GENGIBRE

Flavor, antimicrobial activity and physical properties of gelatin film incorporated with of ginger essential oil.

Autores: Xin Li, Zong-Cai Tu, Xiao-Mei Sha, Yun-Hua Ye, Zhong-Ying Li | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Adding essential oil into the gelatin-based film can enhance the antibacterial activity of the film, but excessive amounts of addition will bring the film an unpleasant flavor and reduce its mechanical performance. Hence, we prepared functional gelatin-based films by incorporating low content of ginger essential oil (GEO). The flavor of GEO was not detected from the films containing less than 1% GEO. The antimicrobial activity of films was found to be proportional to GEO content. As GEO content increased from 0 to 1%, the value of water vapor permeability (WVP) and elongation at break (EAB) increased, whereas the value of tensile strength (TS) of film decreased. The Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analysis revealed the vibration of gelatin film was affected by adding low content of essential oil. Surface morphologies demonstrated oil droplets and a discontinuous structure, and cross-section morphologies proved the formation of a loose structure as GEO was incorporated in the film through SEM. Sensory evaluation revealed that composite films incorporated with 0.5% GEO exhibited the best performance. The resulting films can be used as antimicrobial packaging materials with good physical properties and sensory performance.

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In vitro effect of seven essential oils on the reproduction of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus.

Autores: Rafael Pazinato, Andréia Volpato, Matheus D Baldissera, Roberto C V Santos, Dilmar Baretta, Rodrigo A Vaucher, Janice L Giongo, Aline A Boligon, Lenita Moura Stefani, Aleksandro Schafer Da Silva | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The acaricidal effect of seven essential oils was examined in vitro against the cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus). Engorged female ticks were manually collected in farms of Southern Brazil and placed into petri dishes (n = 10) in order to test the following oils: juniper (Juniperus communis), palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii), cedar (Cedrus atlantica), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), ginger (Zingiber officinale), geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) and bergamot (Citrus aurantium var bergamia) at concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10% each. A control group was used to validate the tests containing Triton X-100 only. Treatment effectiveness was measured considering inhibition of tick oviposition (partial or total), egg's weight, and hatchability. C. martinii, C. citratus and C. atlantica essential oils showed efficacy higher than 99% at all concentrations tested. In addition, J. communis, Z. officinale, P. graveolens, and C. aurantium var bergamia oils showed efficiency ranging from 73% to 95%, depending on the concentration tested, where higher concentrations showed greater efficacy. It was concluded that essential oils can affect tick reproduction in vitro by inhibiting oviposition and hatchability.

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Safety and efficacy of essential oil, oleoresin and tincture from Zingiber officinale Roscoe when used as sensory additives in feed for all animal species.

Autores: , Vasileios Bampidis, Giovanna Azimonti, Maria de Lourdes Bastos, Henrik Christensen, Mojca Kos Durjava, Maryline Kouba, Marta López-Alonso, Secundino López Puente, Francesca Marcon, Baltasar Mayo, Alena Pechová, Mariana Petkova, Fernando Ramos, Yolanda Sanz, Roberto Edoardo Villa, Ruud Woutersen, Paul Brantom, Andrew Chesson, Johannes Westendorf, Lucilla Gregoretti, Paola Manini, Birgit Dusemund | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSAPanel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of essential oil, oleoresin and tincture from Zingiber officinale Roscoe when used as sensory additives in feed for all animal species. The FEEDAPPanel concludes that the additives under consideration are safe for the target species at the following use levels: (i) ginger essential oil up to the maximum proposed use level of 80 mg/kg for veal calves (milk replacer) and 20 mg/kg complete feed (or 20 mg/L water for drinking) for all other species; (ii) ginger oleoresin at the maximum proposed concentrations of 20 mg/kg complete feed for fish, sheep, goats and horses and of 1 mg/kg for pets. For the remaining species, the calculated maximum safe concentration of ginger oleoresin in feed is less than that proposed use level and ranges from 5 mg/kg complete feed for chickens for fattening to 21 mg/kg for veal calves; (iii) ginger tincture at the maximum proposed concentrations of 1.6 mL/kg complete feed for horses and 0.26 mL/kg for dogs. For poultry species, the calculated maximum safe dose ranges between 0.2 and 0.3 mg/L water for drinking. No concerns for consumers were identified following the use of the additives up to the highest safe level in animal nutrition. The additives should be considered as irritants to skin and eyes and the respiratory tract and as a skin sensitisers. The use of the additives in feed is not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Since ginger and its preparations are recognised to flavour food and their function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy is considered necessary.

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Revisiting the therapeutic potential of gingerols against different pharmacological activities.

Autores: Samridhi Sharma, Monu Kumar Shukla, Krishan Chander Sharma, Tirath, Lokender Kumar, Jasha Momo H Anal, Santosh Kumar Upadhyay, Sanjib Bhattacharyya, Deepak Kumar | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The rhizomes of ginger have been in use in many forms of traditional and alternative medicines. Besides being employed as condiment and flavoring agent, it is used in the treatment of nausea, osteoarthritis, muscle pain, menstrual pain, chronic indigestion, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. Ginger rhizome contains volatile oils, phenolic compounds and resins, and characterization studies showed that [6]-gingerol, [6]-shogaol, and [6]-paradol are reported to be the pharmacologically active components. Gingerol is a major chemical constituent found as volatile oil in the rhizomes of ginger. It has several medicinal benefits and used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, nausea, cancer, and diabetes. Many studies have been carried out in various parts of the world to isolate and standardize gingerol for their use as a complementary medicine. The present review summarizes wide range of research studies on gingerol and its pharmacological roles in various metabolic diseases.

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Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of Zingiber officinale mouthwash on patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.

Autores: Tieli Roxo Bauer Faria, Vivian Fernandes Furletti-Goes, Cristina Maria Franzini, Andrea Aparecida de Aro, Thiago Antônio Moretti de Andrade, Adilson Sartoratto, Carolina Carmo de Menezes | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of mouthwashes with 0.12% chlorhexidine (CLX) and 0.5% Zingiber officinale essential oil (ZOEO).

Resultados: In the microbiologic analysis, the ZOEO mouthwash presented antimicrobial effectiveness for Streptococcus mutans as well as the CLX mouthwash, but it did not show the same substantivity. The ZOEO was efficient in controlling dental biofilm and reducing gingival bleeding. The sensory analyses showed that the flavor for ZOEO and CLX solutions presented low acceptability.

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Essential oils of Zingiber officinale: Chemical composition, in vivo alleviation effects on TPA induced ear swelling in mice and in vitro bioactivities.

Autores: Silu Zhang, Lijun Zhang, Mengjie Yu, Donghui Luo, Shuai Chen, Weifeng Liu, Yehui Zhang, Lanyue Zhang, Tiantian Zhao | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Zingiber officinale (ZO) is a traditional food condiment. The essential oils of Z. officinale (ZOEOs) are known to have multiple bioactivities. In this study, gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analytical method was used to identify active ingredient present in ZOEOs. A total of 41 compounds were identified in ZOEOs. Major components in ZOEOs were zingiberene (19.71%), (+)-β-cedrene (12.85%), farnesene (12.17%), α-curcumene (10.18%) and β-elemene (3.54%). Experimental results of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA) induced ear swelling validation mice model showed that ZOEOs treatment has better anti-inflammatory effect compared with ibuprofen (positive control) at high concentrations. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis showed that ZOEOs significantly decreased COX-2, IL-6 and NF-κB expression in a dose dependent manner. The mRNA levels of COX-2 and NF-κB were also down regulated by the application of ZOEOs. This indicated that ZOEOs exhibited positive effects in ear skin protection. Antibacterial experimental results showed that EOZOs had anti-bacterial effects on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. DPPH radical scavenging, A549 cell line and LNCaP cell line inhibition results indicated that ZOEOs exhibited potential antioxidant and anti-tumor properties. The findings of these study provide scientific basis on therapeutic use of ZO in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

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Essential oils of Zingiber officinale: Chemical composition, in vivo alleviation effects on TPA induced ear swelling in mice and in vitro bioactivities.

Autores: Silu Zhang, Lijun Zhang, Mengjie Yu, Donghui Luo, Shuai Chen, Weifeng Liu, Yehui Zhang, Lanyue Zhang, Tiantian Zhao | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Zingiber officinale (ZO) is a traditional food condiment. The essential oils of Z. officinale (ZOEOs) are known to have multiple bioactivities. In this study, gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analytical method was used to identify active ingredient present in ZOEOs. A total of 41 compounds were identified in ZOEOs. Major components in ZOEOs were zingiberene (19.71%), (+)-β-cedrene (12.85%), farnesene (12.17%), α-curcumene (10.18%) and β-elemene (3.54%). Experimental results of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA) induced ear swelling validation mice model showed that ZOEOs treatment has better anti-inflammatory effect compared with ibuprofen (positive control) at high concentrations. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis showed that ZOEOs significantly decreased COX-2, IL-6 and NF-κB expression in a dose dependent manner. The mRNA levels of COX-2 and NF-κB were also down regulated by the application of ZOEOs. This indicated that ZOEOs exhibited positive effects in ear skin protection. Antibacterial experimental results showed that EOZOs had anti-bacterial effects on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. DPPH radical scavenging, A549 cell line and LNCaP cell line inhibition results indicated that ZOEOs exhibited potential antioxidant and anti-tumor properties. The findings of these study provide scientific basis on therapeutic use of ZO in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

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Effect of Essential Oils from Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Rhizomes on Some Inflammatory Biomarkers in Cadmium Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats.

