and are based on plant extracts therapies, which play an important role in the amelioration of the behavior. Our study aimed to evaluate the adaptogenic activity of different essential oils provided from local plants: Cinnamomum camphora (Camphora), Eucalyptus globulus (Blue gum), Lavandula stœchas (Topped lavender) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) on Wistar rats. The adaptogenic activity was evaluated on the elevated plus-maze. The efficacy of the extract (200 mL/kg) was compared with the standard anxiolytic drug Diazepam® 1 mg. Animals administered by the essential oil of Lavandula stœchas, Cinnamomum camphora, Rosmarinus officinalis and Eucalyptus globulus showed a behavior similar to those treated with Diazepam®. For groups treated with the following essential oils: Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula stoechas and Cinnamomum camphora at a dose of 200 mL/kg, we notice an increase in the time spent on the open arms of the elevated plus-maze and a decrease in time spent on the closed arms of the elevated plus-maze, especially for Rosmarinus officinalis, which explains the anxiolytic effect of these plants. We also notice a decrease in the number of entries in closed arms, open arms and the number of passing to the central square. The increase in the number of entries to open arms with Eucalyptus globulus essential oil shows a reduction in anxiety behavior in rodents and this shows that these plants have an inhibitory effect.

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Adaptogenic activity of Cinnamomum camphora, Eucalyptus globulus, Lavandula stœchas and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil used in North-African folk medicine.

Autores: Mahieddine Boumendjel, Abdennour Boucheker, Sandra Feknous, Faiza Taibi, Naouel Rekioua, Nawel Bouzeraa, Asma Chibi, Nesrine Feknous, Allaeddine Baraoui, Salem N'har, Azzeddine Toubal, Amira Taguida, Hadjer Zaidi, Omar Sekiou, Ismaïl Bouziane, Abdallah Metai, Mourad Bouaziz, Aïssa Benselhoub, Amel Boumendjel, Mahfoud Messarah | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Depressive anxiety is one of the most emotional disorders in our industrial societies. Many treatments of phobias exist and are based on plant extracts therapies, which play an important role in the amelioration of the behavior. Our study aimed to evaluate the adaptogenic activity of different essential oils provided from local plants: Cinnamomum camphora (Camphora), Eucalyptus globulus (Blue gum), Lavandula stœchas (Topped lavender) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) on Wistar rats. The adaptogenic activity was evaluated on the elevated plus-maze. The efficacy of the extract (200 mL/kg) was compared with the standard anxiolytic drug Diazepam® 1 mg. Animals administered by the essential oil of Lavandula stœchas, Cinnamomum camphora, Rosmarinus officinalis and Eucalyptus globulus showed a behavior similar to those treated with Diazepam®. For groups treated with the following essential oils: Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula stoechas and Cinnamomum camphora at a dose of 200 mL/kg, we notice an increase in the time spent on the open arms of the elevated plus-maze and a decrease in time spent on the closed arms of the elevated plus-maze, especially for Rosmarinus officinalis, which explains the anxiolytic effect of these plants. We also notice a decrease in the number of entries in closed arms, open arms and the number of passing to the central square. The increase in the number of entries to open arms with Eucalyptus globulus essential oil shows a reduction in anxiety behavior in rodents and this shows that these plants have an inhibitory effect.

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Adulticidal activities of Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf.) and Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) essential oils and of their synergistic combinations against Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), and Musca domestica (L.).

Autores: Mayura Soonwera, Sirawut Sittichok | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The knockdown and adulticidal activities of individual Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus globulus essential oils (EOs) and their combinations were evaluated against three medical insect pests (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Musca domestica) using a WHO susceptibility test. The knockdown and adulticidal activities against the three medical insect pests of combinations of C. citratus and E. globulus EOs were higher than those of individual EOs alone. Combinations of 7.5% C. citratus + 7.5% E. globulus EOs and 10% C. citratus + 10% E. globulus EOs exhibited the highest efficacy against females of the three species with 100% knockdown and mortality rates at 1 and 24 h after exposure, respectively. Their adulticidal activities were equivalent to that of 10% w/v cypermethrin. In contrast, 70% v/v ethyl alcohol negative control was not effective at all. The combinations of EOs showed a synergistic effect, i.e., their adulticidal activity was improved by 0.2 to 100%, with increased knockdown and mortality rates, compared to individual EOs. The highest synergistic effect on effective knockdown and adulticidal activities against females of the three species was achieved by a combination of 2.5% C. citratus + 2.5% E. globulus EOs, with 36.6 to 100% knockdown rate increase and 33.5 to 98.9% mortality rate increase. This study demonstrates that all tested combinations of C. citratus and E. globulus EOs were effective adulticidal agents against females of Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and M. domestica and have a high potential for development into a botanical insecticide for controlling populations of Aedes mosquitoes and houseflies.

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Correlation between chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of some aromatic medicinal plants growing in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Autores: K Cimanga, K Kambu, L Tona, S Apers, T De Bruyne, N Hermans, J Totté, L Pieters, A J Vlietinck | Ano: 2002 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The chemical composition of essential oils from 15 aromatic medicinal plant species growing in the Democratic Republic of Congo have been studied. More than 15 constituents in an amount higher than 0.1% were identified in each essential oil. 1,8-cineole, alpha and beta-pinene, p-cymene, myrcene, gamma-terpinene, alpha-terpineol and limonene were prevalent constituents in almost more than 10 selected plant species. Results from the antibacterial testing by the diffusion method indicate that all essential oils (5 microl per disc) inhibited the growth of selected bacteria at different extents. The most active antibacterial essential oils were those of the leaves of Eucalyptus camadulensis and Eucalyptus terticornis (12-30 mm zone diameter of inhibition). They showed particularly a most potent inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth (15-16 mm), followed by Eucalyptus robusta (12 mm). Essential oils from the leaves of Eucalyptus alba, Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus deglupta, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus robusta, Aframomum stipulatum, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum americanum and that of the seeds of Monodora myristica showed also a good antibacterial activity (10-18 mm). Eucalyptus propinqua, Eucalyptus urophylla and Ocimum gratissimum essential oils were the less active samples against the selected bacteria. No correlation between the amount of major constituents such as 1,8-cineol, alpha-pinene, p-cymene, cryptone or thymol and the antibacterial activity was observed.

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Determinação das características físico-químicas e antimicrobianas de soluções experimentais à base de hipoclorito de sódio e óleo essencial/ Determination of the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of experimental solutions of sodium hypoclorite and essential oil

Autores: Porto, Patrícia de Oliveira Barbosa | Ano: 2004 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar as características físico-químicas e antimicrobianas de soluções experimentais de hipoclorito de sódio a 1 por cento com adição de óleo essencial de Eucalyptus globulus em várias concentrações (0,15 por cento, 0,5 por cento e 0,8 por cento), comparando com a solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 1 por cento pura. Foram analisados o teor de cloro ativo e o pH das soluções, quando recém-preparadas, com 15, 30 e 60 dias. As outras medidas, como densidade, tensão superficial, viscosidade e condutividade foram tomadas nos momentos: recém-preparadas, com 30 e 60 dias. A atividade antibacteriana foi verificada através do teste por exposição direta das soluções sobre as bactérias Actinomyces purpureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus e uma mistura delas, em tempos de contato de 1, 5 e 15 minutos. Os resultados mostraram, quanto à análise química, que a adição do óleo de Eucalyptus globulus reduziu significativamente a tensão superficial do hipoclorito de sódio a 1 por cento. Os teores de cloro ativo e os valores de condutividade foram inversamente proporcionais à concentração do óleo e ao tempo. Todas as soluções apresentaram efetividade antibacteriana a partir de 1 minuto de contato. A concentração de 0,15 por cento de óleo essencial de Eucalyptus globulus é a ideal para adicão ao hipoclorito de sódio a 1 por cento, para corrigir organolepticamente seu odor e por não comprometer suas características físico-químicas e antimicrobianas

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Actividad antibacteriana de un gel experimental de Eucalyptus globulus Labill frente a Porphyromonas gingivalis/ Antibacterial activity of an experimental Eucalyptus globulus Labill gel against Porphyromonas gingivalis

Autores: Sánchez Tito, Maeco; Araujo Hanco, Jhener | Ano: 2021 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Introducción: Las plantas medicinales han demostrado poseer propiedades antibacterianas para el control de la periodontitis. Objetivo: Determinar la actividad antibacteriana frente a Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 de un gel experimental compuesto por aceite esencial de Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental in vitro. Se empleó el programa EPi InfoTM para el cálculo de las repeticiones. El aceite esencial se obtuvo por el método de arrastre de vapor; se identificó su composición química por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Se evaluó la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) y concentración mínima bactericida (CMB). Se realizó un ensayo de difusión en Agar para medir los halos de inhibición del gel experimental al 4,46 por ciento frente a P. gingivalis, la comparación con clorhexidina al 0,12 por ciento se evaluó con la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Se adoptó un nivel de significancia del 5 por ciento . Resultados: Se identificaron 11 constituyentes en el aceite esencial, los principales componentes químicos fueron 3-heptadecene, (Z)- (36,13 por ciento ), 1-tridecene (14,7 por ciento ) y 1,8-cineole (9,72 por ciento ). La CMI del aceite esencial fue 36,195 mg/mL y la CMB fue 39,114 mg/mL. Los halos de inhibición del gel experimental de P. gingivalis fueron 25,533 mm ± 0,960. mm. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas frente a clorhexidina al 0,12 por ciento (23,282 ± 0,345) (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: El gel experimental al 4,46 por ciento compuesto por aceite esencial de Eucalyptus globulus Labill presentó una actividad antibacteriana importante frente a Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277(AU)

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Antimicrobial action of essential oil vapours and negative air ions against Pseudomonas fluorescens.

Autores: A K Tyagi, A Malik | Ano: 2010 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of essential oil (in liquid as well as in vapour phase) and negative air ions (NAI) against Pseudomonas fluorescens. The combined effect of NAI with essential oil vapour was also investigated to determine kill time and morphological changes in bacterial cells. The MIC of Cymbopogon citratus (0.567 mg/ml), Mentha arvensis (0.567 mg/ml), Mentha piperita (1.125 mg/ml) and Eucalyptus globulus (2.25 mg/ml) was studied via the agar dilution method. To estimate the antibacterial activity of essential oils in the vapour phase, agar plates inoculated with P. fluorescens were incubated with various concentrations of each essential oil vapour and zone of inhibition was recorded. Further, in order to assess the kill time, P. fluorescens inoculated agar plates were exposed to selected bactericidal essential oil vapour and NAI, separately, in an air-tight chamber. A continuous decrease in bacterial count was observed over time. A significant enhancement in the bactericidal action was observed by exposure to the combination of essential oil vapour and NAI as compared to their individual action. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the alteration in morphology of P. fluorescens cells after exposure to C. citratus oil vapour, NAI, and combination of C. citratus oil vapour and NAI. Maximum morphological deformation was found due to the combined effect of C. citratus oil vapour and NAI. This study demonstrates that the use of essential oils in the vapour phase is more advantageous than the liquid phase. Further the antibacterial effect of the essential oil vapours can be significantly enhanced by the addition of NAI. The work described here offers a novel and efficient approach for control of bacterial contamination that could be applied for food stabilization practices.

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Efeito Antibacteriano de Óleos Essenciais sobre Bactérias Formadoras do Biofilme Dentário/ Antibacterial Effect of Essential Oils on Biofilm-forming Bacterial

Autores: Alves, Lívia Araújo; Freires, Irlan de Almeida; Castro, Ricardo Dias de | Ano: 2010 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Avaliar a atividade antibacteriana in vitro dos óleosessenciais de Eucalyptus globulus - Eucalipto (OE1), Eugeniauniflora L. - Pitangueira (OE2) e Mentha piperita - Hortelã-Pimenta (OE3) sobre bactérias cariogênicas. Material eMétodos: Determinou-se a Concentração Inibitória Mínima(CIM) dos óleos essenciais pela técnica da microdiluiçãosobre Streptococcus mutans (ATCC-25175), S. salivarius(ATCC-7073) e S. mitis (ATCC 903). Utilizou-se placa com 96orifícios, onde foram inseridos em cada um 10 ìL do inóculo(108 UFC/mL), 100 ìL de caldo Brain Heart Infusion (HIMEDIA,São Paulo, Brasil) duplamente concentrado e 100 ìL dos óleosessenciais em concentrações que variaram de 5 a 0,039mg.mL-1. Como controle positivo foi utilizada Clorexidina a 60ìg.mL-1. Ainda foram realizados os controles de crescimentobacteriano e de esterilidade do meio de cultura utilizado. Aleitura foi feita após 24 horas pelo método visual, sendoobservada a formação ou não de aglomerados de células(“botão”) no fundo da cavidade da placa. Resultados: O OE1inibiu crescimento bacteriano visível na concentração de 5mg.mL-1 sobre as três bactérias; OE2 mostrou CIM de 0,625mg.mL-1 e 3,75 mg.mL-1 sobre S. mitis e S. salivarius,respectivamente. OE3 exibiu CIM de 0,625 mg.mL-1, 0,312 mgmL-1 e 1,25 mg mL-1 sobre Streptococcus.mutans, S. mitis eS. salivarius, respectivamente. Conclusão: Os óleosessenciais avaliados apresentaram atividade antibacterianasobre as espécies cariogênicas ensaiadas...

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Avaliação in vitro da atividade de óleos essenciais sobre Candida albicans e seus fatores de virulência/ Antifungal in vitro evaluation of essential oils activity against Candida albicans

Autores: Araújo, André Luis Monteiro | Ano: 2015 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade in vitro dos óleos essenciais de Eucalyptus citriodora Hooker, Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Eugenia caryophyllus Sprengel, Melaleuca alternifolia Chell e Thymus vulgaris Linneaus sobre C. albicans. Em doses subinibitórias avaliar a formação de tubo germinativo e clamidoconídeo, a produção de exoenzimas proteinase e fosfolipase e a produção de franjas. Foram utilizadaos 16 isolados e duas cepas padrão de C. albicans. ATCC (60193 e 900028) Para a avaliação da atividade antifúngica e obtenção da concentração fungicida mínima (CFM) utilizou-se a técnica de microdiluição em caldo, em meio RPMI 1640, com Tween-20 a 0,02%. E a confirmação da inibição em Agar Sabouraud dextrose, a 37°C por 24 hs. Para a avaliação da sensibilidade ao fluconazole e voriconazol foi utilizado o teste comercial Etest®. Todos os óleos esseciais apresentaram atividade inibitória sobre C. albicans. Para cada óleo essencial foram encontrados os seguintes resultados de CFM50 e CFM90: E. citriodora CFM50 de 87,89μg/mL e CFM90 de 175,78μg/m; E. globulus CFM50 de 703,12μg/mL e CFM90 de 5625μg/mL; E. caryophyllus CFM50 de 175,78μg/mL e CFM90 de 703,12μg/mL; M. alternifolia CFM50 de 1406,50μg/mL e CFM90 de 2812,50μg/mL; T. vulgaris CFM50 de 87,89 a 175,78μg/mL e CFM90 de 351,56μg/mL. A CIM50 para fluconazol foi de 0,125μg/mL e CFM90 de 0,5μg/mL e para voriconazol foi CIM50 de 0,012 e CFM90 de 0,016μg/mL. Com excessão do óleo essencial de M. alternifolia, os óleos essenciais que alteraram a produção do tubo germinativo e clamidoconídios também alteraram a produção de franjas.Todos os óleos essenciais alteraram a produção das exoenzimas proteinase e fosfolipase de C.albicans. Pelo exposto e nas condições desse estudo conclui-se que os óleos essenciais de E. citriodora e T. vulgaris, apresentaram atividade fungicida com as menores concentrações inibitórias em relação aos óleos essenciais de, E. globulus E. caryophyllus e M. alternifoia sobre C.albicans

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Avaliação in vitro da atividade antifúngica de óleos essenciais sobre Cryptococcus neoformans/ Action of essential oils against Cryptococcus neoformans

Autores: Santos, Patricia de Souza | Ano: 2011 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Cryptococcus neoformans é uma levedura patogênica e o agente etiológico da criptococose, uma doença infecciosa cosmopolita que acomete o homem, animais domésticos e silvestres. A infecção ocorre por inalação das leveduras e a doença se manifesta com mais freqüência em pessoas e animais com baixa imunidade celular. C. neoformans, tem tropismo para o sistema nervoso central. O tratamento efetivo para a criptococose é a anfotericina B associada ou não a 5 –flucitosina apesar da alta toxicidade e nefrotoxicidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade in vitro dos óleos essenciais de Eucalyptus citriodora Hooker, Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Eugenia caryophyllus Sprengel, Melaleuca alternifolia Chell e Thymus vulgaris Linneaus e uma mistura de E. caryophyllus, M. alternifolia e T. vulgaris denominada Blend sobre C. neoformans. Em doses subinibitórias avaliar a produção de cápsula e de exoenzimas proteinase e fosfolipase. Foram utilizadas 21 isolados de origem humana, 29 isolados ambientais e uma cepa padrão de C. neoformans ICB 163 D (NIH 163D). Para a avaliação da atividade antifúngica e obtenção da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) utilizou-se a técnica de microdiluição em caldo, em meio RPMI 1640, com Tween-20 a 0,02% como emulsificador. E a confirmação da inibição em Agar Sabouraud dextrose, a 37°C por 48 hs com obtenção da concentração fungicida mínima (CFM). Para a avaliação da sensibilidade ao fluconazol utilizou-se microdiluição em caldo com meio RPMI 1640 e para a avaliação da sensibilidade a anfotericina B foi utilizado o teste comercial Etest®. Para cada óleo essencial foram encontrados os seguintes resultados de CFM50 e CFM90: E. citriodora CFM50 de 21,97 a 2812,5μg/mL e CFM90 de 703,12 a 2812,5μg/mL; E. globulus CFM50 de 175,78 a 703,12μg/mL e CFM90 de 703,12 a 2812,5μg/mL; E. caryophyllus CFM50 de 87,89 a 175,78μg/mL e CFM90 de 703,12μg/mL; M. alternifolia CFM50 de 11.250 a 45.000μg/mL e CFM90 de 45.000μg/mL; T...

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Atividade antifúngica de isolados clínicos de Candida não-albicans aos óleos essenciais de Syzygium aromaticum (cravo-da-índia) e Eucalyptus globulus (eucalipto-comum)/ Antifungal activity of clinical isolates of Candida non-albicans to the essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum (cloud) and Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus)

Autores: Santos Junior, C. J. dos; Rodrigues, Dálity K. de Barros; Dantas, Rita D. S; Souza, A. K. P | Ano: 2021 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: RESUMO: Introdução: O gênero Candida possui alta taxa de incidência no ser humano, sendo a espécie Candida albicans a mais isolada em infecções invasivas e superficiais. Porém, tem sido relatado um aumento considerável de espécies de Candidanão-albicans em infecções fúngicas. Os óleos essenciais, por serem voláteis, podem agir como sinais de comunicação química e arma de defesa. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia, in vitro, dos óleos essenciais de Syzygium aromaticum e Eu-calyptus globulus na inibição do crescimento de espécies de Candida não-albicans. Métodos: Para avaliação da atividade antifúngica de S. aromaticum e de E. globulus e do efeito dos seus óleos essenciais sobre a micromorfologia das espécies Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis e Candida glabrata, foram empregadas, nesta ordem, a técnica de difusão em ágar e de microcultivo para leveduras. Resultados: Na técnica de difusão, o óleo essencial de S. aromaticum apresentou for-mação de halo de inibição para Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis e Candida glabrata. O óleo de E. globulus, por sua vez, não apresentou crescimento de halos de inibição em nenhuma das concentrações testadas frente às três espécies de Candida não-albicans. Todavia, com o microcultivo, ambos os óleos essenciais se provaram, in vitro, eficazes antimi-crobianos tendo apresentado estruturas indicativas de atividade antifúngica na maior concentração dos óleos e diferentes graus de destruição celular nas demais concentrações. Conclusão: Nas condições deste estudo, concluiu-se que os pro-dutos avaliados exerceram atividade antifúngica contra cepas de Candida não-albicans, destacando-se o óleo essencial de S. aromaticum que apresentou atividade antimicrobiana em ambas as metodologias. (AU)

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Atividade antifúngica in vitro do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus globulus L. sobre Candida spp./ Antifungal activity of the essential oils from Eucalyptus globulus L. on Candida spp

Autores: Castro, Ricardo Dias de; Lima, Edeltrudes de Oliveira | Ano: 2010 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Considerando a necessidade de obtenção de novos agentes terapêuticos voltados para o combate da candidose bucal, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a atividade antifúngica in vitro do óleo essencial do Eucalyptus globulus L. (eucalipto) frente a espécies de Candida envolvidas com infecções bucais. Para tanto, ensaios microbiológicos com finalidade de determinar a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM) foram realizados, respectivamente, utilizando as técnicas da microdiluição e do crescimento de unidades formadores de colônias em meio sólido. Para o óleo essencial de E. globulus L. foram observadas CIM de 312,5 microg.mL-1 para 76,2% das cepas de Candida e CFM de 625 microg.mL-1 para 81% das cepas ensaiadas. Todas as cepas foram sensíveis aos antifúngicos sintéticos, miconazol e nistatina, utilizados como controles. Diante das condições estudadas e dos resultados obtidos, foi possível concluir que o óleo essencial de E. globulus L. apresentou atividade antifúngica sobre as espécies de Candida.

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Screening of antifungal activity of 12 essential oils against eight pathogenic fungi of vegetables and mushroom.

Autores: F Diánez, M Santos, C Parra, M J Navarro, R Blanco, F J Gea | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The antifungal properties of 12 Eos, that is, Syzygium aromaticum, Pelargonium graveolens, Lavandula angustifolia, Cupresus sempervirens, Mentha piperita, Santolina chamaecyparissus, Citrus sinensis, Pogostemon patchouli, Thymus mastichina, Thymus vulgaris, Eucalyptus globulus and Rosmarinus officinalis, were screened. The influence of five doses of each EOs was tested against Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora parasitica, Pythium aphanidermatum, Alternaria brassicae, Cladobotryum mycophilum and Trichoderma aggressivum f.sp. europaeum using disc-diffusion method. The mycelial growth inhibition and ED50 were calculated. The chemical analysis of the EOs was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. A total of 58 compounds were identified in the 12 EOs. All essential oils (EOs) analysed showed antifungal activity against the test pathogens in the range of 5·32-100%. The inhibitory effect of oils showed dose-dependent activity on the tested fungus. Based on the ED50 values, clove, rose geranium, peppermint and patchouli were the most effective. This study warrants further research into the practical use of EOs for the control of important myco- and phytopathogens in intensive horticulture.

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The in vitro effect of selected essential oils on the growth and mycotoxin production of Aspergillus species.

Autores: Miroslava Císarová, Dana Tančinová, Juraj Medo, Miroslava Kačániová | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The aim of the present study was to assess the antifungal and anti-toxinogenic activity of 15 essential oils (EOs) against three fungi of the genus Aspergillus (A. parasiticus KMi-227-LR, A. parasiticus KMi-220-LR and A. flavus KMi-202-LR). The minimum inhibitory doses (MIDs) of the tested essential oils and their antifungal activity were determined using the micro-atmosphere method. The original commercial essential oil samples of Jasminum officinale L., Thymus vulgaris L., Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry, Rosmarinus officinalis L., Ocimum basilicum L., Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Salvia officinalis L., Citrus limon (L.) Burm, Origanum vulgare L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Carum carvi L., Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck., Zingiber officinalis Rosc., Mentha piperita L. and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees. (C. verum J.S.Presl.) were produced in Slovakia (Calendula a.s., Nová Ľubovňa, Slovakia). All essential oils exhibited activity against all tested strains of fungi. After 14 days of incubation, A. flavus (KMi-202-LR) showed the highest susceptibility with a growth inhibition percentage (GIP) of 18.70% to C. limon and 5.92% to C. sinensis, while A. parasiticus (KMi-220-LR) exhibited a GIP of 20.56% to J. officinale. The minimum inhibitory doses (MIDs) of EOs with the most significant activity were recorded. The best antifungal activity, using the micro-atmosphere method was found in S. aromaticum with an MID of 62.5 μL L-1 air, T. vulgaris (MID of 62.5 μL L-1 air) and O. vulgare (MID of 31.5 μL L-1 air) against all tested strains. Mycotoxin production of the tested strains was evaluated by the thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. Mycotoxin production of AFB1 and AFG1 was inhibited following all treatments with C. carvi, R. officinale and S. officinale, Eucalyptus globulus L. and O. basilicum L. Essential oils exhibited a potential inhibition activity against toxic fungi, although, these affected only the production of AFB1.

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Atividade antifúngica in vitro do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus globulus L. sobre Candida spp./ Antifungal activity of the essential oils from Eucalyptus globulus L. on Candida spp

Autores: Castro, Ricardo Dias de; Lima, Edeltrudes de Oliveira | Ano: 2010 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Considerando a necessidade de obtenção de novos agentes terapêuticos voltados para o combate da candidose bucal, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a atividade antifúngica in vitro do óleo essencial do Eucalyptus globulus L. (eucalipto) frente a espécies de Candida envolvidas com infecções bucais. Para tanto, ensaios microbiológicos com finalidade de determinar a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM) foram realizados, respectivamente, utilizando as técnicas da microdiluição e do crescimento de unidades formadores de colônias em meio sólido. Para o óleo essencial de E. globulus L. foram observadas CIM de 312,5 microg.mL-1 para 76,2% das cepas de Candida e CFM de 625 microg.mL-1 para 81% das cepas ensaiadas. Todas as cepas foram sensíveis aos antifúngicos sintéticos, miconazol e nistatina, utilizados como controles. Diante das condições estudadas e dos resultados obtidos, foi possível concluir que o óleo essencial de E. globulus L. apresentou atividade antifúngica sobre as espécies de Candida.

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Antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus globulus oil, xylitol and papain: a pilot study/ Actividad antimicrobiana del aceite de Eucalyptus globulus, xilitol y papaína: estudio piloto/ Atividade antimicrobiana do óleo de Eucalyptus globulus, xilitol e papaína: estudo piloto

Autores: Mota, Valéria de Siqueira; Turrini, Ruth Natalia Teresa; Poveda, Vanessa de Brito | Ano: 2015 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the Eucalyptus globulus essential oil, and of the xylitol and papain substances against the following microorganisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Samonella sp.; Staphylococus aureus; Proteus vulgaris; Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. METHOD The in vitro antimicrobial evaluation was used by means of the agar diffusion test and evaluation of the inhibition zone diameter of the tested substances. Chlorhexidine 0.5% was used as control. RESULTS The Eucalyptus globulus oil showed higher inhibition than chlorhexidine when applied to Staphylococcus aureus, and equal inhibition when applied to the following microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Candida albicans. Papain 10% showed lower antimicrobial effect than chlorhexidine in relation to Candida albicans. Xylitol showed no inhibition of the tested microorganisms. CONCLUSION The Eucalyptus globulus oil has antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms and appears to be a viable alternative as germicidal agent hence, further investigation is recommended. .

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Atividade antimicrobiana de plantas medicinais indicadas para uso no Sistema Único de Saúde/ Actividad antimicrobiana de las plantas medicinales para su uso en el Sistema Único de Salud/ Antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants for their potential use in the Brazilian Unified Health System

Autores: Feitosa Alves, Vanessa; Dantas Figueiredo, Rebeca; Wanderley Cavalcanti, Yuri; Nascimento Padilha, Wilton Wilney | Ano: 2019 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: RESUMO Introdução: No Brasil, uma lista contendo 71 ervas medicinais foi divulgada pelo Ministério da Saúde com intuito de conduzir pesquisas e desenvolvimento de fitoterápicos para uso no Sistema Único de Saúde. Objetivo: Avaliar in vitro a atividade antimicrobiana de extratos de ervas medicinais sugeridos pelo Ministério da Saúde para utilização no Sistema Único de Saúde frente a bactérias orais. Métodos: Os extratos vegetais selecionados estavam na forma de óleo essencial (Eucalyptus globulus, Mentha piperita e Schinus terebinthifolius) ou tintura (Erythrina mulungu, Casearia sylvestris e Maytenus ilicifolia) e foram avaliados sobre Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), S. oralis (ATCC 10557) e S. salivarius (ATCC 7073). Realizou-se o teste de difusão em ágar com confecção de poços e adição de 50 µL dos extratos. Após 48 h em estufa bacteriológica, os halos de inibição foram medidos através de paquímetro. Para determinação da concentração inibitória mínima e da concentração bactericida mínima, realizou-se a técnica de microdiluição em microplacas e de esgotamento, respectivamente. A concentração inibitória mínima correspondeu a menor diluição na qual se verificou ausência de crescimento bacteriano visível. O controle positivo utilizado foi Clorexidina 0,12 porcento. Todos os testes foram realizados em triplicata e analisados descritivamente. Resultados: O extrato de Maytenus ilicifolia apresentou halos de inibição discretamente maiores aos demais produtos. Erythrina mulungu apresentou a menor da concentração inibitória mínima frente S. mutans (2,81 mg/mL) entre as tinturas e Mentha piperita (9,00), entre os óleos essenciais. Erythrina mulungu e Mentha piperita foram os únicos extratos que apresentaram concentração bactericida mínima frente às cepas utilizadas. Conclusão: Os extratos vegetais apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana frente a microrganismos orais destacando Mentha piperita e Erythrina mulungu(AU)

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In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Thymus schimperi, Matricaria chamomilla, Eucalyptus globulus, and Rosmarinus officinalis.