Autores: Ayodele Jacob Akinyemi, Philip Adeyemi Adeniyi | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Studies have revealed that anti-inflammatory agents could provide beneficial effect in lowering the incidence/progression of neurological diseases. Hence, this study sought to investigate the effect of essential oils from Nigeria ginger and turmeric rhizomes on some cytokines in cadmium induced neurotoxicity. The result revealed that essential oil from ginger and turmeric rhizomes exerts anti-inflammatory effect by preventing alterations of some cytokines/inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-Alpha) levels and inhibits both hippocampus and prefrontal cortex acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities (important enzymes relevant in the management/prevention of neurodegenerative diseases) in Cd treated rats. In conclusion, essential oil from ginger and turmeric rhizomes exerts anti-inflammatory properties in Cd induced neurotoxicity. The observed effect could be due to the volatile compounds as revealed by GC-MS analysis.

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Physicochemical characteristics of ginger essential oil nanoemulsion encapsulated by zein/NaCas and antimicrobial control on chilled chicken.

Autores: Minmin Tang, Fang Liu, Qian Wang, Debao Wang, Daoying Wang, Yongzhi Zhu, Zhilan Sun, Weimin Xu | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: An efficient antibacterial nanoemulsion was prepared using zein and NaCas to encapsulate ginger essential oil (GEO). Physical, optical, and mechanical properties as well as the antibacterial activities of GEO nanoemulsion were investigated. At 1:1 mass ratio of zein/NaCas, the GEO nanoemulsion possessed the highest solubility, entrapment efficiency and stability. The GEO/zein/NaCas complex was confirmed by ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy. The addition of GEO led to more amorphous structure formation and the secondary structure changes of zein/NaCas improved the solubility and stability of GEO. GEO nanoemulsion inactivated two common foodborne bacteria, namely, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by destroying the cell membrane. Meanwhile, the GEO nanoemulsion exhibited better preservation effects on chilled chicken breasts than non-emulsified GEO and could effectively prolong the shelf life of chicken breasts for 6 days. This research provides a green and low-cost method for preparing GEO nanoemulsion to control the risk of foodborne pathogens.

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Biobased polymer resources and essential oils: a green combination for antibacterial applications.

Autores: Christine Elian, Samir Abbad Andaloussi, Régis Moilleron, Jean-Winoc Decousser, Cyrille Boyer, Davy-Louis Versace | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: To fight nosocomial infections, the excessive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, which are now considered a relevant public health threat by the World Health Organization. To date, most antibacterial systems are based on the use of petro-sourced polymers, but the global supplies of these resources are depleting. Besides, silver NPs are widely accepted as the most active biocide against a wide range of bacterial strains but their toxicity is an issue. The growing interest in natural products has gained increasing interest in the last decade. Therefore, the design of functional antibacterial materials derived from biomass remains a significant challenge for the scientific community. Consequently, attention has shifted to naturally occurring substances such as essential oils (EOs), which are classified as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS). EOs can offer an alternative to the common antimicrobial agents as an inner solution or biocide agent to inhibit the resistance mechanism. Herein, this review not only aims at providing developments in the antibacterial modes of action of EOs against various bacterial strains and the recent advances in genomic and proteomic techniques for the elucidation of these mechanisms but also presents examples of biobased polymer resource-based EO materials and their antibacterial activities. Especially, we describe the antibacterial properties of biobased polymers, e.g. cellulose, starch, chitosan, PLA PHAs and proteins, associated with EOs (cinnamon (CEO), clove (CLEO), bergamot (BEO), ginger (GEO), lemongrass (LEO), caraway (CAEO), rosemary (REO), Eucalyptus globulus (EGEO), tea tree (TTEO), orange peel (OPEO) and apricot (Prunus armeniaca) kernel (AKEO) essential oils). Finally, we discuss the influence of EOs on the mechanical strength of bio-based materials.

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Antifungal and antimycotoxigenic effects of Zingiber officinale, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Cymbopogon martinii essential oils against Fusarium verticillioides.

Autores: Juliana Cristina Castro, Giseli Cristina Pante, Bruno Martins Centenaro, Rafaela Takako Ribeiro De Almeida, Eduardo Jorge Pilau, Benedito Prado Dias Filho, Simone Aparecida Galerani Mossini, Benício Alves De Abreu Filho, Graciette Matioli, Miguel Machinski Junior | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: There is an increasing demand for fungi control in grains, especially toxigenic. Also, there is growing concern on the use of synthetic fungicides; thus alternatives are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and antimycotoxigenic action of essential oils (EOs) from Zingiber officinale, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Cymbopogon martinii against Fusarium verticillioides, a spoilage and toxigenic fungus. Essential oils were first chemically characterised by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and their antioxidant potential was measured by the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion were used to assess antifungal activity. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate morphological changes in the fungus. Antimycotoxigenic activity of the EOs against the production of fumonisin B1 and B2 by F. verticillioides was evaluated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography system. Z. officinale, C. zeylanicum and C. martinii EOs were predominantly composed by zingiberene and geranial; eugenol; and geraniol, respectively. All the EOs had high antioxidant power, especially that from C. zeylanicum. The MICs were 250, 500 and 2,000 µg mL-1 for C. zeylanicum, C. martinii and Z. officinale EOs, respectively. Mycelial reduction of F. verticillioides was observed when EOs were used, and the lowest activity was detected in the Z. officinale EO. Overall, the tested EOs promoted structural damage to the fungal cell wall, decreased conidia size and mycelial reduction. Antimycotoxigenic evaluation of the EOs evidenced a significant reduction (p < .05) in the production of fumonisins B1 and B2 with all the EOs evaluated in the study. These results suggest that especially C. zeylanicum and C. martinii EOs are highly useful for controlling F. verticillioides and fumonisins production.

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Effect of Zingiber officinale essential oil on Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin production.

Autores: Milene Mayumi Garcia Yamamoto-Ribeiro, Renata Grespan, Cássia Yumie Kohiyama, Flavio Dias Ferreira, Simone Aparecida Galerani Mossini, Expedito Leite Silva, Benicio Alves de Abreu Filho, Jane Martha Graton Mikcha, Miguel Machinski | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The antifungal activity of ginger essential oil (GEO; Zingiber officinale Roscoe) was evaluated against Fusarium verticillioides (Saccardo) Nirenberg. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GEO was determined by micro-broth dilution. The effects of GEO on fumonisin and ergosterol production were evaluated at concentrations of 500-5000 μg/mL in liquid medium with a 5mm diameter mycelial disc of F. verticillioides. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the predominant components of GEO were α-zingiberene (23.9%) and citral (21.7%). GEO exhibited inhibitory activity, with a MIC of 2500 μg/mL, and 4000 and 5000 μg/mL reduced ergosterol biosynthesis by 57% and 100%, respectively. The inhibitory effect on fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2) production was significant at GEO concentrations of 4000 and 2000 μg/mL, respectively. Thus, the inhibition of fungal biomass and fumonisin production was dependent on the concentration of GEO. These results suggest that GEO was able to control the growth of F. verticillioides and subsequent fumonisin production.

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Effect of Zingiber officinale essential oil on Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin production.

Autores: Milene Mayumi Garcia Yamamoto-Ribeiro, Renata Grespan, Cássia Yumie Kohiyama, Flavio Dias Ferreira, Simone Aparecida Galerani Mossini, Expedito Leite Silva, Benicio Alves de Abreu Filho, Jane Martha Graton Mikcha, Miguel Machinski | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The antifungal activity of ginger essential oil (GEO; Zingiber officinale Roscoe) was evaluated against Fusarium verticillioides (Saccardo) Nirenberg. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GEO was determined by micro-broth dilution. The effects of GEO on fumonisin and ergosterol production were evaluated at concentrations of 500-5000 μg/mL in liquid medium with a 5mm diameter mycelial disc of F. verticillioides. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the predominant components of GEO were α-zingiberene (23.9%) and citral (21.7%). GEO exhibited inhibitory activity, with a MIC of 2500 μg/mL, and 4000 and 5000 μg/mL reduced ergosterol biosynthesis by 57% and 100%, respectively. The inhibitory effect on fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2) production was significant at GEO concentrations of 4000 and 2000 μg/mL, respectively. Thus, the inhibition of fungal biomass and fumonisin production was dependent on the concentration of GEO. These results suggest that GEO was able to control the growth of F. verticillioides and subsequent fumonisin production.

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Conclusão: N/A

Antifungal and antimycotoxigenic effects of Zingiber officinale, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Cymbopogon martinii essential oils against Fusarium verticillioides.