Autores: Awol Mekonnen, Berhanu Yitayew, Alemnesh Tesema, Solomon Taddese | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In this study, the in vitro antimicrobial activities of four plant essential oils (T. schimperi, E. globulus, R. officinalis, and M. Chamomilla) were evaluated against bacteria and fungi. The studies were carried out using agar diffusion method for screening the most effective essential oils and agar dilution to determine minimum inhibitory concentration of the essential oils. Results of this study revealed that essential oils of T. schimperi, E. globulus, and R. officinalis were active against bacteria and some fungi. The antimicrobial effect of M. chamomilla was found to be weaker and did not show any antimicrobial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of T. schimperi were <15.75 mg/mL for most of the bacteria and fungi used in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of the other essential oils were in the range of 15.75-36.33 mg/mL against tested bacteria. This study highlighted the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of E. globulus, M. chamomilla, T. Schimperi, and R. officinalis. The results indicated that T. schimperi have shown strong antimicrobial activity which could be potential candidates for preparation of antimicrobial drug preparation.

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Chemical Characterization and Bioactivity of Commercial Essential Oils and Hydrolates Obtained from Portuguese Forest Logging and Thinning.

Autores: Ana Ruas, Angelica Graça, Joana Marto, Lídia Gonçalves, Ana Oliveira, Alexandra Nogueira da Silva, Madalena Pimentel, Artur Mendes Moura, Ana Teresa Serra, Ana Cristina Figueiredo, Helena M Ribeiro | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils (EOs) and hydrolates (Hds) are natural sources of biologically active ingredients with broad applications in the cosmetic industry. In this study, nationally produced (mainland Portugal and Azores archipelago) EOs (11) and Hds (7) obtained from forest logging and thinning of Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea and Cryptomeria japonica, were chemically evaluated, and their bioactivity and sensorial properties were assessed. EOs and Hd volatiles (HdVs) were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. 1,8-Cineole was dominant in E. globulus EOs and HdVs, and α- and β-pinene in P. pinaster EOs. Limonene and α-pinene led in P. pinea and C. japonica EOs, respectively. P. pinaster and C. japonica HVs were dominated by α-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol, respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH, ORAC and ROS. C. japonica EO showed the highest antioxidant activity, whereas one of the E. globulus EOs showed the lowest. Antimicrobial activity results revealed different levels of efficacy for Eucalyptus and Pinus EOs while C. japonica EO showed no antimicrobial activity against the selected strains. The perception and applicability of emulsions with 0.5% of EOs were evaluated through an in vivo sensory study. C. japonica emulsion, which has a fresh and earthy odour, was chosen as the most pleasant fragrance (60%), followed by P. pinea emulsion (53%). In summary, some of the studied EOs and Hds showed antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and they are possible candidates to address the consumers demand for more sustainable and responsibly sourced ingredients.

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Ultrastructural Damages to H1N1 Influenza Virus Caused by Vapor Essential Oils.

Autores: Valentina Noemi Madia, Walter Toscanelli, Daniela De Vita, Marta De Angelis, Antonella Messore, Davide Ialongo, Luigi Scipione, Valeria Tudino, Felicia Diodata D'Auria, Roberto Di Santo, Stefania Garzoli, Annarita Stringaro, Marisa Colone, Magda Marchetti, Fabiana Superti, Lucia Nencioni, Roberta Costi | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Influenza viruses are transmitted from human to human via airborne droplets and can be transferred through contaminated environmental surfaces. Some works have demonstrated the efficacy of essential oils (EOs) as antimicrobial and antiviral agents, but most of them examined the liquid phases, which are generally toxic for oral applications. In our study, we describe the antiviral activity of Citrus bergamia, Melaleuca alternifolia, Illicium verum and Eucalyptus globulus vapor EOs against influenza virus type A. In the vapor phase, C. bergamia and M. alternifolia strongly reduced viral cytopathic effect without exerting any cytotoxicity. The E. globulus vapor EO reduced viral infection by 78% with no cytotoxicity, while I. verum was not effective. Furthermore, we characterized the EOs and their vapor phase by the head-space gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique, observing that the major component found in each liquid EO is the same one of the corresponding vapor phases, with the exception of M. alternifolia. To deepen the mechanism of action, the morphological integrity of virus particles was checked by negative staining transmission electron microscopy, showing that they interfere with the lipid bilayer of the viral envelope, leading to the decomposition of membranes. We speculated that the most abundant components of the vapor EOs might directly interfere with influenza virus envelope structures or mask viral structures important for early steps of viral infection.

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Genotoxic activity of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil in Aspergillus nidulans diploid cells.

Autores: C T Miyamoto, J Rocha de Sant'Anna, C C da Silva Franco, M M Cunico, O G Miguel, L C Côcco, C I Yamamoto, C Corrêa, M A A de Castro-Prado | Ano: 2009 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Eucalyptus globulus essential oil was evaluated for its genotoxic potential using a somatic segregation assay and a diploid strain of the fungus Aspergillus nidulans, heterozygous for nutritional and conidia color markers. The main compounds of the current essential oil sample were eucalyptol (49.0 %), alpha-pinene (8.9), beta-pinene (1.5), globulol (6.9), alpha-eudesmol (1.12), spathulenol (1.42), gamma-cadinene (1.45), trans-beta-elemenone (1.23) and aromandendrene (2.3), totaling 74 % of oil. Oil at 0.12 and 0.25 microL/mL was found to increase the mitotic instability of the original diploid strain and the number of diploid mitotic recombinants of A. nidulans. The genotoxicity of the oil was associated with the induction of mitotic crossing-over or with oil-broken chromosomes.

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Genotoxic activity of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil in Aspergillus nidulans diploid cells.

Autores: C T Miyamoto, J Rocha de Sant'Anna, C C da Silva Franco, M M Cunico, O G Miguel, L C Côcco, C I Yamamoto, C Corrêa, M A A de Castro-Prado | Ano: 2009 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Eucalyptus globulus essential oil was evaluated for its genotoxic potential using a somatic segregation assay and a diploid strain of the fungus Aspergillus nidulans, heterozygous for nutritional and conidia color markers. The main compounds of the current essential oil sample were eucalyptol (49.0 %), alpha-pinene (8.9), beta-pinene (1.5), globulol (6.9), alpha-eudesmol (1.12), spathulenol (1.42), gamma-cadinene (1.45), trans-beta-elemenone (1.23) and aromandendrene (2.3), totaling 74 % of oil. Oil at 0.12 and 0.25 microL/mL was found to increase the mitotic instability of the original diploid strain and the number of diploid mitotic recombinants of A. nidulans. The genotoxicity of the oil was associated with the induction of mitotic crossing-over or with oil-broken chromosomes.

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Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oils of Mentha spicata and Eucalyptus globulus on Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans in an In Vitro Model.

Autores: Guillermo Ernesto Landeo-Villanueva, María Elena Salazar-Salvatierra, Julio Reynaldo Ruiz-Quiroz, Noemi Zuta-Arriola, Benjamín Jarama-Soto, Oscar Herrera-Calderon, Josefa Bertha Pari-Olarte, Eddie Loyola-Gonzales | Ano: 2023 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the commercially available essential oils of Mentha spicata (spearmint) and Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus) on Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 biofilms in vitro, emulating dental plaque conditions. The composition of the essential oils (EOs) was determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with the main metabolites being Carvone (57.93%) and Limonene (12.91%) for Mentha spicata and 1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol) (65.83%) for Eucalyptus globulus. The inhibitory activity was evaluated using the methods of agar-well diffusion and colorimetric microdilution. The inhibition halos were 18.3 ± 0.47 mm and 27.0 ± 0.82 mm, and the MICs were 1.8484 mg/mL and 1.9168 mg/mL for the EOs of Mentha spicata and Eucalyptus globulus, respectively. The activity against the biofilms was evaluated on a substrate of bovine enamel pieces using a basal mucin medium (BMM) in anaerobic conditions with daily sucrose exposition cycles in order to emulate oral cavity conditions. The EOs were applied in a concentration of 0.5% in a sterile saline vehicle with 1% polysorbate 20. After 72 h of cultivation, a significant reduction was observed (p < 0.001%) on the biofilm biomass, which was evaluated by its turbidity in suspension and using a count of the recoverable organisms with regards to the control. The effects of the Eos were not significantly distinct from each other. The EOs showed antimicrobial activity against both the Streptococcus mutans planktonic and biofilm cultures. Thus, EOs may have great potential for the development of pharmaceutical and sanitary products for oral health.

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Ação de óleos essenciais e do alfa-bisabolol em ensaios experimentais in vitro com Leishmania amazonensis/ Action of essential oils and alpha-bisabolol experimental studies in vitro with Leishmania amazonensis

Autores: Rottini, Mariana Margatto | Ano: 2011 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: As leishmanioses são um conjunto de doenças de natureza crônica provocadas por parasitos intracelulares obrigatórios do gênero Leishmania, que podem causar lesões dérmicas ou, dependendo da espécie do parasito, podem também acometer órgãos internos tais como fígado, baço e medula óssea. As opções de tratamento disponíveis para a leishmaniose apresentam problemas envolvendo a eficácia além de inúmeros efeitos colaterais e casos de resistência relacionados aos principais fármacos. Isso tem incentivado a pesquisa de novos agentes com características leishmanicidas, que apresentem menos efeitos colaterais. Assim, a utilização de produtos naturais,derivados de plantas medicinais, vem despertando o interesse de pesquisadores para a busca de tratamentos alternativos, principalmente, para a leishmaniose cutânea. Alguns óleos essenciais ou compostos isolados de plantas, têm mostrado, em ensaios experimentais, efetiva ação leishmanicida, o que faz desses compostos opções promissoras no tratamento da leishmaniose cutânea. No presente trabalho avaliamos, in vitro, a atividade leishmanicida e a citotoxicidade de diferentes óleos essenciais como: Citrus limon, Citrus aurantim, Eucalyptus globulus, Endlicheria bracteolata e do alfa-bisabolol contra promastigotas e amastigotas intracelulares de L. amazonensis. Nossos resultados demonstraram que todos os óleos essenciais pesquisados apresentam atividade leishmanicida contra as formas promastigotas. Além disso, o óleo essencial de E. bracteolata e o alfa-bisabolol demonstraram uma excelente atividade contra as formas amastigotas intracelulares o que indica serem estes, compostos promissores para o desenvolvimento de um tratamento alternativo para a leishmaniose cutânea.

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Atividade ovicida e larvicida in vitro do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus globulus sobre Haemonchus contortus/ Ovicidal and larvicidal activity in vitro of Eucalyptus globulus essential oils on Haemonchus contortus

Autores: Macedo, Iara T. F; Bevilaqua, Claudia M. L; Oliveira, Lorena M. B. de; Camurça-Vasconcelos, Ana L. F; Vieira, Luiz da S; Oliveira, Fabrício R; Queiroz-Junior, Eudson M; Portela, Bruno G; Barros, Renata S; Chagas, Ana C. S | Ano: 2009 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus globulus (OEEG) sobre a eclosão e desenvolvimento de larvas de Haemonchus contortus. A determinação da composição química do OEEG foi feita por meio de cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa. No teste de eclosão de ovos (TEO), utilizaram-se as concentrações 21,75; 17,4; 8,7; 5,43 e 2,71 mg.mL-1; e no de desenvolvimento larvar (TDL) as concentrações foram 43,5; 21,75; 10,87; 5,43 e 2,71 mg.mL-1. Cada ensaio foi acompanhado por um controle positivo, 0,02 mg.mL-1 tiabendazol, no TEO e 0,008 mg.mL-1 ivermectina no TDL, e por um controle negativo com o diluente Tween 80 (3 por cento). A eficácia máxima obtida pelo OEEG sobre ovos foi de 99,3 por cento na concentração de 21,75 mg.mL-1 e, sobre larvas, 98,7 por cento na concentração de 43,5 mg.mL-1. A concentração do OEEG, que inviabilizou 50 por cento dos ovos e das larvas do parasito, foi de 8,3 e 6,92 mg.mL-1, respectivamente. A análise química do óleo identificou como principal componente o monoterpeno 1,8-cineol. O OEEG apresentou atividade ovicida e larvicida in vitro sobre H. contortus, determinando um bom potencial para utilização no controle de nematóides gastrintestinais de ovinos e caprinos.

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"Singing in the Tube"--audiovisual assay of plant oil repellent activity against mosquitoes (Culex pipiens).

Autores: Temitope F Adams, Chatchawal Wongchai, Anchalee Chaidee, Wolfgang Pfeiffer | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Plant essential oils have been suggested as a promising alternative to the established mosquito repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide). Searching for an assay with generally available equipment, we designed a new audiovisual assay of repellent activity against mosquitoes "Singing in the Tube," testing single mosquitoes in Drosophila cultivation tubes. Statistics with regression analysis should compensate for limitations of simple hardware. The assay was established with female Culex pipiens mosquitoes in 60 experiments, 120-h audio recording, and 2580 estimations of the distance between mosquito sitting position and the chemical. Correlations between parameters of sitting position, flight activity pattern, and flight tone spectrum were analyzed. Regression analysis of psycho-acoustic data of audio files (dB[A]) used a squared and modified sinus function determining wing beat frequency WBF ± SD (357 ± 47 Hz). Application of logistic regression defined the repelling velocity constant. The repelling velocity constant showed a decreasing order of efficiency of plant essential oils: rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), lemon (Citrus limon), patchouli (Pogostemon cablin), DEET, cedar wood (Cedrus atlantica). In conclusion, we suggest (1) disease vector control (e.g., impregnation of bed nets) by eight plant essential oils with repelling velocity superior to DEET, (2) simple mosquito repellency testing in Drosophila cultivation tubes, (3) automated approaches and room surveillance by generally available audio equipment (dB[A]: ISO standard 226), and (4) quantification of repellent activity by parameters of the audiovisual assay defined by correlation and regression analyses.

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Efeito acaricida de óleos essenciais e concentrados emulsionáveis de Eucalyptus spp em Boophilus microplus/ Acaricide effect of Eucalyptus spp essential oils and concentrated emulsion on Boophilus microplus

Autores: Chagas, Ana Carolina de Souza; Passos, Wanderley Mascarenhas; Prates, Hélio Teixeira; Leite, Romário Cerqueira; Furlong, John; Fortes, Isabel Cristina Pereira | Ano: 2002 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Realizou-se um estudo sobre a açäo biocida de Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus globulus e Eucalyptus staigeriana no carrapato Boophilus microplus, buscando-se a produçäo de acaricidas menos agressivos ao meio ambiente. Os óleos essenciais das três espécies e os concentrados emulsionáveis de E. globulus e E. staigeriana foram testados em cinco concentraçöes diferentes contra larvas e fêmeas ingurgitadas de B. microplus. Os óleos foram submetidos à análise por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG/EM), a fim de se investigar sua composiçäo. O citronelal é o principal componente do óleo de E. citriodora, sendo responsável por sua açäo acaricida. O mesmo ocorre com o 1,8-cineol em E. globulus. Em E. staigeriana existem várias substâncias que agem sinergicamente contra B. microplus. O óleo essencial de E. citriodora matou 100 por cento dos carrapatos a uma concentraçäo média de 17,5 por cento, o de E. globulus a 15 por cento e o de E. staigeriana a 12,5 por cento. Os concentrados emulsionáveis de E. globulus mataram 100 por cento dos carrapatos a uma concentraçäo média de 9,9 por cento e o de E. staigeriana a uma concentraçäo de 3,9 por cento. O desenvolvimento de produtos que possam ser testados a campo e comercializados a preços competitivos seräo passos a serem seguidos. Os biocarrapaticidas têm um apelo comercial grande, permitindo controlar B. microplus de um modo menos agressivo ao meio ambiente

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Eucalyptus oil nanoemulsions against eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus.

Autores: Samantha Nunes de Godoi, Lucas Trevisan Gressler, Antônio Francisco Igor Magalhães de Matos, André Gündel, Silvia Gonzalez Monteiro, Roberto Christ Vianna Santos, Alencar Kolinski Machado, Michele Rorato Sagrillo, Aline Ferreira Ourique | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Haemonchus contortus is a highly pathogenic and prevalent helminth that causes many deaths in sheep herds. Anthelmintics are usually employed to overcome this issue; however, they do not guarantee immediate and lasting efficacy because of the occurrence of drug-resistant parasites. Among substances that are used in scientific studies for parasitic control, essential oils are known to have different pharmacological properties. However, they demonstrate instability owing to several factors, and therefore, nanoemulsification is considered an alternative to control the instability and degradability of these compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of nanoemulsions containing essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus against the blood of healthy sheep and to verify their activity against the parasite H. contortus in sheep. The results presented adequate nanotechnological characteristics (diameter 72 nm, PDI 0.2, zeta -11 mV, and acidic pH) and adequate morphology. Further, the corona effect and cytotoxic profiles of the free oil and nanoemulsion against blood cells from healthy sheep were evaluated. The tests results did not present a toxicity profile. For evaluating efficacy, we observed an important anthelmintic action of the nanoemulsion containing oil in comparison to the free oil; the results demonstrate a potential role of the nanoemulsion in the inhibition of egg hatchability and the development of larvae L1 to L3 (infective stage). Based on these results, we developed an important and potential anthelmintic alternative for the control of the parasite H. contortus.

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Antimicrobial action of essential oil vapours and negative air ions against Pseudomonas fluorescens.

Autores: A K Tyagi, A Malik | Ano: 2010 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of essential oil (in liquid as well as in vapour phase) and negative air ions (NAI) against Pseudomonas fluorescens. The combined effect of NAI with essential oil vapour was also investigated to determine kill time and morphological changes in bacterial cells. The MIC of Cymbopogon citratus (0.567 mg/ml), Mentha arvensis (0.567 mg/ml), Mentha piperita (1.125 mg/ml) and Eucalyptus globulus (2.25 mg/ml) was studied via the agar dilution method. To estimate the antibacterial activity of essential oils in the vapour phase, agar plates inoculated with P. fluorescens were incubated with various concentrations of each essential oil vapour and zone of inhibition was recorded. Further, in order to assess the kill time, P. fluorescens inoculated agar plates were exposed to selected bactericidal essential oil vapour and NAI, separately, in an air-tight chamber. A continuous decrease in bacterial count was observed over time. A significant enhancement in the bactericidal action was observed by exposure to the combination of essential oil vapour and NAI as compared to their individual action. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the alteration in morphology of P. fluorescens cells after exposure to C. citratus oil vapour, NAI, and combination of C. citratus oil vapour and NAI. Maximum morphological deformation was found due to the combined effect of C. citratus oil vapour and NAI. This study demonstrates that the use of essential oils in the vapour phase is more advantageous than the liquid phase. Further the antibacterial effect of the essential oil vapours can be significantly enhanced by the addition of NAI. The work described here offers a novel and efficient approach for control of bacterial contamination that could be applied for food stabilization practices.

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Effect of eucalyptus essential oil on respiratory bacteria and viruses.

Autores: Claudio Cermelli, Anna Fabio, Giuliana Fabio, Paola Quaglio | Ano: 2008 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The activity of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil was determined for 120 isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes, 20 isolates of S. pneumoniae, 40 isolates of S. agalactiae, 20 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 40 isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, 30 isolates of H. parainfluenzae, 10 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 10 isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and two viruses, a strain of adenovirus and a strain of mumps virus, all obtained from clinical specimens of patients with respiratory tract infections. The cytotoxicity was evaluated on VERO cells by the MTT test. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the Kirby Bauer paper method, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration. H. influenzae, parainfluenzae, and S. maltophilia were the most susceptible, followed by S. pneumoniae. The antiviral activity, assessed by means of virus yield experiments titered by the end-point dilution method for adenovirus, and by plaque reduction assay for mumps virus, disclosed only a mild activity on mumps virus.

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GC-MS Profiling of Naturally Extracted Essential Oils: Antimicrobial and Beverage Preservative Actions.

Autores: Reham F El-Kased, Dina M El-Kersh | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the antimicrobial effects of natural essential oils (EO) and determine their preservative action. Eight natural essential oils were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans representing gram positive, gram negative, and fungi, respectively. The plant materials were used in this study viz. Thymus vulgaris-thyme (TV), Mentha virdis (MV), Mentha longifolia (ML), Rosmarinus officinalis-rosemary (RO), Lavandula dentata-lavender (LD), Origanum majorana-oregano (OM), which belong to the Lamiaceae family. The other two plants were Cymbopogon citratus-lemon grass (family Poaceae) (CC), and Eucalyptus globulus (family Myrtaceae) (EG). Employing the disc diffusion susceptibility test, minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations were estimated for each oil, followed by the addition of oils to pasteurized apple juice after microbial induction. The results revealed that thyme oil showed the maximum zone of inhibition against all tested microbes enriched with monoterpenes class viz. eucalyptol (24.3%), thymol (17.4%), and γ-terpinene (15.2%). All other tested oils exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of growth and their MIC ranged from 0.1 to 100 µL/mL. The recorded minimum bactericidal concentration values were apparently double the minimum inhibitory concentration. The EO of Mentha virdis followed by Mentha longifolia showed maximum antimicrobial activity against the tested organisms in pasteurized apple juice. A gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis of lemon grass, thyme, and Mentha virdis essential oils showed their enrichment with monoterpenes class recording 97.10, 97.04, and 97.61%, respectively.

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Effects of essential oils on native and recombinant acetylcholinesterases of Rhipicephalus microplus.

Autores: Everton Gomes Guimarães Dos Santos, Wallyson André Dos Santos Bezerra, Kevin B Temeyer, Adalberto A Pérez de León, Livio Martins Costa-Junior, Alexandra Martins Dos Santos Soares | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study reports the action of essential oils (EO) from five plants on the activity of native and recombinant acetylcholinesterases (AChE) from Rhipicephalus microplus. Enzyme activity of native susceptible AChE extract (S.AChE), native resistant AChE extract (R.AChE), and recombinant enzyme (rBmAChE1) was determined. An acetylcholinesterase inhibition test was used to verify the effect of the EO on enzyme activity. EO from Eucalyptus globulus, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus aurantium var.dulcis inhibited the activity of S.AChE and R.AChE. Oils from the two Citrus species inhibited S.AChE and R.AChE in a similar way while showing greater inhibition on R.AChE. The oil from E. globulus inhibited native AChE, but no difference was observed between the S.AChE and R.AChE; however, 71% inhibition for the rBmAChE1 was recorded. Mentha piperita oil also inhibited S.AChE and R.AChE, but there was significant inhibition at the highest concentration tested. Cymbopogon winterianus oil did not inhibit AChE. Further studies are warranted with the oils from the two Citrus species that inhibited R.AChE because of the problem with R. microplus resistant to organophosphates, which target AChE. C. winterianus oil can be used against R. microplus populations that are resistant to organophosphates because its acaricidal properties act by mechanism(s) other than AChE inhibition.

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Essential oil characterization of Prunus spinosa L., Salvia officinalis L., Eucalyptus globulus L., Melissa officinalis L. and Mentha x piperita L. by a volatolomic approach.

Autores: G Spadaccino, L Frabboni, F Petruzzi, G Disciglio, A Mentana, D Nardiello, M Quinto | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In this study a volatolomic approach is proposed for the characterization of the volatile organic compound (VOC) composition of essential oils (EOs) extracted from common aromatic plants. Five species (Prunus spinosa L., Salvia officinalis L., Eucalyptus globulus L., Melissa officinalis L. and Mentha x piperita L.), particularly widespread in Southern Italy, were selected as recognized sources of natural bioactive compounds with beneficial properties. Hydro distillation and solid-liquid extraction with ethanol at different percentages were used to obtain EOs, and their extraction capabilities were compared analyzing chromatographic profiles obtained by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analytical procedure was optimized in term of SPME fiber, adsorption time and desorption time. GC-MS analyses were performed allowing the profiling of the VOC fingerprint in each plant extract. Experimental data were processed by a statistical multivariate approach (Analysis of Variance and Principal Component Analysis obtained for compounds and chemical classes), confirming that EO aroma profiles were statistically different for each of the selected five plants. The proposed volatolomic approach has proved to be an easy and efficient tool to study the aroma profile, allowing the collection of specific information and opening new perspectives and opportunities for the detection and identification of VOCs in agricultural and ecological applications.

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Essential oils and Beauveria bassiana against Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae): Towards new natural acaricides.

Autores: Davide Immediato, Luciana Aguiar Figueredo, Roberta Iatta, Antonio Camarda, Rafaela Lira Nogueira de Luna, Annunziata Giangaspero, Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho, Domenico Otranto, Claudia Cafarchia | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils (EOs) and entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana (Bb) strains have the potential to be used as alternative insecticides and acaricides for controlling ectoparasites as Dermanyssus gallinae. These compounds have some limitations in their use: the acaricidal effect of EOs is rapid, but short-lived, whilst that of Bb is delayed, but long-lived. To evaluate the effect of both compounds combined against D. gallinae, the non-toxic dose of Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Thymus vulgaris and Eugenia caryophyllata essential oils were firstly calculated for "native" strains of Bb. Subsequently, the effects of the combination of selected EOs with Bb against nymph and adult poultry red mites (PRMs) was assessed. EO concentrations ranging from 0.0015 to 8% v/v (i.e., nine double dilutions) were used to evaluate their effect on germination, sporulation and vegetative growth rates of native strains of Bb. A total of 1440 mites (720 nymphs and 720 adults) were divided into three-treated group (TGs) and one control group (CG). In TGs, mites were exposed to Bb in combination with the selected EO (TG1), EO alone (TG2) or Bb (TG3) alone. In the CG, mites were exposed to 0.1% tween 80 plus EO solvent (CG). E. globulus and E. citriodora were toxic for Bb in concentrations higher than 0.2% and 0.003% respectively, whilst E. caryophyllata and T. vulgaris were toxic at all concentrations tested against Bb. Based on the results of the toxicity assays against Bb, E. globulus was chosen to be tested as acaricide resulting non-toxic for Bb at concentration lower than 0.4%. Increased mortality of D. gallinae adults was recorded in TG1 than those in other TGs from 4days post-infection (T+4DPI). A 100% mortality of D. gallinae was recorded in adults at T+9DPI and at T+10DPI in nymphs in TG1 and later than T+11DPI in the other TGs. Used in combination with E. globulus, Bb displayed an earlier acaricidal effect towards both haematophagous D. gallinae stages. The combination of B. bassiana and E. globulus at 0.2% might be used for controlling arthropods of medical and veterinary importance as D. gallinae.

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Acaricidal effect of Pelargonium roseum and Eucalyptus globulus essential oils against adult stage of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus in vitro.

Autores: Khodadad Pirali-Kheirabadi, Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh, Ali Halajian | Ano: 2009 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In a laboratory trial, in west-central Iran, the acaricidal effects of the essential oils (EOs) prepared from two medicinal plants, i.e. Pelargonium roseum and Eucalyptus globulus on the adult stage of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus were evaluated. For this purpose, the engorged females of R. (B) annulatus were exposed to two-fold serial dilutions of oils (0.31-5.0%) using a "dipping method" in vitro. The engorged ticks were immersed in different plant dilutions (eight per dilution) for 1min then each replicate was incubated in separate petri dishes at 26 degrees C and 80% relative humidity. The mortality rate for adult ticks exposed to different dilutions of P. roseum and E. globulus EO's showed a dose-dependent decrease. It was however significant only for the 2.5% and 5.0% dilutions of P. roseum EO, when compared to the non-treated control (P<0.05). The mass of produced eggs in adult female ticks exposed to both P. roseum and E. globulus EOs had decreased dose-dependently. It was significant for only 2.5% and 5.0% dilutions of P. roseum EO, comparing the non-treated control (P<0.05). The highest decrease in egg laying was reported for ticks treated with 5% dilutions of P. roseum (87.5%) and E. globosus (25%) (P<0.05). This is the first report that details the acaricidal activity of EO's obtained from P. roseum and E. globosus against R. (B) annulatus. The results show that both plants, particularly P. Roseum can be considered as potential candidates for biocontrol of R. (B) annulatus in the field.

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Adulticidal activities of Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf.) and Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) essential oils and of their synergistic combinations against Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), and Musca domestica (L.).

Autores: Mayura Soonwera, Sirawut Sittichok | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The knockdown and adulticidal activities of individual Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus globulus essential oils (EOs) and their combinations were evaluated against three medical insect pests (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Musca domestica) using a WHO susceptibility test. The knockdown and adulticidal activities against the three medical insect pests of combinations of C. citratus and E. globulus EOs were higher than those of individual EOs alone. Combinations of 7.5% C. citratus + 7.5% E. globulus EOs and 10% C. citratus + 10% E. globulus EOs exhibited the highest efficacy against females of the three species with 100% knockdown and mortality rates at 1 and 24 h after exposure, respectively. Their adulticidal activities were equivalent to that of 10% w/v cypermethrin. In contrast, 70% v/v ethyl alcohol negative control was not effective at all. The combinations of EOs showed a synergistic effect, i.e., their adulticidal activity was improved by 0.2 to 100%, with increased knockdown and mortality rates, compared to individual EOs. The highest synergistic effect on effective knockdown and adulticidal activities against females of the three species was achieved by a combination of 2.5% C. citratus + 2.5% E. globulus EOs, with 36.6 to 100% knockdown rate increase and 33.5 to 98.9% mortality rate increase. This study demonstrates that all tested combinations of C. citratus and E. globulus EOs were effective adulticidal agents against females of Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and M. domestica and have a high potential for development into a botanical insecticide for controlling populations of Aedes mosquitoes and houseflies.

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Insecticidal effect of Eucalyptus globulus and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils on a stored food pest Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidea).