Autores: Juliana Cristina Castro, Giseli Cristina Pante, Bruno Martins Centenaro, Rafaela Takako Ribeiro De Almeida, Eduardo Jorge Pilau, Benedito Prado Dias Filho, Simone Aparecida Galerani Mossini, Benício Alves De Abreu Filho, Graciette Matioli, Miguel Machinski Junior | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: There is an increasing demand for fungi control in grains, especially toxigenic. Also, there is growing concern on the use of synthetic fungicides; thus alternatives are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and antimycotoxigenic action of essential oils (EOs) from Zingiber officinale, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Cymbopogon martinii against Fusarium verticillioides, a spoilage and toxigenic fungus. Essential oils were first chemically characterised by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and their antioxidant potential was measured by the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion were used to assess antifungal activity. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate morphological changes in the fungus. Antimycotoxigenic activity of the EOs against the production of fumonisin B1 and B2 by F. verticillioides was evaluated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography system. Z. officinale, C. zeylanicum and C. martinii EOs were predominantly composed by zingiberene and geranial; eugenol; and geraniol, respectively. All the EOs had high antioxidant power, especially that from C. zeylanicum. The MICs were 250, 500 and 2,000 µg mL-1 for C. zeylanicum, C. martinii and Z. officinale EOs, respectively. Mycelial reduction of F. verticillioides was observed when EOs were used, and the lowest activity was detected in the Z. officinale EO. Overall, the tested EOs promoted structural damage to the fungal cell wall, decreased conidia size and mycelial reduction. Antimycotoxigenic evaluation of the EOs evidenced a significant reduction (p < .05) in the production of fumonisins B1 and B2 with all the EOs evaluated in the study. These results suggest that especially C. zeylanicum and C. martinii EOs are highly useful for controlling F. verticillioides and fumonisins production.

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Antifungal activity and inhibition of aflatoxins production by Zingiber officinale Roscoe essential oil against Aspergillus flavus in stored maize grains/ Atividade antifúngica e inibição da produção de aflatoxinas pelo óleo essencial de Zingiber officinale Roscoe contra Aspergillus flavus em grãos de milho armazenados

Autores: Nerilo, Samuel Botião; Romoli, Jéssica Cristina Zoratto; Nakasugi, Lydiana Polis; Zampieri, Natana Souza; Mossini, Simone Aparecida Galerani; Rocha, Gustavo Henrique Oliveira; Gloria, Eduardo Micotti da; Abreu Filho, Benício Alves de; Machinski Jr, Miguel | Ano: 2020 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: ABSTRACT: Essential oils are possible alternatives to the use of synthetic pesticides for control of fungal contamination. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oil (GEO) is known for having antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic properties, but its use as a fumigant in situ has not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate GEO's effects upon Aspergillus flavus as a fumigant agent in stored maize grains. The main compounds reported in GEO were α-zingiberene (23.85%) and geranial (14.16%), characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The GEO was used as a fumigant in irradiated maize grains in concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 µg/g and the resulting effects were compared to a synthetic antifungal agent (carbendazim and thiram), an antifungal traditionally used for seed treatment. The antifungal efficacy of GEO against A. flavus has been proven in a dose-dependent manner through in situ (maize grains) test. The GEO inhibited aflatoxin production at concentrations 25 and 50 µg/g and controlled fungal growth. Therefore, GEO can be used as an effective and non-toxic alternative to conventional treatments in stored maize grains for the natural control of A. flavus.

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Effect of Zingiber officinale essential oil on Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin production.

Autores: Milene Mayumi Garcia Yamamoto-Ribeiro, Renata Grespan, Cássia Yumie Kohiyama, Flavio Dias Ferreira, Simone Aparecida Galerani Mossini, Expedito Leite Silva, Benicio Alves de Abreu Filho, Jane Martha Graton Mikcha, Miguel Machinski | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The antifungal activity of ginger essential oil (GEO; Zingiber officinale Roscoe) was evaluated against Fusarium verticillioides (Saccardo) Nirenberg. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GEO was determined by micro-broth dilution. The effects of GEO on fumonisin and ergosterol production were evaluated at concentrations of 500-5000 μg/mL in liquid medium with a 5mm diameter mycelial disc of F. verticillioides. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the predominant components of GEO were α-zingiberene (23.9%) and citral (21.7%). GEO exhibited inhibitory activity, with a MIC of 2500 μg/mL, and 4000 and 5000 μg/mL reduced ergosterol biosynthesis by 57% and 100%, respectively. The inhibitory effect on fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2) production was significant at GEO concentrations of 4000 and 2000 μg/mL, respectively. Thus, the inhibition of fungal biomass and fumonisin production was dependent on the concentration of GEO. These results suggest that GEO was able to control the growth of F. verticillioides and subsequent fumonisin production.

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Ginger Essential Oil as an Active Addition to Composite Chitosan Films: Development and Characterization.

Autores: Sawsan Ali Al-Hilifi, Rawdah Mahmood Al-Ali, Anka Trajkovska Petkoska | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The recent interest in food biopackaging is showing an increasing trend, especially in the development of antimicrobial coatings and films. The focus of this study is to assess the potential application of ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oil (GEO) to polysaccharide films based on chitosan (CHf) and their utilization as an active edible packaging. The films were characterized by different instrumental techniques, and data indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) in the chemical composition of the samples. Forty-seven active compounds from ginger rhizomes were identified in the examined essential oil by gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Fourier transforms infrared spectra (FT-IR) confirmed an interaction between the hydroxyl groups of the phenolic compounds of the essential oil and the amine groups of the bioactive matrix, as shown by the peaks at wavenumbers 1639 cm−1 and 1558 cm−1. X-ray diffraction data suggested a lower crystallinity in the CHf due to the addition of GEO. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis revealed that the CHf possessed high thermal stability, especially when different concentrations of GEO were added. The bioactive CHf showed distinct activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, thus improving the antimicrobial activity to these films. The results provide a comprehensive insight into the importance of films with incorporated EOs as novel types of active food packaging. Antimicrobial food packaging is one of the most promising kinds of active packaging, and acts to reduce, inhibit, or retard any microorganism growth that could contaminate packaged food items.

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Composition and Comprehensive Antioxidant Activity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Essential Oil from Ecuador.

Autores: Martina Höferl, Ivanka Stoilova, Juergen Wanner, Erich Schmidt, Leopold Jirovetz, Dora Trifonova, Veselin Stanchev, Albert Krastanov | Ano: 2015 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In the present study, the chemical composition and antioxidant potential of an essential oil of ginger rhizomes from Ecuador was elucidated. The analysis of the essential oil by GC/FID/MS resulted in identification of 71 compounds, of which the main are citral (geranial 10.5% and neral 9.1%), α-zingiberene (17.4%), camphene (7.8%), α-farnesene (6.8%) and β-sesquiphellandrene (6.7%). The in vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oil expressed by IC50 in descending order is: hydroxyl radical (OH*) scavenging (0.0065 μg/mL) > chelating capacity (0.822 μg/mL) > 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS*+) scavenging (3.94 μg/mL) > xanthine oxidase inhibition (138.0 μg/mL) > oxygen radical (O2*) scavenging (404.0 μg/mL) > 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH*) scavenging (675 μg/mL). Lipid peroxidation inhibition of the essential oil was less efficient than butylhydroxytoluol (BHT) in both stages, i.e. hydroperoxide and malondialdehyde formation. In vivo studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrated a significant dose-dependent increase in antioxidant marker enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), blocking the oxidation processes in yeast cells. Moreover, ginger essential oil in concentrations of 1.6 mg/mL increases the viability of cells to oxidative stress induced by H2O2.

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Potential of native Thai aromatic plant extracts in antiwrinkle body creams.

Autores: Pimporn Leelapornpisid, R Randall Wickett, Sunee Chansakaow, Nitima Wongwattananukul | Ano: 2015 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Antioxidant activities of 10 essential oils and 10 absolutes extracted from Thai aromatic plants were evaluated and compared to thyme oil, trolox, quercetin, and kaempferol by two independent assays: the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) radical scavenging assay and the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) assay for lipid peroxidation. We found that four essential oils including ginger oil (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), Wan-sao-long leaf oil (Amomum uliginosum Koen), lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus), holy basil oil (Ocimum sanctum L.), and the absolute of dwarf ylang-ylang [Cananga odorata Hook. f. & Thomson var. fruticosa (Craib) J. Sinclair] exhibited high antioxidant activity in both DPPH and TBARS assays and possessed satisfactory fragrance properties. These were then combined into an essential oil blend (EOB) and retested for antioxidant activity. The EOB also exhibited high antioxidant activity in the above assays. It was then incorporated into a stable cream base as EOB body cream. The EOB body cream was found to be best able under storage in stress conditions and presented significantly higher antioxidant activity than its' cream base both before and after stability testing. The effect of EOB body cream on skin surface topography was evaluated in 29 healthy volunteers using the Skin Visiometer (SV 600 FW, CK Electronic GmbH, Germany). Three parameters, Ra, Rz (roughness), and surface, were analyzed. After 4 weeks of application, the EOB body cream showed significant reductions in surface and Rz compared with before treatment (p < 0.05, paired t-test), and with untreated and placebo treatment (p < 0.05, Duncan test). These results indicate that the essential oils and absolutes from Thai plants may serve as potential sources of natural antioxidants for spa and cosmetic products designed to prevent or treat signs of skin aging.