Autores: Naouel Rekioua, Mahieddine Boumendjel, Faiza Taibi, Mohamed Faouzi Samar, Jouda Mediouni Ben Jemaa, Fouzia Benaliouch, Carmine Negro, Francesca Nicoli, Luigi De Bellis, Emna Boushih, Soumaya Haouel | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: For the purpose of evaluating the local heritage of eastern Numidia, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted on a population located in the province (department) of El-Tarf (North-East of Algeria) on a frequency of use of two plants known in traditional health; Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae). After processing data, our results show a female dominance when using these plants on a fairly advanced age group (40 to 60 years old). These plants are used by the people at their fresh state and deem the leaf as the most used part for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. Furthermore, steam baths and infusion remain the most widespread preparation methods. Most consumers use these plants to treat influenza, respiratory illnesses as well as diseases of the digestive tract. GC-MS of essential oils extracted from the plants studied disclose a dominance of the alcohols portrayed by the monoterpenes (42.73%), sesquiterpenes (32.6%) and oxides (10.48%) in E. globulus. Data also indicate a high content of oxides (38.11%) monoterpene alcohols (20.43%) and monoterpenes (19.70%) in R.officinalis. Toxicological contact tests were achieved on a store-products pest Ephestia kuehniella. The test results were assessed with E.globulus (LC50=0.013; LC95=0.081 µl/cm2) and R.officinalis (LC50=0.011; LC95=0.059 µl/cm2). The lethal time changes according to the dose used and the tested plant. In E.globulus, we observe (concentration: 0.005 µl/cm2; LT50=56.2 h), (Concentration: 0.01 µl/cm2; LT50=49.53h) and (Concentration: 0.04µl/cm2; LT50=20.93h). Whereas in R.officinalis, we recorded (Concentration: 0.005 µl/cm2; LT50=55.7h), (Concentration: 0.01µl/cm2; LT50=54.99 h) and (Concentration: 0.04µl/cm2; LT50=29.13 h). The bioinsecticide has also been administered by fumigation and underpins toxicity by the reduction of adults longevity in E.kuehniella with R.officinalis (LC50=4.03 µl/l air; LC95=14.73 µl/l air) and E.globulus (LC50=7.76 µl/lair; LC95=21.23 µl/l air). In addition, the tested plants show an outstanding repellent effect as long as E.globulus and  R.officinalis essential oils respectively demonstrate a slightly repellent power at 42.22% (RD50=0.09 µl/cm2 ; RD95=0.24 µl/cm2) and repellent at 60.00% (RD50=0.06 µl/cm2 ; RD95= 0.35 µl/cm2) towards E.kuehniella adults. The plant resources represent a genuine reserve of bioactive molecules, which can create solutions to sustainable development issues. These plants might be the source of new molecules of combat against some pests in order to protect human health and safeguard the environment.

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Conclusão: N/A

Insecticidal effect of Eucalyptus globulus and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils on a stored food pest Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidea).

Autores: Naouel Rekioua, Mahieddine Boumendjel, Faiza Taibi, Mohamed Faouzi Samar, Jouda Mediouni Ben Jemaa, Fouzia Benaliouch, Carmine Negro, Francesca Nicoli, Luigi De Bellis, Emna Boushih, Soumaya Haouel | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: For the purpose of evaluating the local heritage of eastern Numidia, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted on a population located in the province (department) of El-Tarf (North-East of Algeria) on a frequency of use of two plants known in traditional health; Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae). After processing data, our results show a female dominance when using these plants on a fairly advanced age group (40 to 60 years old). These plants are used by the people at their fresh state and deem the leaf as the most used part for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. Furthermore, steam baths and infusion remain the most widespread preparation methods. Most consumers use these plants to treat influenza, respiratory illnesses as well as diseases of the digestive tract. GC-MS of essential oils extracted from the plants studied disclose a dominance of the alcohols portrayed by the monoterpenes (42.73%), sesquiterpenes (32.6%) and oxides (10.48%) in E. globulus. Data also indicate a high content of oxides (38.11%) monoterpene alcohols (20.43%) and monoterpenes (19.70%) in R.officinalis. Toxicological contact tests were achieved on a store-products pest Ephestia kuehniella. The test results were assessed with E.globulus (LC50=0.013; LC95=0.081 µl/cm2) and R.officinalis (LC50=0.011; LC95=0.059 µl/cm2). The lethal time changes according to the dose used and the tested plant. In E.globulus, we observe (concentration: 0.005 µl/cm2; LT50=56.2 h), (Concentration: 0.01 µl/cm2; LT50=49.53h) and (Concentration: 0.04µl/cm2; LT50=20.93h). Whereas in R.officinalis, we recorded (Concentration: 0.005 µl/cm2; LT50=55.7h), (Concentration: 0.01µl/cm2; LT50=54.99 h) and (Concentration: 0.04µl/cm2; LT50=29.13 h). The bioinsecticide has also been administered by fumigation and underpins toxicity by the reduction of adults longevity in E.kuehniella with R.officinalis (LC50=4.03 µl/l air; LC95=14.73 µl/l air) and E.globulus (LC50=7.76 µl/lair; LC95=21.23 µl/l air). In addition, the tested plants show an outstanding repellent effect as long as E.globulus and  R.officinalis essential oils respectively demonstrate a slightly repellent power at 42.22% (RD50=0.09 µl/cm2 ; RD95=0.24 µl/cm2) and repellent at 60.00% (RD50=0.06 µl/cm2 ; RD95= 0.35 µl/cm2) towards E.kuehniella adults. The plant resources represent a genuine reserve of bioactive molecules, which can create solutions to sustainable development issues. These plants might be the source of new molecules of combat against some pests in order to protect human health and safeguard the environment.

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Conclusão: N/A

Protective Effect of Eucalyptus globulus Extracts Against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats.

Autores: Chirine Brinsi, Anouar Abidi, Karim Hosni, Haifa Tounsi, Hichem Sebai | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a fibrous interstitial pneumonia that causes damage to the lung tissue and thus alters all respiratory functions. In this study, we aim to investigate the therapeutic effects of fresh leaves of Eucalyptus globulus extracts on bleomycin (BLM)-induced (PF). Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups. The control group received no treatment, the BLM group received only intratracheally BLM (2 mg/kg), the essential water of Eucalyptus globulus (EWEG) group underwent administration of BLM followed by E. globulus hydrosol (2000 mg/kg), and the essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus (EOCG) group received BLM followed by E. globulus essential oil (10 mg/kg). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the main compounds of EOEG and EWEG are eucalyptol and spathulenol. Obtained results showed that BLM-induced PF caused a large accumulation of lymphocytes and monocytes in lung bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, a high fibrosis score, and an inflammatory index coupled to an oxidative stress state assessed by an increase in lipid peroxidation and depletion of the activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase and catalase. Otherwise, the treatment with EWEG and EOEG reversed the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species and the inflammation raised by BLM. E. globulus extracts could improve BLM-induced PF, thus suggesting that the latter could serve as a potential therapeutic approach for PF.

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Evaluation of Stability and In Vitro Security of Nanoemulsions Containing Eucalyptus globulus Oil.

Autores: Samantha Nunes de Godoi, Priscilla Maciel Quatrin, Michele Rorato Sagrillo, Kátia Nascimento, Roger Wagner, Bruna Klein, Roberto Christ Vianna Santos, Aline Ferreira Ourique | Ano: 2017 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus presents several pharmacological properties. However, their therapeutic efficacy may be affected by limitations due to several conditions, rendering it difficult to obtain stable and effective pharmaceutical formulations. The use of nanotechnology is an alternative to improve their characteristics aiming to ensure their stability and effectiveness. Furthermore, studies about the possible toxic effects of nanostructures are necessary to evaluate safety when the formulation comes into contact with human cells. Hence, in this paper, we evaluate for the first time the stability and in vitro cytogenotoxicity of nanoemulsions containing Eucalyptus globulus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. As a result, the stability study found that the best condition for storage up to 90 days was refrigeration (4°C); it was the condition that best preserved the nanometric features. The content of the major compounds of oil was maintained after nanoencapsulation and preserved over time. In tests to evaluate the safety of this formulation, we can conclude that, at a low concentration (approximately 0.1%), Eucalyptus globulus nanoemulsion did not cause toxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and also showed a protective effect in cells against possible damage when compared to oil in free form.

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Conclusão: N/A

Evaluation of Stability and In Vitro Security of Nanoemulsions Containing Eucalyptus globulus Oil.

Autores: Samantha Nunes de Godoi, Priscilla Maciel Quatrin, Michele Rorato Sagrillo, Kátia Nascimento, Roger Wagner, Bruna Klein, Roberto Christ Vianna Santos, Aline Ferreira Ourique | Ano: 2017 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus presents several pharmacological properties. However, their therapeutic efficacy may be affected by limitations due to several conditions, rendering it difficult to obtain stable and effective pharmaceutical formulations. The use of nanotechnology is an alternative to improve their characteristics aiming to ensure their stability and effectiveness. Furthermore, studies about the possible toxic effects of nanostructures are necessary to evaluate safety when the formulation comes into contact with human cells. Hence, in this paper, we evaluate for the first time the stability and in vitro cytogenotoxicity of nanoemulsions containing Eucalyptus globulus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. As a result, the stability study found that the best condition for storage up to 90 days was refrigeration (4°C); it was the condition that best preserved the nanometric features. The content of the major compounds of oil was maintained after nanoencapsulation and preserved over time. In tests to evaluate the safety of this formulation, we can conclude that, at a low concentration (approximately 0.1%), Eucalyptus globulus nanoemulsion did not cause toxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and also showed a protective effect in cells against possible damage when compared to oil in free form.

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Conclusão: N/A

Essential oil-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and β-carbolines in human plasma: A novel solvent-free alternative.

Autores: Gabriela de Oliveira Silveira, Felipe Rebello Lourenço, Ana Miguel Fonseca Pego, Rafael Guimarães Dos Santos, Giordano Novak Rossi, Jaime E C Hallak, Mauricio Yonamine | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The present study describes the development of a novel solvent-free vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction alternative based on a natural essential oil as extracting solvent (VA-EO-DLLME) for the determination of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), harmine (HRM), harmaline (HRL) and tetrahydroarmine (THH) (compounds found in the ayahuasca tea, a psychedelic plant preparation) in human plasma. After optimization through full factorial and Box-Behnken experimental designs, this VA-EO-DLLME followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was completely validated and applied to authentic plasma specimens. Sample preparation consisted in the addition of 60 mg of NaCl, 100 μL of borate buffer and 100 μL of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil to a 200 μL aliquot of human plasma. After 30 s of vortex agitation followed by 5 min of centrifugation (10,000 rpm), 80 μL of the oil supernatant was dried and resuspended in mobile phase prior to injection into the UHPLC-MS/MS system. Once optimized, the validated method yielded LoDs ≤1.0 ng mL-1 for all analytes. LoQ was 1.0 ng mL-1 for DMT, HRL and HRM and 2.0 ng mL-1 for THH. The method has shown to be linear over the range of LoQ up to 150 ng mL-1 (r2 ≥ 0.9926). Intra/inter-day precision and accuracy met the acceptance criteria at three quality control (QC) levels. An additional intermediate precision study demonstrated that, except for THH and HRL at low and medium QCs, the overall method performance was similar for the three different oil sources. Matrix effect evaluation showed predominant ion suppression, ranging from 56% to 83%. Recovery varied from 33 up to 101% with an average of 50 ± 15.8%. Selectivity studies showed no interferences. Analysis of 13 authentic samples proved method feasibility. Finally, we believe that our novel VA-EO-DLLME approach offers a very simple, fast, cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative based on the use of an easily accessible and entirely green material as an extracting solvent. This may represent an incentive for researchers to investigate novel and creative alternatives, such as essential oils, as substitutes of organic solvents for microextraction methods in forensic and clinical contexts.

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Synergistic combinations of high hydrostatic pressure and essential oils or their constituents and their use in preservation of fruit juices.

Autores: Laura Espina, Diego García-Gonzalo, Amin Laglaoui, Bernard M Mackey, Rafael Pagán | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This work addresses the inactivation achieved with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e by combined processes of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and essential oils (EOs) or their chemical constituents (CCs). HHP treatments (175-400 MPa for 20 min) were combined with 200 μL/L of each EO (Citrus sinensis L., Citrus lemon L., Citrus reticulata L., Thymus algeriensis L., Eucalyptus globulus L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Mentha pulegium L., Juniperus phoenicea L., and Cyperus longus L.) or each CC ((+)-limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, p-cymene, thymol, carvacrol, borneol, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineole, α-terpinyl acetate, camphor, and (+)-pulegone) in buffer of pH 4.0 or 7.0. The tested combinations achieved different degrees of inactivation, the most effective being (+)-limonene, carvacrol, C. reticulata L. EO, T. algeriensis L. EO and C. sinensis L. EO which were capable of inactivating about 4-5 log(10) cycles of the initial cell populations in combination with HHP, and therefore showed outstanding synergistic effects. (+)-Limonene was also capable of inactivating 5 log(10) cycles of the initial E. coli O157:H7 population in combination with HHP (300 MPa for 20 min) in orange and apple juices, and a direct relationship was established between the inactivation degree caused by the combined process with (+)-limonene and the occurrence of sublethal injury after the HHP treatment. This work shows the potential of EOs and CCs in the inactivation of foodborne pathogens in combined treatments with HHP, and proposes their possible use in liquid food such as fruit juices.

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Conclusão: N/A

Synergistic combinations of high hydrostatic pressure and essential oils or their constituents and their use in preservation of fruit juices.

Autores: Laura Espina, Diego García-Gonzalo, Amin Laglaoui, Bernard M Mackey, Rafael Pagán | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This work addresses the inactivation achieved with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e by combined processes of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and essential oils (EOs) or their chemical constituents (CCs). HHP treatments (175-400 MPa for 20 min) were combined with 200 μL/L of each EO (Citrus sinensis L., Citrus lemon L., Citrus reticulata L., Thymus algeriensis L., Eucalyptus globulus L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Mentha pulegium L., Juniperus phoenicea L., and Cyperus longus L.) or each CC ((+)-limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, p-cymene, thymol, carvacrol, borneol, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineole, α-terpinyl acetate, camphor, and (+)-pulegone) in buffer of pH 4.0 or 7.0. The tested combinations achieved different degrees of inactivation, the most effective being (+)-limonene, carvacrol, C. reticulata L. EO, T. algeriensis L. EO and C. sinensis L. EO which were capable of inactivating about 4-5 log(10) cycles of the initial cell populations in combination with HHP, and therefore showed outstanding synergistic effects. (+)-Limonene was also capable of inactivating 5 log(10) cycles of the initial E. coli O157:H7 population in combination with HHP (300 MPa for 20 min) in orange and apple juices, and a direct relationship was established between the inactivation degree caused by the combined process with (+)-limonene and the occurrence of sublethal injury after the HHP treatment. This work shows the potential of EOs and CCs in the inactivation of foodborne pathogens in combined treatments with HHP, and proposes their possible use in liquid food such as fruit juices.