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Phenol-Rich Botanicals Modulate Oxidative Stress and Epithelial Integrity in Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

Autores: Andrea Toschi, Andrea Piva, Ester Grilli | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Botanicals are mainly known for their role as antimicrobials and anti-inflammatories. Thus, the dual purpose of the study was to verify the antioxidant potential of the tested botanicals and to evaluate their possible modulation of intestinal barrier integrity. As the effects of various phenol-rich extracts were screened, the human Caco-2 cell line was determined to be most suitable for use as the in vitro model for the intestinal epithelium. The tested botanicals, all approved as feed additives, are ginger essential oil, tea tree oil, grape seed extract, green tea extract, olive extract, chestnut extract, pomegranate extract, thyme essential oil, and capsicum oleoresin. The cells were treated with incremental doses of each botanical, followed by measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), gene expression of tight junctions (TJs), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results showed how different phenol-rich botanicals could modulate barrier functions and oxidative stress in different ways. Interestingly, all the botanicals tested exerted an antioxidant potential by dropping the cytoplasmatic ROS, while the beneficial effect was exerted at different concentrations for each botanical. Our data support the role of plant extracts and essential oils in controlling gut barrier function and in reducing the negative effects of oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells, thereby supporting gut barrier functionality.

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Chemical Profile, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton Essential Oils and Extracts.

Autores: Kelthoum Tarfaoui, Najiba Brhadda, Rabea Ziri, Asmaa Oubihi, Hamada Imtara, Sara Haida, Omkulthom M Al Kamaly, Asmaa Saleh, Mohammad Khalid Parvez, Saad Fettach, Mohammed Ouhssine | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The aim of this work was to study the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and cardamom seeds (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton). Using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), a total of 43 compounds were identified in ginger essential oil and 17 compounds in cardamom. The most abundant components, respectively, were zingiberene (22.18%) and 1.8-cinéol (43.47%). Essential oils, methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts for both plants were tested against nine bacteria and yeast. The highest sensitivity was noticed against Staphylococcus aureus with a 25 mm inhibition zone. The antioxidant potency of both oils and extracts were measured using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) free radical scavenging and the ferric reducing power (FRP) method; the ethanolic extract of cardamom fruits exhibited the best results for both tests, with an IC 50 = 0.423 ± 0.015 mg/mL and 95.03 ± 0.076 FRP mg AAE/g.

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[Antioxidant properties of essential oils].

Autores: T A Misharina, M B Terenina, N I Krikunova | Ano: 2009 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: By the method of capillary gas-liquid chromatography we studied antioxidant properties and stability during the storage of hexane solutions of 14 individual essential oils from black and white pepper (Piper nigrum L.), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum L.), nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.), mace (Myristica fragrans Houtt), juniperberry (Juniperus communis L.), seed of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill., var. dulce Thelling), caraway (Carvum carvi L.), dry leaves of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Bl.), marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), laurel (Laurus nobilis L.), ginger (Zingiber officinale L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), and clove bud (Caryophyllus aromaticus L.). We assessed the antioxidant properties by the oxidation of aliphatic aldehyde (trans-2-hexenal) into the according carbon acid. We established that essential oils of garlic, clove bud, ginger and leaves of cinnamon have the maximal efficiency of inhibition of hexenal oxidation (80-93%), while black pepper oil has the minimal (49%). Antioxidant properties of essential oils with a high content of substituted phenols depended poorly on its concentration in model systems. We studied the changes in essential oils content during the storage of its hexane solutions for 40 days in the light and out of the light and compared it with the stability of essential oils stored for a year out of the light.

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[Antioxidant properties of essential oils].

Autores: T A Misharina, M B Terenina, N I Krikunova | Ano: 2009 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: By the method of capillary gas-liquid chromatography we studied antioxidant properties and stability during the storage of hexane solutions of 14 individual essential oils from black and white pepper (Piper nigrum L.), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum L.), nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.), mace (Myristica fragrans Houtt), juniperberry (Juniperus communis L.), seed of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill., var. dulce Thelling), caraway (Carvum carvi L.), dry leaves of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Bl.), marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), laurel (Laurus nobilis L.), ginger (Zingiber officinale L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), and clove bud (Caryophyllus aromaticus L.). We assessed the antioxidant properties by the oxidation of aliphatic aldehyde (trans-2-hexenal) into the according carbon acid. We established that essential oils of garlic, clove bud, ginger and leaves of cinnamon have the maximal efficiency of inhibition of hexenal oxidation (80-93%), while black pepper oil has the minimal (49%). Antioxidant properties of essential oils with a high content of substituted phenols depended poorly on its concentration in model systems. We studied the changes in essential oils content during the storage of its hexane solutions for 40 days in the light and out of the light and compared it with the stability of essential oils stored for a year out of the light.

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Developing three-component ginger-cinnamon-cardamom composite essential oil nanoemulsion as natural food preservatives.

Autores: Hoda Jafarizadeh-Malmiri, Navideh Anarjan, Aydin Berenjian | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Plant-based functional lipid ingredients, such as essential oils, with antioxidant and antibacterial activities, have gained substantial attention in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical formulations due to the increasing disquiet about the risks of artificial preservatives. However, similar to other lipid-based bioactives, their application in water-based products is challenging owing to their low water solubility and high chemical instability, especially during exposure to light, heat, moisture, and oxygen. Hence, the incorporation of essential oils into water-dispersible nanoemulsion systems can effectively address these issues. Moreover, combining various essential oils can synergistically enhance their chemical and biological properties. Consequently, the objective of this study was to develop different composite nanoemulsion systems using ginger, cinnamon, and cardamom essential oils, which were considered individually and in binary and ternary combinations. Empirical models to predict the response characteristics based on the proportions of oil phase components were also derived. The numerical multi-goal optimisation analysis suggested that 10 % ginger, 68 % cinnamon, and 22 % cardamom essential oil is the ideal oil phase combination to achieve nanoemulsions with the smallest average particle size and size distribution and the highest zeta potential and antioxidant and antibacterial activity.

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Zingiber officinale essential oil-loaded chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles: Fabrication, characterization and in-vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Autores: Mojtaba Yousefi, Vahid Ghasemzadeh Mohammadi, Mahdi Shadnoush, Nasim Khorshidian, Amir M Mortazavian | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Zingiber officinale essential oil (ZEO) was encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles at different concentrations using the emulsion-ionic gelation technique and its antioxidant and antibacterial effects were investigated. The results indicated that ZEO level had a significant effect on encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), particle size and zeta potential. The value obtained for EE, LC, mean particle size and zeta potential were 49.11%-68.32%, 21.16%-27.54%, 198.13-318.26 nm and +21.31-43.57 mV, respectively. According to scanning electron micrographs, the nanoparticles had a spherical shape with some invaginations due to the drying process. The presence of essential oil within the chitosan nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In vitro release studies in simulated gastrointestinal fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) indicated an initial burst effect followed by slow release with higher release rate in acidic medium of SGF. ZEO-loaded nanoparticles showed DPPH radical scavenging activity of 20%-61% which increased by raising the ZEO level. Moreover, results of antibacterial activity revealed that Staphylococcus aureus (with inhibition zones of 19-35.19 mm2) and Salmonella typhimurium (with inhibition zones of 9.78-17.48 mm2) were the most sensitive and resistant bacteria to ZEO, respectively. Overall, chitosan nanoparticles can be considered as suitable vehicles for ZEO and improve its stability and solubility.

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Chemistry, antioxidant and antimicrobial investigations on essential oil and oleoresins of Zingiber officinale.

Autores: Gurdip Singh, I P S Kapoor, Pratibha Singh, Carola S de Heluani, Marina P de Lampasona, Cesar A N Catalan | Ano: 2008 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The essential oil and oleoresins (ethanol, methanol, CCl(4) and isooctane) of Zingiber officinale were extracted respectively by hydrodistillation and Soxhlet methods and subjected to GC-MS analysis. Geranial (25.9%) was the major component in essential oil; eugenol (49.8%) in ethanol oleoresin, while in the other three oleoresins, zingerone was the major component (33.6%, 33.3% and 30.5% for, methanol, CCl(4) and isooctane oleoresins, respectively). The antioxidant activity of essential oil and oleoresins were evaluated against mustard oil by peroxide, anisidine, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging methods. They were found to be better antioxidants than butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). The antimicrobial properties were also studied using various food-borne pathogenic fungal and bacterial species. The essential oil and CCl(4) oleoresin showed 100% zone inhibition against Fusarium moniliforme. For other tested fungi and bacteriae, the essential oil and all oleoresins showed good to moderate inhibitory effects. Though, both essential oil and oleoresins were found to be effective, essential oil was found to be better than the oleoresins.

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Preparation and Characterization of Ginger Essential Oil Microcapsule Composite Films.

Autores: Hua-Hua Wang, Meng-Yao Li, Zhou-Yong Dong, Tie-Hua Zhang, Qing-Yu Yu | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: New food packaging has shown research significance in the face of increasing demand for high-quality foods and growing attention paid to food safety. In this study, ginger essential oil microcapsule composite films were prepared by combining microcapsules prepared by a complex coacervation method with gelatin films, and the mechanical properties and active functions of the composite films were analyzed. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the successful encapsulation of ginger essential oil. The scanning electron microscopy of the composite films showed the microcapsules and gelatin film matrix were highly compatible. During the entire storage period, the antioxidant capacity of the ginger essential oil microcapsule films weakened more slowly than ginger essential oil microcapsules and could be maintained at a relatively high level for a long time. The microcapsule films had excellent inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. Therefore, the direct addition of microcapsules to a film matrix can broaden the application range of microcapsules and increase the duration of the release of active ingredients. Ginger essential oil microcapsule films are potential biodegradable food packaging films with long-lasting activity.

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Preparation and Characterization of Ginger Essential Oil Microcapsule Composite Films.

Autores: Hua-Hua Wang, Meng-Yao Li, Zhou-Yong Dong, Tie-Hua Zhang, Qing-Yu Yu | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: New food packaging has shown research significance in the face of increasing demand for high-quality foods and growing attention paid to food safety. In this study, ginger essential oil microcapsule composite films were prepared by combining microcapsules prepared by a complex coacervation method with gelatin films, and the mechanical properties and active functions of the composite films were analyzed. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the successful encapsulation of ginger essential oil. The scanning electron microscopy of the composite films showed the microcapsules and gelatin film matrix were highly compatible. During the entire storage period, the antioxidant capacity of the ginger essential oil microcapsule films weakened more slowly than ginger essential oil microcapsules and could be maintained at a relatively high level for a long time. The microcapsule films had excellent inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. Therefore, the direct addition of microcapsules to a film matrix can broaden the application range of microcapsules and increase the duration of the release of active ingredients. Ginger essential oil microcapsule films are potential biodegradable food packaging films with long-lasting activity.

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Topiramate potential neurotoxicity and mitigating role of ginger oil in mice brain.

Autores: Dalia M Mabrouk, Aida I El Makawy, Kawkab A Ahmed, Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan, Faten M Ibrahim | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Topiramate has multiple pharmacological mechanisms that are efficient in treating epilepsy and migraine. Ginger has been established to have gingerols and shogaols that cause migraine relief. Moreover, Topiramate has many off-label uses. Thus, it was necessary to explore the possible neurotoxicity of Topiramate and the role of ginger oil in attenuating the Topiramate neurotoxicity. Male albino mice were orally gavaged with Topiramate, ginger oil (400 mg/kg), and Topiramate plus ginger oil with the same pattern for 28 days. Oxidative stress markers, acetylcholinesterase (AchE), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were examined. Histopathological examination, immunohistochemical glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Bax expression analysis were detected. The GABAAR subunits, Gabra1, Gabra3, and Gabra5 expression, were assessed by RT-qPCR. The investigation showed that Topiramate raised oxidative stress markers levels, neurotransmitters, TNF-α, and diminished glutathione (GSH). In addition, Topiramate exhibited various neuropathological alterations, strong Bax, and GFAP immune-reactivity in the cerebral cortex. At the same time, the results indicated that ginger oil had no neurotoxicity. The effect of Topiramate plus ginger oil alleviated the changes induced by Topiramate in the tested parameters. Both Topiramate and ginger oil upregulated the mRNA expression of gabra1 and gabra3, while their interaction markedly downregulated them. Therefore, it could be concluded that the Topiramate overdose could cause neurotoxicity, but the interaction with ginger oil may reduce Topiramate-induced neurotoxicity and should be taken in parallel.

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Topiramate potential neurotoxicity and mitigating role of ginger oil in mice brain.

Autores: Dalia M Mabrouk, Aida I El Makawy, Kawkab A Ahmed, Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan, Faten M Ibrahim | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Topiramate has multiple pharmacological mechanisms that are efficient in treating epilepsy and migraine. Ginger has been established to have gingerols and shogaols that cause migraine relief. Moreover, Topiramate has many off-label uses. Thus, it was necessary to explore the possible neurotoxicity of Topiramate and the role of ginger oil in attenuating the Topiramate neurotoxicity. Male albino mice were orally gavaged with Topiramate, ginger oil (400 mg/kg), and Topiramate plus ginger oil with the same pattern for 28 days. Oxidative stress markers, acetylcholinesterase (AchE), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were examined. Histopathological examination, immunohistochemical glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Bax expression analysis were detected. The GABAAR subunits, Gabra1, Gabra3, and Gabra5 expression, were assessed by RT-qPCR. The investigation showed that Topiramate raised oxidative stress markers levels, neurotransmitters, TNF-α, and diminished glutathione (GSH). In addition, Topiramate exhibited various neuropathological alterations, strong Bax, and GFAP immune-reactivity in the cerebral cortex. At the same time, the results indicated that ginger oil had no neurotoxicity. The effect of Topiramate plus ginger oil alleviated the changes induced by Topiramate in the tested parameters. Both Topiramate and ginger oil upregulated the mRNA expression of gabra1 and gabra3, while their interaction markedly downregulated them. Therefore, it could be concluded that the Topiramate overdose could cause neurotoxicity, but the interaction with ginger oil may reduce Topiramate-induced neurotoxicity and should be taken in parallel.

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Synergistic antibacterial mechanism of different essential oils and their effect on quality attributes of ready-to-eat pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis).

Autores: Lihui Zhang, Min Zhang, Ronghua Ju, Arun S Mujumdar, Kun Liu | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The mixture of garlic essential oil (GEO), ginger essential oil (GIEO) and litsea cubeba essential oil (LCEO) was prepared and its effect on the antibacterial activity of E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, as well as properties of ready-to-eat pakchoi during storage were assessed. GEO, GIEO or LCEO treatment significantly enhanced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, resulting in disruption of the permeability of cell membrane, the leakage of cytoplasmic contents, and the alteration of the secondary structure of bacterial proteins. Meanwhile, GEO, GIEO or LCEO treatment repressed the key enzyme in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and Hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP) cycle of E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Essential oil treatments (p < 0.05) could significantly prolong the shelf life of pakchoi, total bacterial count (TBC) values and chlorophyll content of GEO/GIEO/LCEO sample were 3.47 log cfu/g and 0.82 mg/g, respectively, after storage for 7 days. E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa counts in GEO/GIEO/LCEO samples decreased by 56.76 %, 70.10 %, 73.95 % compared to CK (no essential oil) samples. The comprehensive results from the sensory (flavor and color) and microbial analysis (especially TBC) showed that GEO/GIEO/LCEO could extend the shelf life of ready-to-eat pakchoi from 4 d to 7 d. As compared with GEO, GIEO or LCEO individually, the combination of GEO, GIEO and LCEO exhibited synergistic effect and more pronouncedly antibacterial activity to improve quality of ready-to-eat pakchoi.

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Phytochemical Constituents and Antiproliferative Activities of Essential Oils from Four Varieties of Malaysian Zingiber officinale Roscoe against Human Cervical Cancer Cell Line.

Autores: Atiqah Zaid, Xue Rou Haw, Huda Hisham Alkatib, Sreenivasan Sasidharan, Philip J Marriott, Yong Foo Wong | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study evaluates the volatile metabolic constituents and anticancer potential of essential oils distilled from the rhizomes of four Malaysian Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae family) varieties (Bentong (BE), Cameron Highlands (CH), Sabah (SA), and Bara (BA)). The ginger essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC qMS). A total of 58 secondary compounds were tentatively identified, representing 82.6-87.4% of the total ion count. These metabolites comprise mainly of monoterpene hydrocarbons (19.7-25.5%), oxygenated monoterpenes (23.6-33.7%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (21.3-35.6%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (1.5-3.9%), and other minor classes of compounds (0.7-2.7%). Principal component analysis (PCA) enabled differentiation of the analyzed ginger essential oils according to their varieties, with respect to their metabolites and relative quantities. The antiproliferative activity against the HeLa cervical cancer cell line was investigated via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The oils were found to exhibit strong antiproliferative activities with IC50 values of 23.8, 35.3, 41.3, and 42.5 μg/mL for BA, BE, SA, and CH, respectively. These findings suggest that the differences among the secondary metabolites and their abundance in different varieties of Z. officinale essential oils appear to be related to their antiproliferative potential. The strong antiproliferative effects of these oils signified their potential in the prevention and chemotherapy of cervical carcinoma treatment.

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Characterization of ginger essential oil/palygorskite composite (GEO-PGS) and its anti-bacteria activity.

Autores: Hong Lei, Qiaonian Wei, Qing Wang, Anxiang Su, Mei Xue, Qin Liu, Qiuhui Hu | Ano: 2017 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: To explore a novel kind of anti-bacterial composite material having the excellent antibacterial ability, stability and specific-targeting capability, palygorskite (PGS) was used as the carrier of ginger essential oil (GEO) and a novel kind of composite GEO-PGS was prepared by ion exchange process. The characterization and the antibacterial activity of GEO-PGS was investigated in this study. Results of FTIR, XPS, XRD,TG analysis and SEM observation demonstrated the combination of GEO and PGS, GEO was absorbed on the surface of PGS, and the content of GEO in the composite was estimated to be 18.66%. Results of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) analysis, growth curve and Gram staining analysis of Staphylococci aureus and Escherichia coli exposed to GEO-PGS showed that GEO-PGS had much higher antibacterial activity than GEO, and GEO-PGS had the specific-targeting antibacterial capability. Moreover, GEO-PGS showed the characteristics of thermo-stability, acidity and alkalinity-resistance in exerting its anti-bacteria activity. In conclusion, the novel composite GEO-PGS combined the bacteria-absorbent activity of PGS and the antibacterial activity of GEO, suggesting the great potential application of GEO-PGS as the novel composite substance with high antibacterial activity.

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Synergistic antibacterial mechanism of different essential oils and their effect on quality attributes of ready-to-eat pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis).