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Influence of Mycosphaerella and Teratosphaeria leaf diseases on chemical composition of essential oils of Eucalyptus globulus and effect of these essential oils on ascospores germination.

Autores: Martha Maria Passador, Julio Massaharu Marubayashi, Roberta Pierry Uzzo, Marcia Ortiz Mayo Marques, Danila Monte Conceição, Ana Paula da Silva Marques, Edson Luiz Furtado | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In a first step, essential oils were extracted from Eucalyptus globulus leaves, healthy and with symptoms and signs of Mycosphaerella leaf disease (MLD) and Teratosphaeria leaf disease (TLD), in two leaf stages. Stage 1: sessile, oval leaves covered by a waxy layer of a bluish colour, with opposite phyllotaxis, inserted along stems of quadrangular section. Stage 2: narrow and sickle leaves with a greyish green surface, mainly on the abaxial surface, inserted in alternating pairs along rounded stems. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Chemical composition data and percentages of essential oil constituents were submitted to cluster analysis and principal component analysis. In a second step, under in vitro conditions, was evaluated the germination of Teratosphaeria nubilosa (one of the causal agents of TLD) ascospores in contact with the four types of essential oils extracted. The evaluations were performed at 24, 48 and 72 h after the experiments were assembled. The present study made it possible to distinguish and identify the chemical composition of essential oils from the eucalypt leaves used, and allowed 1,8-cineole to be identified as the major component for the essential oils investigated. The contact between essential oils and T. nubilosa spores allowed to prove the inhibition of the ascospores germination, being more efficient for the essential oils extracted from materials with the disease, which presented high amounts of 1,8-cineole.

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Influence of Mycosphaerella and Teratosphaeria leaf diseases on chemical composition of essential oils of Eucalyptus globulus and effect of these essential oils on ascospores germination.

Autores: Martha Maria Passador, Julio Massaharu Marubayashi, Roberta Pierry Uzzo, Marcia Ortiz Mayo Marques, Danila Monte Conceição, Ana Paula da Silva Marques, Edson Luiz Furtado | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In a first step, essential oils were extracted from Eucalyptus globulus leaves, healthy and with symptoms and signs of Mycosphaerella leaf disease (MLD) and Teratosphaeria leaf disease (TLD), in two leaf stages. Stage 1: sessile, oval leaves covered by a waxy layer of a bluish colour, with opposite phyllotaxis, inserted along stems of quadrangular section. Stage 2: narrow and sickle leaves with a greyish green surface, mainly on the abaxial surface, inserted in alternating pairs along rounded stems. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Chemical composition data and percentages of essential oil constituents were submitted to cluster analysis and principal component analysis. In a second step, under in vitro conditions, was evaluated the germination of Teratosphaeria nubilosa (one of the causal agents of TLD) ascospores in contact with the four types of essential oils extracted. The evaluations were performed at 24, 48 and 72 h after the experiments were assembled. The present study made it possible to distinguish and identify the chemical composition of essential oils from the eucalypt leaves used, and allowed 1,8-cineole to be identified as the major component for the essential oils investigated. The contact between essential oils and T. nubilosa spores allowed to prove the inhibition of the ascospores germination, being more efficient for the essential oils extracted from materials with the disease, which presented high amounts of 1,8-cineole.

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Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oils of Mentha spicata and Eucalyptus globulus on Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans in an In Vitro Model.

Autores: Guillermo Ernesto Landeo-Villanueva, María Elena Salazar-Salvatierra, Julio Reynaldo Ruiz-Quiroz, Noemi Zuta-Arriola, Benjamín Jarama-Soto, Oscar Herrera-Calderon, Josefa Bertha Pari-Olarte, Eddie Loyola-Gonzales | Ano: 2023 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the commercially available essential oils of Mentha spicata (spearmint) and Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus) on Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 biofilms in vitro, emulating dental plaque conditions. The composition of the essential oils (EOs) was determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with the main metabolites being Carvone (57.93%) and Limonene (12.91%) for Mentha spicata and 1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol) (65.83%) for Eucalyptus globulus. The inhibitory activity was evaluated using the methods of agar-well diffusion and colorimetric microdilution. The inhibition halos were 18.3 ± 0.47 mm and 27.0 ± 0.82 mm, and the MICs were 1.8484 mg/mL and 1.9168 mg/mL for the EOs of Mentha spicata and Eucalyptus globulus, respectively. The activity against the biofilms was evaluated on a substrate of bovine enamel pieces using a basal mucin medium (BMM) in anaerobic conditions with daily sucrose exposition cycles in order to emulate oral cavity conditions. The EOs were applied in a concentration of 0.5% in a sterile saline vehicle with 1% polysorbate 20. After 72 h of cultivation, a significant reduction was observed (p < 0.001%) on the biofilm biomass, which was evaluated by its turbidity in suspension and using a count of the recoverable organisms with regards to the control. The effects of the Eos were not significantly distinct from each other. The EOs showed antimicrobial activity against both the Streptococcus mutans planktonic and biofilm cultures. Thus, EOs may have great potential for the development of pharmaceutical and sanitary products for oral health.

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Chemical composition of Eucalyptus spp. essential oils and their insecticidal effects on Lutzomyia longipalpis.

Autores: M V Maciel, S M Morais, C M L Bevilaqua, R A Silva, R S Barros, R N Sousa, L C Sousa, E S Brito, M A Souza-Neto | Ano: 2010 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The chemical composition of essential oils from three species of plants belonging to the Eucalyptus genus was determined and, their insecticidal effects on egg, larva and adult phases of Lutzomyia longipalpis were assessed. The insects were collected in the municipality of Sobral in the State of Ceará, Brazil. Five treatments with different concentrations were performed along with two negative controls, distilled water and Tween 80 (3%), and a positive control, cypermethrin (0.196mg/ml). The tests were carried out in plastic pots internally coated with sterile plaster and filled with a substrate made of rabbit feces and crushed cassava leaves. The eggs, larvae and adults were sprayed with the oils. The hatched larvae were counted for 10 consecutive days and observed until pupation. Insect mortality was observed after 24, 48 and 72h. E. staigeriana oil was the most effective on all three phases of the insect, followed by E. citriodora and E. globulus oils, respectively. The major constituents of the oils were Z-citral and alpha-citral (E. staigeriana), citronellal (E. citriodora) and 1,8-cineole (E. globulus). The Eucalyptus essential oils constitute alternative natural products for the control of L. longipalpis since the median effective concentration (EC(50)) values revealed relevant action as compared with other natural products, some of their chemical constituents are already known for their insecticidal activity and these oils are produced in commercial scale in Brazil.

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Compositional analysis and insecticidal activity of Eucalyptus globulus (family: Myrtaceae) essential oil against housefly (Musca domestica).

Autores: Peeyush Kumar, Sapna Mishra, Anushree Malik, Santosh Satya | Ano: 2012 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) was evaluated for its chemical composition and insecticidal activity against the housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Chemical composition of E. globulus oil revealed 1,8-cineole (33.6%), α-pinene (14.2%) and d-limonene (10.1%) as major constituents, while vapour profile of E. globulus oil determined through solid phase microextraction (SPME) analysis showed 1,8-cineole (56.5%), α-pinene (16.9%), d-limonene (5.5%) and linalool acetate (3.4%) as principal components. Vapour phase of the oil showed increase in the contents of oxygenated monoterpenes. Insecticidal activity of E. globulus oil was assessed against larvae and pupae of housefly, through two different bioassays: contact toxicity and fumigation. Contact toxicity assay with larva showed lethal concentration, LC(50), between 2.73 and 0.60μl/cm(2) for different observation days while lethal time, LT(50), varied between 6.0 and 1.7 days. In fumigant assay for housefly larvae, LC(50) values of 66.1 and 50.1μl/l were obtained in 24h and 48h, respectively. Oil treated larvae showed surface shrinkage, spinous cells proliferation and bleb formation in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. Pupicidal effectivity was measured in terms of percentage inhibition rate (PIR) which was 36.0-93.0% for contact toxicity and 67.9-100% for fumigation toxicity assay. Considerable activity of E. globulus oil against larvae and pupae of housefly demonstrates its potentiality as a viable option for the development of eco-friendly product for housefly control.

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Insecticidal activity of three essential oils against two new important soybean pests: Sternechus pinguis (Fabricius) and Rhyssomatus subtilis Fiedler (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)/ Actividad insecticida de tres aceites esenciales contra dos nuevas plagas importantes de la soja: Sternechus pinguis (Fabricius) y Rhyssomatus subtilis Fiedler (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Autores: Zunino, María P; Areco, Vanessa A; Zygadlo, Julio A | Ano: 2012 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: In the present study, the essential oils from Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck and Citrus limon L. were analysed by GC-MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) and evaluated for their toxic effects on Sternechus subsignatus and Rhyssomatus subtilis, two important pest of soybean in South America. Contact toxicity assayed by impregnation on filter paper discs showed that these oils caused significant mortality of the test insects (100 percent of mortality at 5 uL/cm2). Eucalyptus oil (98.9 percent of 1,8-cineole) had the greatest contact toxicity (LD50 = 0.40 and 0.84 uL/cm2 for S. pinguis and R. subtilis, respectively), whereas orange (87.6 percent of limonene) and lemon oils (62.5 and 12.6 percent of limonenen and beta pinene, respectively) were less toxic (LD50 > 1 uL/cm2 for both insects). All the responses were found dose-dependent. Rhyssomatus subtilis was more resistant than Sternechus pinguis to the toxicity of the essential oils studied.

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Essential oils from two Eucalyptus from Tunisia and their insecticidal action on Orgyia trigotephras (Lepidotera, Lymantriidae)

Autores: Slimane, Badreddine Ben; Ezzine, Olfa; Dhahri, Samir; Jamaa, Mohamed Lahbib Ben | Ano: 2014 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: BACKGROUND: Essential oils extracted from aromatic and medicinal plants have many biological properties and are therefore an alternative to the use of synthetic products. The chemical composition of essential oils from two medicinal plants (Eucalyptus globulus and E. lehmannii) was determined and, their insecticidal effects on the third and fourth larval stages of Orgyia trigotephras were assessed. RESULTS: Larvae were collected from Jebel Abderrahmane (North-East of Tunisia), conserved in groups of 50/box (21 × 10 × 10 cm) at a temperature of 25°C. Larvae were tested for larvicidal activities of essential oils. Each oil was diluted in ethanol (96%) to prepare 3 test solutions (S1 = 0.05%, S2 = 0.10% and S3 = 0.50%). Essential oils were used for contact, ingestion and Olfactory actions and compared to reference products (Bacillus thuringiensis and Decis). Olfactory action of essential oils shows that larvae mortality is higher than contact action, lower than ingestion action. MTM and FTM of S3 of E. lehmannii were respectively 1 h 32 min and 1 h 39 min are higher than those of E. globulus (MTM = 51 min and FTM = 1 h 22 min 34 sec). Contact action of E. lehmannii oil shows low insecticidal activity compared to E. globulus. MTM are respectively (1 min 52 sec and 1 min 7 sec), FTM are (2 min 38 sec, 1 min 39 sec), are the shortest recorded for S3, on the third stage of larvae. The fourth stage of larvae, MTM are (2 min 20 sec and 2 min 9 sec), FTM are (3 min 25 sec, 3 min 19 sec). Ingestion action of essential oils is longer than the contact action, since the time of death exceeds 60 minutes for all species. CONCLUSION: Results shows that essential oils have a toxic action on nerves leading to a disruption of vital system of insects. High toxic properties make these plant-derived compounds suitable for incorporation in integrated pest management programs.

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Compositional analysis and insecticidal activity of Eucalyptus globulus (family: Myrtaceae) essential oil against housefly (Musca domestica).

Autores: Peeyush Kumar, Sapna Mishra, Anushree Malik, Santosh Satya | Ano: 2012 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) was evaluated for its chemical composition and insecticidal activity against the housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Chemical composition of E. globulus oil revealed 1,8-cineole (33.6%), α-pinene (14.2%) and d-limonene (10.1%) as major constituents, while vapour profile of E. globulus oil determined through solid phase microextraction (SPME) analysis showed 1,8-cineole (56.5%), α-pinene (16.9%), d-limonene (5.5%) and linalool acetate (3.4%) as principal components. Vapour phase of the oil showed increase in the contents of oxygenated monoterpenes. Insecticidal activity of E. globulus oil was assessed against larvae and pupae of housefly, through two different bioassays: contact toxicity and fumigation. Contact toxicity assay with larva showed lethal concentration, LC(50), between 2.73 and 0.60μl/cm(2) for different observation days while lethal time, LT(50), varied between 6.0 and 1.7 days. In fumigant assay for housefly larvae, LC(50) values of 66.1 and 50.1μl/l were obtained in 24h and 48h, respectively. Oil treated larvae showed surface shrinkage, spinous cells proliferation and bleb formation in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. Pupicidal effectivity was measured in terms of percentage inhibition rate (PIR) which was 36.0-93.0% for contact toxicity and 67.9-100% for fumigation toxicity assay. Considerable activity of E. globulus oil against larvae and pupae of housefly demonstrates its potentiality as a viable option for the development of eco-friendly product for housefly control.

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The insecticidal and repellent activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) essential oils against Culex theileri Theobald, 1903 (Diptera: Culicidae.

Autores: Samin Madreseh-Ghahfarokhi, Yaser Pirali, Azam Dehghani-Samani, Amir Dehghani-Samani | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Insecticidal and repellent activity of essential oils of Zingiber officinale and Eucalyptus globulus against Culex theileri Theobald, 1903 as a wide-distributed species of mosquitoes in different parts of world with an important role in transmission of infectious organisms and agent were studied. Essential oils were extracted from fresh parts of plants and different concentrations of 250 μl/ml, 500 μl/ml, 750 μl/ml and 1 (undiluted extract) were prepared for each of essential oils. Insecticidal and repellent activity of essential oils against adult form of Culex theileri Theobald mosquitoes, collected from small pools located near the Zayande-Rood River in the Saman city, Iran, were examined via direct exposure method and Y-tube olfactometer bioassay, respectively. Results of current study, as the first study on insecticidal and repellent activity of mentioned essential oils against Culex theileri Theobald, show considerable values of insecticidal and repellent activity against mosquitoes, concentration of one (undiluted extract) had the highest insecticidal and repellent activity against Culex theileri Theobald for both of essential oils and essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus (66% insecticidal and 74% repellent activity) was more potent than Zingiber officinale (45% insecticidal and 61% repellent activity). This study shows that these essential oils can be considered as good replaces for chemical pesticides but more experiments are need for this purpose. Study on insecticidal activity of these essential oils in the field condition can be considered as a subject for next experiments.