Autores: Lihui Zhang, Min Zhang, Ronghua Ju, Arun S Mujumdar, Kun Liu | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The mixture of garlic essential oil (GEO), ginger essential oil (GIEO) and litsea cubeba essential oil (LCEO) was prepared and its effect on the antibacterial activity of E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, as well as properties of ready-to-eat pakchoi during storage were assessed. GEO, GIEO or LCEO treatment significantly enhanced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, resulting in disruption of the permeability of cell membrane, the leakage of cytoplasmic contents, and the alteration of the secondary structure of bacterial proteins. Meanwhile, GEO, GIEO or LCEO treatment repressed the key enzyme in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and Hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP) cycle of E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Essential oil treatments (p < 0.05) could significantly prolong the shelf life of pakchoi, total bacterial count (TBC) values and chlorophyll content of GEO/GIEO/LCEO sample were 3.47 log cfu/g and 0.82 mg/g, respectively, after storage for 7 days. E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa counts in GEO/GIEO/LCEO samples decreased by 56.76 %, 70.10 %, 73.95 % compared to CK (no essential oil) samples. The comprehensive results from the sensory (flavor and color) and microbial analysis (especially TBC) showed that GEO/GIEO/LCEO could extend the shelf life of ready-to-eat pakchoi from 4 d to 7 d. As compared with GEO, GIEO or LCEO individually, the combination of GEO, GIEO and LCEO exhibited synergistic effect and more pronouncedly antibacterial activity to improve quality of ready-to-eat pakchoi.

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Phytochemicals Profiling, Antimicrobial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Essential Oil Extracted from Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe cv. Bentong) against Burkholderia glumae Causative Agent of Bacterial Panicle Blight Disease of Rice.

Autores: Mahesh Tiran Gunasena, Amara Rafi, Syazwan Afif Mohd Zobir, Mohd Zobir Hussein, Asgar Ali, Abdulaziz Bashir Kutawa, Mohd Aswad Abdul Wahab, Mohd Roslan Sulaiman, Fariz Adzmi, Khairulmazmi Ahmad | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils protect plants, and due to their natural origin, there is much interest in using them as antimicrobial agents. The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical constituents of ginger essential oil (GEO), antimicrobial activity, and mode of action against Burkholderia glumae (Bg). In addition, the volatile active compounds (AIs) were studied using GC-MS, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. A total of 45 phytochemical components were detected and the most prevalent bioactive compounds were Geranial, 1,8-Cineole, Neral, Camphene, α-Zingiberene, and α-Farnesene. Furthermore, it was found that the most dominant terpenes in GEO were monoterpenes. The diameter zone of inhibition values varied from 7.1 to 15 mm depending on the concentration tested. In addition, the MIC and MBC values were 112.5 µL/mL. Faster killing time and lower membrane potential were observed in 1xMIC treatment compared to 0.5xMIC treatment, whereas the control had the maximum values. From observations of various images, it was concluded that the mode of action of GEO affected the cytoplasmic membrane, causing it to lose its integrity and increase its permeability. Therefore, the antibacterial study and mechanism of action revealed that GEO is very effective in suppressing the growth of B. glumae.

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Phytochemicals Profiling, Antimicrobial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Essential Oil Extracted from Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe cv. Bentong) against Burkholderia glumae Causative Agent of Bacterial Panicle Blight Disease of Rice.

Autores: Mahesh Tiran Gunasena, Amara Rafi, Syazwan Afif Mohd Zobir, Mohd Zobir Hussein, Asgar Ali, Abdulaziz Bashir Kutawa, Mohd Aswad Abdul Wahab, Mohd Roslan Sulaiman, Fariz Adzmi, Khairulmazmi Ahmad | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils protect plants, and due to their natural origin, there is much interest in using them as antimicrobial agents. The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical constituents of ginger essential oil (GEO), antimicrobial activity, and mode of action against Burkholderia glumae (Bg). In addition, the volatile active compounds (AIs) were studied using GC-MS, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. A total of 45 phytochemical components were detected and the most prevalent bioactive compounds were Geranial, 1,8-Cineole, Neral, Camphene, α-Zingiberene, and α-Farnesene. Furthermore, it was found that the most dominant terpenes in GEO were monoterpenes. The diameter zone of inhibition values varied from 7.1 to 15 mm depending on the concentration tested. In addition, the MIC and MBC values were 112.5 µL/mL. Faster killing time and lower membrane potential were observed in 1xMIC treatment compared to 0.5xMIC treatment, whereas the control had the maximum values. From observations of various images, it was concluded that the mode of action of GEO affected the cytoplasmic membrane, causing it to lose its integrity and increase its permeability. Therefore, the antibacterial study and mechanism of action revealed that GEO is very effective in suppressing the growth of B. glumae.

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Antibacterial Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis, Zingiber officinale, Citrus aurantium bergamia, and Copaifera officinalis Alone and in Combination with Calcium Hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis.

Autores: Silmara Silva, Nayane Alves, Priscila Silva, Thalita Vieira, Panmella Maciel, Lúcio Roberto Castellano, Paulo Bonan, Christianne Velozo, Diana Albuquerque | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different concentrations of essential oils combined with calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis. Thirteen experimental groups were formed: NC (negative control); PC (positive control); GC (growth control); SC (sterilization control); RO (Rosmarinus officinalis); ROH (calcium hydroxide + RO); ZO (Zingiber officinale); ZOH (calcium hydroxide + ZO); AB (Citrus aurantium bergamia); ABH (calcium hydroxide + AB); CO (Copaifera officinalis); COH (calcium hydroxide + CO); DWH (calcium hydroxide and distilled water). After reconstitution of the E. faecalis strain, microdilution testing was performed to define the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The data were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet, and the MIC and MBC were calculated in accordance with the Bacteriological Analytical Handbook. MICs in the range of 0 to 100 mg/ml were only observed in the ROH group. The RO, ROH, AB, ZO, and ZOH presented absolute data for MBC. Bacterial growth was detected in the DWH group at all concentrations tested. The combination of the essential oils tested here with calcium hydroxide appears promising as an intracanal medication in endodontic treatment because of its effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis. Essential oils are important in endodontic therapy since calcium hydroxide, the gold standard intracanal medication, is not effective against E. faecalis.

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Conclusão: N/A

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Ginger Essential Oil against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Autores: Xin Wang, Yi Shen, Kiran Thakur, Jinzhi Han, Jian-Guo Zhang, Fei Hu, Zhao-Jun Wei | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Though essential oils exhibit antibacterial activity against food pathogens, their underlying mechanism is understudied. We extracted ginger essential oil (GEO) using supercritical CO2 and steam distillation. A chemical composition comparison by GC-MS showed that the main components of the extracted GEOs were zingiberene and α-curcumene. Their antibacterial activity and associated mechanism against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were investigated. The diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) of GEO against S. aureus was 17.1 mm, with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 1.0 mg/mL, and minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) of 2.0 mg/mL. For E. coli, the DIZ was 12.3 mm with MIC and MBC values of 2.0 mg/mL and 4.0 mg/mL, respectively. The SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that some of the electrophoretic bacterial cell proteins bands disappeared with the increase in GEO concentration. Consequently, the nucleic acids content of bacterial suspension was raised significantly and the metabolic activity of bacteria was markedly decreased. GEO could thus inhibit the expression of some genes linked to bacterial energy metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, cell membrane-related proteins, and DNA metabolism. Our findings speculate the bactericidal effects of GEO primarily through disruption of the bacterial cell membrane indicating its suitability in food perseveration.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Ginger Essential Oil against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Autores: Xin Wang, Yi Shen, Kiran Thakur, Jinzhi Han, Jian-Guo Zhang, Fei Hu, Zhao-Jun Wei | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Though essential oils exhibit antibacterial activity against food pathogens, their underlying mechanism is understudied. We extracted ginger essential oil (GEO) using supercritical CO2 and steam distillation. A chemical composition comparison by GC-MS showed that the main components of the extracted GEOs were zingiberene and α-curcumene. Their antibacterial activity and associated mechanism against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were investigated. The diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) of GEO against S. aureus was 17.1 mm, with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 1.0 mg/mL, and minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) of 2.0 mg/mL. For E. coli, the DIZ was 12.3 mm with MIC and MBC values of 2.0 mg/mL and 4.0 mg/mL, respectively. The SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that some of the electrophoretic bacterial cell proteins bands disappeared with the increase in GEO concentration. Consequently, the nucleic acids content of bacterial suspension was raised significantly and the metabolic activity of bacteria was markedly decreased. GEO could thus inhibit the expression of some genes linked to bacterial energy metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, cell membrane-related proteins, and DNA metabolism. Our findings speculate the bactericidal effects of GEO primarily through disruption of the bacterial cell membrane indicating its suitability in food perseveration.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Physicochemical characteristics of ginger essential oil nanoemulsion encapsulated by zein/NaCas and antimicrobial control on chilled chicken.

Autores: Minmin Tang, Fang Liu, Qian Wang, Debao Wang, Daoying Wang, Yongzhi Zhu, Zhilan Sun, Weimin Xu | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: An efficient antibacterial nanoemulsion was prepared using zein and NaCas to encapsulate ginger essential oil (GEO). Physical, optical, and mechanical properties as well as the antibacterial activities of GEO nanoemulsion were investigated. At 1:1 mass ratio of zein/NaCas, the GEO nanoemulsion possessed the highest solubility, entrapment efficiency and stability. The GEO/zein/NaCas complex was confirmed by ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy. The addition of GEO led to more amorphous structure formation and the secondary structure changes of zein/NaCas improved the solubility and stability of GEO. GEO nanoemulsion inactivated two common foodborne bacteria, namely, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by destroying the cell membrane. Meanwhile, the GEO nanoemulsion exhibited better preservation effects on chilled chicken breasts than non-emulsified GEO and could effectively prolong the shelf life of chicken breasts for 6 days. This research provides a green and low-cost method for preparing GEO nanoemulsion to control the risk of foodborne pathogens.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Propriedades antibacterianas de óleos essenciais de plantas medicinais/ Antibacterial properties of essential oils from medicinal plants

Autores: Lima, Edeltrudes de Oliveira; Farias, Nilma Maria Porto; Souza, Evandro Leite; Santos, Bernadete Helena Cavalcante | Ano: 2003 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Objetivo: Realizar o estudo in vitro da atividade antibacteriana de óleos essenciais obtidos das seguintes plantas medicinais: Cinnamomum zeylanicum (canela), Citrus limonium (limoeiro), Cymbopogom citratus (Capim-santo), Eucaliptus globulus (eucalipto), Eugenia caryophillus (cravo da índia), E. uniflora (pitanga), Lippia alba (erva-cidreira), Matricaria chamomilla (camomila), Pneumus boldus (boldo), Ruta graveolens (arruda) e Zingiber officinalis (gengibre) sobre cepas de bactérias Gram negativas. Material e Métodos: Os óleos essenciais foram obtidos pela técnica de destilação por arraste com vapor de gua. Os ensaios das propriedades antibacterianas dos óleos essenciais, foram executados pela técnica de difusão em meio sólido. Resultados: Cinco dos nove óleos essenciais analisados apresentaram poder de inibição do crescimento de uma ou mais cepas de bactérias Gram negativas. Somente os óleos essenciais de R. graveolens e Z. officinalis não apresentaram ação inibitória sobre nenhuma cepa testada. Entretanto, o óleo essencial C. citratus obteve destaque entre os produtos analisados, o qual apresentou uma concentração inibitória mínima de 8 por cento para as cepas analisadas. Conclusão: Os óleos essenciais de plantas medicinais apresentam-se como agentes potencialmente efetivos na inibição do crescimento de bactérias Gram negativas, sendo destacada a ação do óleo essencial de C. citratus.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial de rizomas de açafrão (Curcuma longa L. ) e gengibre (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) frente a salmonelas entéricas isoladas de frango resfriado/ Antimicrobial activity of essential oil from Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale rhizomes against enteric Salmonella isolated from chicken

Autores: Majolo, C.; Nascimento, V.P.; Chagas, E.C.; Chaves, F.C.M. | Ano: 2014 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Objetivou-se com este trabalho identificar, quantificar os constituintes, e avaliar a atividade antibacteriana dos óleos essenciais extraídos de rizomas de açafrão (Curcuma longa L.) e gengibre (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) cultivados nas condições de Manaus/AM frente a 14 salmonelas entéricas isoladas de frango resfriado. A extração dos óleos essenciais foi realizada utilizando-se aparelho tipo Clevenger e a composição determinada por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas (CG-MS). A atividade antibacteriana foi realizada com o emprego de técnica de microdiluição em caldo. O óleo essencial de gengibre se mostrou expressivamente mais eficiente do que o óleo de açafrão, tanto em termos de ação bacteriostática (concentração inibitória mínima de 2500 a 5000 µg.mL-1) quanto bactericida (concentração bactericida mínima de 5000 a 10000 µg.mL-1) observando-se variação apenas em duas as amostras em termos de resistência a ação bactericida deste óleo. Assim, o óleo essencial de gengibre, representa uma alternativa para o controle de Salmonella enterica, entretanto, demais estudos abordando o sinergismo com alimentos são indicados.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Antibacterial and Biofilm Inhibitory Activity of Medicinal Plant Essential Oils Against Escherichia coli Isolated from UTI Patients.

Autores: Rihab Lagha, Fethi Ben Abdallah, Badriah Osama Al-Sarhan, Yassin Al-Sodany | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Urinary tract infections (UTIs), caused by Escherichia coli 80% to 85% of the time, are one of the most important causes of morbidity and health care spending affecting persons of all ages. These infections lead to many difficult problems, especially increasing resistance to antibiotic drugs. Bacterial biofilms play an important role in UTIs, responsible for persistent infections leading to recurrences and relapses. In this study, we have investigated the antibacterial activity of five medicinal plant essential oils against UTIs caused by E. coli using disc diffusion and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) methods. In addition, biofilm inhibitory action of oils was realized by crystal violet. Gas chromatography⁻mass spectrometry (GC⁻MS) analysis showed a variability between oils in terms of compound numbers as well as their percentages. Antibacterial activity was observed only in cases of Origanum majorana, Thymus zygis and Rosmarinus officinalis, while Juniperus communis and Zingiber officinale did not showed any effect towards E. coli isolates. T. zygis essential oil demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli isolates, followed by O. majorana and R. officinalis. Further, oils showed high biofilm inhibitory action with a percentage of inhibition that ranged from 14.94% to 94.75%. R. officinalis oil had the highest antibiofilm activity followed by T. zygis and O. majorana. Accordingly, tested oils showed very effective antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against E. coli UTIs and can be considered as good alternative for antibiotics substitution.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Physicochemical characteristics of ginger essential oil nanoemulsion encapsulated by zein/NaCas and antimicrobial control on chilled chicken.

Autores: Minmin Tang, Fang Liu, Qian Wang, Debao Wang, Daoying Wang, Yongzhi Zhu, Zhilan Sun, Weimin Xu | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: An efficient antibacterial nanoemulsion was prepared using zein and NaCas to encapsulate ginger essential oil (GEO). Physical, optical, and mechanical properties as well as the antibacterial activities of GEO nanoemulsion were investigated. At 1:1 mass ratio of zein/NaCas, the GEO nanoemulsion possessed the highest solubility, entrapment efficiency and stability. The GEO/zein/NaCas complex was confirmed by ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy. The addition of GEO led to more amorphous structure formation and the secondary structure changes of zein/NaCas improved the solubility and stability of GEO. GEO nanoemulsion inactivated two common foodborne bacteria, namely, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by destroying the cell membrane. Meanwhile, the GEO nanoemulsion exhibited better preservation effects on chilled chicken breasts than non-emulsified GEO and could effectively prolong the shelf life of chicken breasts for 6 days. This research provides a green and low-cost method for preparing GEO nanoemulsion to control the risk of foodborne pathogens.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Atividade in vitro de óleos essenciais de cinnamomum cassia (l.) J. Presl, myristica fragrans houtt, schinus terebinthifolius raddi, zingiber officinale roscoe, sobre candida albicans/ In vitro activity of essential oils from cinnamomum cassia (l.) J. Presl, myristica fragrans houtt, schinus terebinthifolius raddi, zingiber officinale roscoe, on candida albicans

Autores: Guilherme, Marcos Paulo | Ano: 2021 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antifúngica dos óleos essenciais de Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl, Myristica fragrans Houtt, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Zingiber officinale Roscoe bem como o composto químico majoritário do óleo essencial com a menor concentração fungicida mínima sobre 16 isolados biológicos de Candida albicans. Determinar as concentrações fungicidas mínimas, o efeito dos óleos e do composto químico majoritário, em doses subinibitórias sobre a formação de tubo germinativo, clamidoconídeo e a produção de franjas, nos isolados de C. albicans, antes e após contato com os diferentes óleos essenciais e composto químico majoritário. Os quatro óleos essenciais apresentaram atividade inibitória sobre C. albicans. C. cassia (L.) J.Presl CFM 50 3,23 µg/mL e CFM 90 51,68 µg/mL ,M. fragrans Houtt CFM 50 21,437 µg/mL e CFM 90 171.500 µg/mL, S. terebinthifolius Raddi CFM 50 42.600 µg/mL e CFM 90 85.200µg/mL, Z. officinale Roscoe CFM 50 171.200µg/mL e CFM 90 resistente até a concentração de 171.200 µg/mL, sendo o óleo essencial de C. cassia (L.) J.Presl o que apresentou a menor concentração fungicida sobre os isolados de C. albicans. Nas doses subinibitórias os óleos essenciais de C. cassia (L.) J.Presl (canela), M. fragans Houtt (noz moscada), S. terebinthifolius Raddi (pimenta rosa), Z. officinale Roscoe (gengibre) não inibiram em todos os isolados a formação de tubo germinativo e clamidoconídeo, mas alteraram a produção de franjas. O composto químico majoritário aldeído cinâmico do óleo essencial de C. cassia (L.) J.Presl com CFM 50 26,64µg/mL e CFM 90 213,18 µg/mL, apresentou atividade fungicida sobre os isolados de C. albicans, mas pouca atividade inibitória na formação de tubo germinativo, clamidoconídeo e produção de franja. O óleo essencial de C. cassia (L.) J.Presl (canela), apresentou as melhores concentrações fungicidas mínimas e inibição da formação de tubo germinativo em relação ao composto químico majoritário aldeído cinâmico.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Untangling the multi-regime molecular mechanism of verbenol-chemotype Zingiber officinale essential oil against Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1.