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Larvicidal potential of essential oils against Musca domestica and Anopheles stephensi.

Autores: Nitin Chauhan, Anushree Malik, Satyawati Sharma, R C Dhiman | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The larvicidal activity of Mentha piperita, Cymbopogan citratus (lemongrass), Eucalyptus globulus and Citrus sinensis (orange) essential oils and their combinations was evaluated against Musca domestica (housefly) and Anopheles stephensi (mosquitoes) through contact toxicity assay. Among all the tested essential oils/combinations, Me. piperita was found to be the most effective larvicidal agent against Mu. domestica and An. stephensi with LC50 values of 0.66 μl/cm(2) and 44.66 ppm, respectively, after 48 h. The results clearly highlighted that the addition of mentha oil to other oils (1:1 ratio) improved their larvicidal activity. The order of effectiveness of essential oils/combinations indicated that the pattern for An. stephensi follows the trend as mentha > mentha + lemongrass > lemongrass > mentha + eucalyptus > eucalyptus > mentha + orange > orange and for Mu. domestica as mentha > mentha + lemongrass > lemongrass > mentha + orange > orange > mentha + eucalyptus > eucalyptus. The images obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated the toxic effect of Me. piperita as the treated larvae were observed to be dehydrated and deformed. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of tested essential oils/combinations against the larval stages of Mu. domestica and An. stephensi and has the potential for development of botanical formulations.

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Larvicidal potential of essential oils against Musca domestica and Anopheles stephensi.

Autores: Nitin Chauhan, Anushree Malik, Satyawati Sharma, R C Dhiman | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The larvicidal activity of Mentha piperita, Cymbopogan citratus (lemongrass), Eucalyptus globulus and Citrus sinensis (orange) essential oils and their combinations was evaluated against Musca domestica (housefly) and Anopheles stephensi (mosquitoes) through contact toxicity assay. Among all the tested essential oils/combinations, Me. piperita was found to be the most effective larvicidal agent against Mu. domestica and An. stephensi with LC50 values of 0.66 μl/cm(2) and 44.66 ppm, respectively, after 48 h. The results clearly highlighted that the addition of mentha oil to other oils (1:1 ratio) improved their larvicidal activity. The order of effectiveness of essential oils/combinations indicated that the pattern for An. stephensi follows the trend as mentha > mentha + lemongrass > lemongrass > mentha + eucalyptus > eucalyptus > mentha + orange > orange and for Mu. domestica as mentha > mentha + lemongrass > lemongrass > mentha + orange > orange > mentha + eucalyptus > eucalyptus. The images obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated the toxic effect of Me. piperita as the treated larvae were observed to be dehydrated and deformed. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of tested essential oils/combinations against the larval stages of Mu. domestica and An. stephensi and has the potential for development of botanical formulations.

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Comparative efficacy of Eucalyptus globulus (Labill) hydrodistilled essential oil and temephos as mosquito larvicide.

Autores: Perumal Vivekanandhan, Ayyakkannu Usha-Raja-Nanthini, Gurusamy Valli, Muthugoundar Subramanian Shivakumar | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In this study Eucalyptus globulus essential oil was tested on major mosquito species and toxicity was compared with temephos. Mortality was calculated after 24 h and 48 h post treatment. In 24 h treatment essential oil show strong larvicidal activity with LC50 and LC90 values were 30.198ppm, 103.389ppm for Anopheles stephensi, 13.578ppm, 106.755ppm for Aedes aegypti; and, 7.469ppm, 32.454ppm for Culex quinquefasciatus and 48 h post treatment LC50 and LC90 values were, 12.576, 49.380ppm for Anopheles stephensi, 7.926, 34.470ppm for Aedes aegypti and 4.408, 21.048ppm for Culex quinquefasciatus. Chemical composition of essential oil using GC-MS and FT-IR analysis shows the presence of 1,8-cineol, (71.7%); α-pinene, (9.14%) as a major compounds. Our findings suggest that essential oil from Eucalyptus globulus leaves can be used for control of mosquito larvae.

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Comparative efficacy of Eucalyptus globulus (Labill) hydrodistilled essential oil and temephos as mosquito larvicide.

Autores: Perumal Vivekanandhan, Ayyakkannu Usha-Raja-Nanthini, Gurusamy Valli, Muthugoundar Subramanian Shivakumar | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In this study Eucalyptus globulus essential oil was tested on major mosquito species and toxicity was compared with temephos. Mortality was calculated after 24 h and 48 h post treatment. In 24 h treatment essential oil show strong larvicidal activity with LC50 and LC90 values were 30.198ppm, 103.389ppm for Anopheles stephensi, 13.578ppm, 106.755ppm for Aedes aegypti; and, 7.469ppm, 32.454ppm for Culex quinquefasciatus and 48 h post treatment LC50 and LC90 values were, 12.576, 49.380ppm for Anopheles stephensi, 7.926, 34.470ppm for Aedes aegypti and 4.408, 21.048ppm for Culex quinquefasciatus. Chemical composition of essential oil using GC-MS and FT-IR analysis shows the presence of 1,8-cineol, (71.7%); α-pinene, (9.14%) as a major compounds. Our findings suggest that essential oil from Eucalyptus globulus leaves can be used for control of mosquito larvae.

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Productive parameters, cecal microflora, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant status, and thigh muscle fatty acid profile in broiler chickens fed with Eucalyptus globulus essential oil.

Autores: H Mohebodini, V Jazi, A Ashayerizadeh, M Toghyani, G Tellez-Isaias | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary inclusion of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) on growth performance, relative organ weight, cecal microflora, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters, and thigh muscle fatty acid profile in broiler chickens. A total of six hundred 1-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly allocated into 5 treatment groups with 8 replicate pens, and each pen contained 15 birds. The experiment lasted for 42 d. Dietary treatments included corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 mg/kg EEO. The results indicated that dietary treatments had no effect on growth performance parameters in the 1 to 10 d period. From day 11 to 24, dietary supplementation of EEO showed a linear decrease in feed conversion ratio (FCR, P < 0.05). From day 25 to 42 and the overall period (1-42 d), broilers fed with different levels of EEO showed a linear increase in body weight gain (BWG) and reduction in feed conversion ratio (linear, P < 0.05). The relative organ weight were unaffected by any of the dietary treatments. With increasing levels of EEO, the cecal Escherichia coli (linear, P = 0.085) count showed a trend in reduction, and the cecal lactic acid bacteria population tended to increase (linear, P = 0.063). The apparent ileal digestibility of ether extract and organic matter were linearly and quadratically increased in response to increasing dietary EEO supplementation (P < 0.05). A trend of linear decrease in total cholesterol in the serum of birds fed with different levels of EEO was recorded (P = 0.074). Eucalyptus essential oil's inclusion increased serum superoxide dismutase linearly but reduced serum malondialdehyde linearly (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of EEO affected the fatty acid profile of thigh muscle so that increased the concentrations of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (linear, P < 0.05) and reduced total saturated fatty acid contents (linear, P < 0.05). Taken together, the inclusion of EEO increased BWG and decreased FCR during day 25 to 42 and day 1 to 42, and partially improved cecal microflora balance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant activity, and thigh muscle fatty acid profile in broiler chickens.

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Productive parameters, cecal microflora, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant status, and thigh muscle fatty acid profile in broiler chickens fed with Eucalyptus globulus essential oil.

Autores: H Mohebodini, V Jazi, A Ashayerizadeh, M Toghyani, G Tellez-Isaias | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary inclusion of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) on growth performance, relative organ weight, cecal microflora, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters, and thigh muscle fatty acid profile in broiler chickens. A total of six hundred 1-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly allocated into 5 treatment groups with 8 replicate pens, and each pen contained 15 birds. The experiment lasted for 42 d. Dietary treatments included corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 mg/kg EEO. The results indicated that dietary treatments had no effect on growth performance parameters in the 1 to 10 d period. From day 11 to 24, dietary supplementation of EEO showed a linear decrease in feed conversion ratio (FCR, P < 0.05). From day 25 to 42 and the overall period (1-42 d), broilers fed with different levels of EEO showed a linear increase in body weight gain (BWG) and reduction in feed conversion ratio (linear, P < 0.05). The relative organ weight were unaffected by any of the dietary treatments. With increasing levels of EEO, the cecal Escherichia coli (linear, P = 0.085) count showed a trend in reduction, and the cecal lactic acid bacteria population tended to increase (linear, P = 0.063). The apparent ileal digestibility of ether extract and organic matter were linearly and quadratically increased in response to increasing dietary EEO supplementation (P < 0.05). A trend of linear decrease in total cholesterol in the serum of birds fed with different levels of EEO was recorded (P = 0.074). Eucalyptus essential oil's inclusion increased serum superoxide dismutase linearly but reduced serum malondialdehyde linearly (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of EEO affected the fatty acid profile of thigh muscle so that increased the concentrations of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (linear, P < 0.05) and reduced total saturated fatty acid contents (linear, P < 0.05). Taken together, the inclusion of EEO increased BWG and decreased FCR during day 25 to 42 and day 1 to 42, and partially improved cecal microflora balance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant activity, and thigh muscle fatty acid profile in broiler chickens.

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Ovicidal and repellent activities of several plant essential oils against Periplaneta americana L. and enhanced activities from their combined formulation.

Autores: Mayura Soonwera, Tanapoom Moungthipmalai, Wacharaporn Takawirapat, Sirawut Sittichok | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Natural ovicidal and repellent agents against Periplaneta americana L. are urgently needed, and plant essential oils (EOs) can assume this role quite readily. In this study, ovicidal and repellent activities against Periplaneta americana of EOs from Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf.), Cinnamomum verum (J. Presl.), Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.), Illicium verum (Hook.f.), and Zanthoxylum limonella (Alston) in soybean oil and in ethyl alcohol were determined by topical and dual-choice assays, as well as 10% cypermethrin and a combined formulation of 5% C. verum EO + 5% I. verum EO. Cypermethrin at 10% provided the highest toxicity (100% inhibition rate) against the eggs, but only slightly higher than that (99.3%) provided by the combined EO formulation, while the highest repellent activity against the adults was provided by the combined formulation (89.5% repelled cockroaches at 48 h after treatment). In addition, all EO formulations in soybean oil provided higher ovicidal and repellent activities than those in ethyl alcohol. To conclude, the combined EO formulation in soybean oil can replace cypermethrin because their efficacy was nearly equivalent, but the combination should be much safer to use.

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Chemical Characterization and Bioactivity of Commercial Essential Oils and Hydrolates Obtained from Portuguese Forest Logging and Thinning.

Autores: Ana Ruas, Angelica Graça, Joana Marto, Lídia Gonçalves, Ana Oliveira, Alexandra Nogueira da Silva, Madalena Pimentel, Artur Mendes Moura, Ana Teresa Serra, Ana Cristina Figueiredo, Helena M Ribeiro | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils (EOs) and hydrolates (Hds) are natural sources of biologically active ingredients with broad applications in the cosmetic industry. In this study, nationally produced (mainland Portugal and Azores archipelago) EOs (11) and Hds (7) obtained from forest logging and thinning of Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea and Cryptomeria japonica, were chemically evaluated, and their bioactivity and sensorial properties were assessed. EOs and Hd volatiles (HdVs) were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. 1,8-Cineole was dominant in E. globulus EOs and HdVs, and α- and β-pinene in P. pinaster EOs. Limonene and α-pinene led in P. pinea and C. japonica EOs, respectively. P. pinaster and C. japonica HVs were dominated by α-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol, respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH, ORAC and ROS. C. japonica EO showed the highest antioxidant activity, whereas one of the E. globulus EOs showed the lowest. Antimicrobial activity results revealed different levels of efficacy for Eucalyptus and Pinus EOs while C. japonica EO showed no antimicrobial activity against the selected strains. The perception and applicability of emulsions with 0.5% of EOs were evaluated through an in vivo sensory study. C. japonica emulsion, which has a fresh and earthy odour, was chosen as the most pleasant fragrance (60%), followed by P. pinea emulsion (53%). In summary, some of the studied EOs and Hds showed antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and they are possible candidates to address the consumers demand for more sustainable and responsibly sourced ingredients.

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Conclusão: N/A

Chemical Characterization and Bioactivity of Commercial Essential Oils and Hydrolates Obtained from Portuguese Forest Logging and Thinning.

Autores: Ana Ruas, Angelica Graça, Joana Marto, Lídia Gonçalves, Ana Oliveira, Alexandra Nogueira da Silva, Madalena Pimentel, Artur Mendes Moura, Ana Teresa Serra, Ana Cristina Figueiredo, Helena M Ribeiro | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils (EOs) and hydrolates (Hds) are natural sources of biologically active ingredients with broad applications in the cosmetic industry. In this study, nationally produced (mainland Portugal and Azores archipelago) EOs (11) and Hds (7) obtained from forest logging and thinning of Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea and Cryptomeria japonica, were chemically evaluated, and their bioactivity and sensorial properties were assessed. EOs and Hd volatiles (HdVs) were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. 1,8-Cineole was dominant in E. globulus EOs and HdVs, and α- and β-pinene in P. pinaster EOs. Limonene and α-pinene led in P. pinea and C. japonica EOs, respectively. P. pinaster and C. japonica HVs were dominated by α-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol, respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH, ORAC and ROS. C. japonica EO showed the highest antioxidant activity, whereas one of the E. globulus EOs showed the lowest. Antimicrobial activity results revealed different levels of efficacy for Eucalyptus and Pinus EOs while C. japonica EO showed no antimicrobial activity against the selected strains. The perception and applicability of emulsions with 0.5% of EOs were evaluated through an in vivo sensory study. C. japonica emulsion, which has a fresh and earthy odour, was chosen as the most pleasant fragrance (60%), followed by P. pinea emulsion (53%). In summary, some of the studied EOs and Hds showed antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and they are possible candidates to address the consumers demand for more sustainable and responsibly sourced ingredients.

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Nano-Antibacterials Using Medicinal Plant Components: An Overview.

Autores: Sourav Ghosh, Susmita Nandi, Tarakdas Basu | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Gradual emergence of new bacterial strains, resistant to one or more antibiotics, necessitates development of new antibacterials to prevent us from newly evolved disease-causing, drug-resistant, pathogenic bacteria. Different inorganic and organic compounds have been synthesized as antibacterials, but with the problem of toxicity. Other alternatives of using green products, i.e., the medicinal plant extracts with biocompatible and potent antibacterial characteristics, also had limitation because of their low aqueous solubility and therefore less bioavailability. Use of nanotechnological strategy appears to be a savior, where phytochemicals are nanonized through encapsulation or entrapment within inorganic or organic hydrophilic capping agents. Nanonization of such products not only makes them water soluble but also helps to attain high surface to volume ratio and therefore high reaction area of the nanonized products with better therapeutic potential, over that of the equivalent amount of raw bulk products. Medicinal plant extracts, whose prime components are flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, polyphenolic compounds, and essential oils, are in one hand nanonized (capped and stabilized) by polymers, lipids, or clay materials for developing nanodrugs; on the other hand, high antioxidant activity of those plant extracts is also used to reduce various metal salts to produce metallic nanoparticles. In this review, five medicinal plants, viz., tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), aloe vera (Aloe vera), oregano (Oregano vulgare), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), with promising antibacterial potential and the nanoformulations associated with the plants' crude extracts and their respective major components (eugenol, curcumin, anthraquinone, carvacrol, eucalyptus oil) have been discussed with respect to their antibacterial potency.

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Conclusão: N/A

Nano-Antibacterials Using Medicinal Plant Components: An Overview.

Autores: Sourav Ghosh, Susmita Nandi, Tarakdas Basu | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Gradual emergence of new bacterial strains, resistant to one or more antibiotics, necessitates development of new antibacterials to prevent us from newly evolved disease-causing, drug-resistant, pathogenic bacteria. Different inorganic and organic compounds have been synthesized as antibacterials, but with the problem of toxicity. Other alternatives of using green products, i.e., the medicinal plant extracts with biocompatible and potent antibacterial characteristics, also had limitation because of their low aqueous solubility and therefore less bioavailability. Use of nanotechnological strategy appears to be a savior, where phytochemicals are nanonized through encapsulation or entrapment within inorganic or organic hydrophilic capping agents. Nanonization of such products not only makes them water soluble but also helps to attain high surface to volume ratio and therefore high reaction area of the nanonized products with better therapeutic potential, over that of the equivalent amount of raw bulk products. Medicinal plant extracts, whose prime components are flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, polyphenolic compounds, and essential oils, are in one hand nanonized (capped and stabilized) by polymers, lipids, or clay materials for developing nanodrugs; on the other hand, high antioxidant activity of those plant extracts is also used to reduce various metal salts to produce metallic nanoparticles. In this review, five medicinal plants, viz., tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), aloe vera (Aloe vera), oregano (Oregano vulgare), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), with promising antibacterial potential and the nanoformulations associated with the plants' crude extracts and their respective major components (eugenol, curcumin, anthraquinone, carvacrol, eucalyptus oil) have been discussed with respect to their antibacterial potency.

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Larvicidal potential of essential oils against Musca domestica and Anopheles stephensi.

Autores: Nitin Chauhan, Anushree Malik, Satyawati Sharma, R C Dhiman | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The larvicidal activity of Mentha piperita, Cymbopogan citratus (lemongrass), Eucalyptus globulus and Citrus sinensis (orange) essential oils and their combinations was evaluated against Musca domestica (housefly) and Anopheles stephensi (mosquitoes) through contact toxicity assay. Among all the tested essential oils/combinations, Me. piperita was found to be the most effective larvicidal agent against Mu. domestica and An. stephensi with LC50 values of 0.66 μl/cm(2) and 44.66 ppm, respectively, after 48 h. The results clearly highlighted that the addition of mentha oil to other oils (1:1 ratio) improved their larvicidal activity. The order of effectiveness of essential oils/combinations indicated that the pattern for An. stephensi follows the trend as mentha > mentha + lemongrass > lemongrass > mentha + eucalyptus > eucalyptus > mentha + orange > orange and for Mu. domestica as mentha > mentha + lemongrass > lemongrass > mentha + orange > orange > mentha + eucalyptus > eucalyptus. The images obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated the toxic effect of Me. piperita as the treated larvae were observed to be dehydrated and deformed. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of tested essential oils/combinations against the larval stages of Mu. domestica and An. stephensi and has the potential for development of botanical formulations.

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Antibacterial activity of plant essential oils against indigenously characterized methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Autores: T Ali, A A Anjum, M M K Sattar, M A Ali, M Kamran, M Tariq, R Manzoor | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Plant essential oils were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The isolates (n=03) were procured from Institute of Microbiology, UVAS Lahore, Pakistan. After biochemical and 16S rRNA gene-based PCR characterization, accession numbers were retrieved from NCBI i.e. MW344063.1, MW344064.1 and MW344065.1. These isolates exhibited molecular positivity by multiplex PCR for mecA, coa and eta toxin genes. Moreover, these isolates exhibited resistance to cefoxitin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, amoxicillin clavulanate, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and gentamicin. The antibiotic resistant isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial activity of plant essential oils. The highest zone of inhibition (mean ZOI±S.D.) was measured for Cinnamomum verum (22.67±1.52 mm) followed by Eucalyptus globulus (18.67±2.51 mm) and Syzygium aromaticum (12.67±2.51 mm). Lowest mean MIC value (0.33±0.11 mg/mL) was recorded for E. globulus . Eucalyptus globulus was processed for fractionation by column chromatography and n-hexane, chloroform, n-hexane + chloroform and ethyl-acetate fractions were evaluated for antibacterial activity. Lowest mean MIC (10.04±5.80 mg/mL) was recorded for E. globulus n-hexane fraction. Cell survival percentage of BHK21 cell line was 51.7% at 54.87mg/mL concentration of E. globulus n-hexane fraction. Through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of n-hexane fraction, benzene was found abundant (29.9%) as active compound. It was concluded that E. globulus n-hexane fraction exhibited significantly promising results against MRSA .

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Determinação das características físico-químicas e antimicrobianas de soluções experimentais à base de hipoclorito de sódio e óleo essencial/ Determination of the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of experimental solutions of sodium hypoclorite and essential oil

Autores: Porto, Patrícia de Oliveira Barbosa | Ano: 2004 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar as características físico-químicas e antimicrobianas de soluções experimentais de hipoclorito de sódio a 1 por cento com adição de óleo essencial de Eucalyptus globulus em várias concentrações (0,15 por cento, 0,5 por cento e 0,8 por cento), comparando com a solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 1 por cento pura. Foram analisados o teor de cloro ativo e o pH das soluções, quando recém-preparadas, com 15, 30 e 60 dias. As outras medidas, como densidade, tensão superficial, viscosidade e condutividade foram tomadas nos momentos: recém-preparadas, com 30 e 60 dias. A atividade antibacteriana foi verificada através do teste por exposição direta das soluções sobre as bactérias Actinomyces purpureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus e uma mistura delas, em tempos de contato de 1, 5 e 15 minutos. Os resultados mostraram, quanto à análise química, que a adição do óleo de Eucalyptus globulus reduziu significativamente a tensão superficial do hipoclorito de sódio a 1 por cento. Os teores de cloro ativo e os valores de condutividade foram inversamente proporcionais à concentração do óleo e ao tempo. Todas as soluções apresentaram efetividade antibacteriana a partir de 1 minuto de contato. A concentração de 0,15 por cento de óleo essencial de Eucalyptus globulus é a ideal para adicão ao hipoclorito de sódio a 1 por cento, para corrigir organolepticamente seu odor e por não comprometer suas características físico-químicas e antimicrobianas

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Repellency potential of essential oils against housefly, Musca domestica L.

Autores: Nitin Chauhan, Anushree Malik, Satyawati Sharma | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In present study, the essential oils such as Mentha piperita (mentha oil, M.O), Cymbopogan citratus (lemongrass oil, LG.O), Citrus sinensis (orange oil, O.O), and Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus oil, E.O) were evaluated for repellency against housefly (Musca domestica) in a specially designed chamber. Further, to study any synergistic effect, essential oil combinations, i.e., M.O + LG.O, M.O + O.O, and M.O + E.O, were screened at 50:50 and 70:30 ratios. The results showed superior repellency of mentha and mentha + lemongrass (70:30) with RC95 value of 0.009 μl/cm3. The other oils and combinations showed higher values of RC95 (0.010-0.041 μl/cm3). The order of repellency was observed to be mentha = mentha + lemongrass (70:30) > mentha + lemongrass (50:50) = lemongrass = mentha + orange (50:50) = mentha + orange (70:30) > mentha + eucalyptus (70:30) > orange > mentha + eucalyptus (50:50) > eucalyptus. Chemical composition of selected essential oils indicated various monoterpenes as active components for efficient repellency. The essential oil of mentha marked the presence of menthol (38%) and menthone (27%) in major fractions, whereas citral (49%) was found dominating in lemongrass oil. Eucalyptus and orange oils showed the presence of 1,8-cineole (85%), and limonene (87%), respectively, as major components of oils. Further, monoterpenes (menthol and limonene) were also evaluated for repellency against housefly. The data showed 90 ± 5 and 60 ± 5% repellency from menthol and limonene, respectively, after 1 h, indicating the vital role of monoterpenes in overall efficacy of essential oil.

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"Singing in the Tube"--audiovisual assay of plant oil repellent activity against mosquitoes (Culex pipiens).

Autores: Temitope F Adams, Chatchawal Wongchai, Anchalee Chaidee, Wolfgang Pfeiffer | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Plant essential oils have been suggested as a promising alternative to the established mosquito repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide). Searching for an assay with generally available equipment, we designed a new audiovisual assay of repellent activity against mosquitoes "Singing in the Tube," testing single mosquitoes in Drosophila cultivation tubes. Statistics with regression analysis should compensate for limitations of simple hardware. The assay was established with female Culex pipiens mosquitoes in 60 experiments, 120-h audio recording, and 2580 estimations of the distance between mosquito sitting position and the chemical. Correlations between parameters of sitting position, flight activity pattern, and flight tone spectrum were analyzed. Regression analysis of psycho-acoustic data of audio files (dB[A]) used a squared and modified sinus function determining wing beat frequency WBF ± SD (357 ± 47 Hz). Application of logistic regression defined the repelling velocity constant. The repelling velocity constant showed a decreasing order of efficiency of plant essential oils: rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), lemon (Citrus limon), patchouli (Pogostemon cablin), DEET, cedar wood (Cedrus atlantica). In conclusion, we suggest (1) disease vector control (e.g., impregnation of bed nets) by eight plant essential oils with repelling velocity superior to DEET, (2) simple mosquito repellency testing in Drosophila cultivation tubes, (3) automated approaches and room surveillance by generally available audio equipment (dB[A]: ISO standard 226), and (4) quantification of repellent activity by parameters of the audiovisual assay defined by correlation and regression analyses.

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Repellent Efficacy of Eucalyptus globulus and Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oils against Malaria Vector, Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae).

Autores: Zahra Sheikh, Amir Amani, Hamid Reza Basseri, Seyed Hassan Moosa Kazemi, Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat, Kamal Azam, Majid Azizi, Fatemehzahra Amirmohammadi | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Mosquito species are highly considering as disease transmission as well as nuisance insects. One of the principal strategy to protect human from the mosquito bites is repellent agents. This study aimed to assess repellency of two organic essential oils, Eucalyptus globulus and Syzygium aromaticum from bites of malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi.

Resultados: The main composition of E. globulus essential oil was 1,8-Cineol (78.20%), whereas that of S. aromaticum essential oil was 2-methoxy-3-(2-propenyl) (77.04%). Based on minimum effective dose (≤1% biting), 10% (v/v) of E. globulus showed high landing repellency (77.78%), whereas minimum effective dose of S. aromaticum at concentration of 1% had high landing repellency (88.89%). Among four combinations, the ratio of 1:1 of E. globulus (10%):S. aromaticum (1%) showed the most landing repellency (94.44%).

Conclusão: The combinations of two essential oils had the most potential repellency effect against landing of mosquitoes. As essential oils are eco-friendly with less irritation for human skin, E. globulus and S. aromaticum essential oils are recommended as effective and safe mosquito repellents.

Essential oil-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and β-carbolines in human plasma: A novel solvent-free alternative.

Autores: Gabriela de Oliveira Silveira, Felipe Rebello Lourenço, Ana Miguel Fonseca Pego, Rafael Guimarães Dos Santos, Giordano Novak Rossi, Jaime E C Hallak, Mauricio Yonamine | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The present study describes the development of a novel solvent-free vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction alternative based on a natural essential oil as extracting solvent (VA-EO-DLLME) for the determination of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), harmine (HRM), harmaline (HRL) and tetrahydroarmine (THH) (compounds found in the ayahuasca tea, a psychedelic plant preparation) in human plasma. After optimization through full factorial and Box-Behnken experimental designs, this VA-EO-DLLME followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was completely validated and applied to authentic plasma specimens. Sample preparation consisted in the addition of 60 mg of NaCl, 100 μL of borate buffer and 100 μL of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil to a 200 μL aliquot of human plasma. After 30 s of vortex agitation followed by 5 min of centrifugation (10,000 rpm), 80 μL of the oil supernatant was dried and resuspended in mobile phase prior to injection into the UHPLC-MS/MS system. Once optimized, the validated method yielded LoDs ≤1.0 ng mL-1 for all analytes. LoQ was 1.0 ng mL-1 for DMT, HRL and HRM and 2.0 ng mL-1 for THH. The method has shown to be linear over the range of LoQ up to 150 ng mL-1 (r2 ≥ 0.9926). Intra/inter-day precision and accuracy met the acceptance criteria at three quality control (QC) levels. An additional intermediate precision study demonstrated that, except for THH and HRL at low and medium QCs, the overall method performance was similar for the three different oil sources. Matrix effect evaluation showed predominant ion suppression, ranging from 56% to 83%. Recovery varied from 33 up to 101% with an average of 50 ± 15.8%. Selectivity studies showed no interferences. Analysis of 13 authentic samples proved method feasibility. Finally, we believe that our novel VA-EO-DLLME approach offers a very simple, fast, cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative based on the use of an easily accessible and entirely green material as an extracting solvent. This may represent an incentive for researchers to investigate novel and creative alternatives, such as essential oils, as substitutes of organic solvents for microextraction methods in forensic and clinical contexts.

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Protective Effect of Eucalyptus globulus Extracts Against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats.

Autores: Chirine Brinsi, Anouar Abidi, Karim Hosni, Haifa Tounsi, Hichem Sebai | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a fibrous interstitial pneumonia that causes damage to the lung tissue and thus alters all respiratory functions. In this study, we aim to investigate the therapeutic effects of fresh leaves of Eucalyptus globulus extracts on bleomycin (BLM)-induced (PF). Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups. The control group received no treatment, the BLM group received only intratracheally BLM (2 mg/kg), the essential water of Eucalyptus globulus (EWEG) group underwent administration of BLM followed by E. globulus hydrosol (2000 mg/kg), and the essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus (EOCG) group received BLM followed by E. globulus essential oil (10 mg/kg). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the main compounds of EOEG and EWEG are eucalyptol and spathulenol. Obtained results showed that BLM-induced PF caused a large accumulation of lymphocytes and monocytes in lung bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, a high fibrosis score, and an inflammatory index coupled to an oxidative stress state assessed by an increase in lipid peroxidation and depletion of the activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase and catalase. Otherwise, the treatment with EWEG and EOEG reversed the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species and the inflammation raised by BLM. E. globulus extracts could improve BLM-induced PF, thus suggesting that the latter could serve as a potential therapeutic approach for PF.

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