Autores: Prem Pratap Singh, Atul Kumar Jaiswal, Akshay Kumar, Vishal Gupta, Bhanu Prakash | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the natural polyketide produced by Aspergillus flavus, has a potent carcinogenic effect on humans as well as animals. In the present study, the antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic B1 activity of chemically characterized Zingiber officinale essential oil (ZOEO) was investigated via in vitro analysis aided with molecular dynamics (MD) approaches. The GC-MS results revealed verbenol (52.41%) as the major component of oil. The antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activity of ZOEO was found to be 0.6 µl/ml and 0.5 µl/ml respectively. In-vitro analysis targeting the cell membrane, mitochondria and carbohydrate catabolism elucidated the probable antifungal mode of action. Further, docking and MD simulation results confirmed the inhibitory action of verbenol on the structural gene products (Nor-1, Omt-1, and Vbs) of aflatoxin biosynthetic machinery. Biochemical assays revealed the fungitoxic potential of the ZOEO while, computational results infers the stabilizing effects on the gene products upon verbenol binding leads to the impairment in its functionality. This is the first attempt to assess the multi-regime anti-AFB1 mechanism of verbenol chemotype-ZOEO targeting the Nor-1, Omt-1, and Vbs via computational approaches.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Untangling the multi-regime molecular mechanism of verbenol-chemotype Zingiber officinale essential oil against Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1.

Autores: Prem Pratap Singh, Atul Kumar Jaiswal, Akshay Kumar, Vishal Gupta, Bhanu Prakash | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the natural polyketide produced by Aspergillus flavus, has a potent carcinogenic effect on humans as well as animals. In the present study, the antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic B1 activity of chemically characterized Zingiber officinale essential oil (ZOEO) was investigated via in vitro analysis aided with molecular dynamics (MD) approaches. The GC-MS results revealed verbenol (52.41%) as the major component of oil. The antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activity of ZOEO was found to be 0.6 µl/ml and 0.5 µl/ml respectively. In-vitro analysis targeting the cell membrane, mitochondria and carbohydrate catabolism elucidated the probable antifungal mode of action. Further, docking and MD simulation results confirmed the inhibitory action of verbenol on the structural gene products (Nor-1, Omt-1, and Vbs) of aflatoxin biosynthetic machinery. Biochemical assays revealed the fungitoxic potential of the ZOEO while, computational results infers the stabilizing effects on the gene products upon verbenol binding leads to the impairment in its functionality. This is the first attempt to assess the multi-regime anti-AFB1 mechanism of verbenol chemotype-ZOEO targeting the Nor-1, Omt-1, and Vbs via computational approaches.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Ginger and parsley essential oils: chemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and evaluation of their application in cheese preservation.

Autores: Sara Vitalini, Luca Nalbone, Cristian Bernardi, Marcello Iriti, Rosaria Costa, Nicola Cicero, Filippo Giarratana, Lisa Vallone | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity of parsley [Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss] and ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) essential oils from store-bought parsley plants and ginger rhizomes were evaluated. A sensory analysis was performed on aged cheese slices treated with a mix of each essential oil and seed oil. Parsley essential oil was selected as the best compromise between sensory influence and antimicrobial activity and tested to evaluate its antifungal effects on cheese slices experimentally contaminated with Aspergillus flavus. Monoterpenes and α-zingiberene were the most abundant compounds in parsley and ginger essential oil, respectively. Both essential oils showed in vitro antimicrobial activity against different fungal species while only a bacterial strain (Enterococcus faecalis) was sensible to ginger essential oil. Only the cheese slices treated with parsley essential oil were appreciated by the panellists and its use has been effective in preventing the A. flavus growth in cheese.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Ginger Essential Oil as an Active Addition to Composite Chitosan Films: Development and Characterization.

Autores: Sawsan Ali Al-Hilifi, Rawdah Mahmood Al-Ali, Anka Trajkovska Petkoska | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The recent interest in food biopackaging is showing an increasing trend, especially in the development of antimicrobial coatings and films. The focus of this study is to assess the potential application of ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oil (GEO) to polysaccharide films based on chitosan (CHf) and their utilization as an active edible packaging. The films were characterized by different instrumental techniques, and data indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) in the chemical composition of the samples. Forty-seven active compounds from ginger rhizomes were identified in the examined essential oil by gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Fourier transforms infrared spectra (FT-IR) confirmed an interaction between the hydroxyl groups of the phenolic compounds of the essential oil and the amine groups of the bioactive matrix, as shown by the peaks at wavenumbers 1639 cm−1 and 1558 cm−1. X-ray diffraction data suggested a lower crystallinity in the CHf due to the addition of GEO. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis revealed that the CHf possessed high thermal stability, especially when different concentrations of GEO were added. The bioactive CHf showed distinct activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, thus improving the antimicrobial activity to these films. The results provide a comprehensive insight into the importance of films with incorporated EOs as novel types of active food packaging. Antimicrobial food packaging is one of the most promising kinds of active packaging, and acts to reduce, inhibit, or retard any microorganism growth that could contaminate packaged food items.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Antimicrobial activity of propolis and essential oils and synergism between these natural products

Autores: Probst, I. S; Sforcin, J. M; Rall, V. L. M; Fernandes, A. A. H; Fernandes Júnior, A | Ano: 2011 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: In the present study, Apis mellifera propolis and essential oils (EOs) obtained from aromatic plants were evaluated as alternative antimicrobials. We aimed to establish the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) from Apis mellifera and of EOs from Caryophyllus aromaticus, Zingiber officinale, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Mentha piperita against 32 Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains from human clinical specimens. The antimicrobials were diluted in agar and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were found whereas MIC90 percent values were calculated. Time-kill curve assays using mixtures containing one quarter of MIC90 percent for EEP with all EOs as well cinnamon EO were performed. The cinnamon EO was found to be the most efficient, with MIC90 percent values of 1.22 and 0.96 mg x mL-1 respectively against S. aureus and E. coli, whereas MIC90 percent of EEP were 1.86 and 20.12 mg x mL-1 respectively against S. aureus and E. coli. The combinations of EEP with ginger and mint EOs, and cinnamon with ginger and clove EOs, showed synergistic effects. Consequently, further studies are necessary to confirm these activities in vivo and to evaluate the phytochemical characteristics of natural products.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Action of ginger essential oil (Zingiber officinale) encapsulated in proteins ultrafine fibers on the antimicrobial control in situ.

Autores: Francine Tavares da Silva, Kamila Furtado da Cunha, Laura Martins Fonseca, Mariana Dias Antunes, Shanise Lisie Mello El Halal, Ângela Maria Fiorentini, Elessandra da Rosa Zavareze, Alvaro Renato Guerra Dias | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The ultrafine fibers were produced using a polymeric blend of soy protein isolate (SPI), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and zein at a ratio of 1:1:1 (v/v/v) by electrospinning. The ginger essential oil (GEO) was encapsulated in the ultrafine fibers and the morphology, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, thermal properties and relative crystallinity were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity of ginger essential oil was evaluated against five bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Based on the preliminary tests, the concentration of GEO selected to add in the polymer solution was 12% (v/v; GEO/polymer solution). The fiber produced with 12% (v/v) GEO was used for antimicrobial analysis and in situ application (in fresh Minas cheese) against L. monocytogenes by micro-atmosphere. The ultrafine fibers produced, regardless the concentration of the essential oil, presented homogeneous morphology with cylindrical shape without the presence of beads. The application of the active fibers containing 12% GEO showed high potential to be applied in food packaging to reduce microbial contamination.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Phytochemicals Profiling, Antimicrobial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Essential Oil Extracted from Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe cv. Bentong) against Burkholderia glumae Causative Agent of Bacterial Panicle Blight Disease of Rice.

Autores: Mahesh Tiran Gunasena, Amara Rafi, Syazwan Afif Mohd Zobir, Mohd Zobir Hussein, Asgar Ali, Abdulaziz Bashir Kutawa, Mohd Aswad Abdul Wahab, Mohd Roslan Sulaiman, Fariz Adzmi, Khairulmazmi Ahmad | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils protect plants, and due to their natural origin, there is much interest in using them as antimicrobial agents. The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical constituents of ginger essential oil (GEO), antimicrobial activity, and mode of action against Burkholderia glumae (Bg). In addition, the volatile active compounds (AIs) were studied using GC-MS, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. A total of 45 phytochemical components were detected and the most prevalent bioactive compounds were Geranial, 1,8-Cineole, Neral, Camphene, α-Zingiberene, and α-Farnesene. Furthermore, it was found that the most dominant terpenes in GEO were monoterpenes. The diameter zone of inhibition values varied from 7.1 to 15 mm depending on the concentration tested. In addition, the MIC and MBC values were 112.5 µL/mL. Faster killing time and lower membrane potential were observed in 1xMIC treatment compared to 0.5xMIC treatment, whereas the control had the maximum values. From observations of various images, it was concluded that the mode of action of GEO affected the cytoplasmic membrane, causing it to lose its integrity and increase its permeability. Therefore, the antibacterial study and mechanism of action revealed that GEO is very effective in suppressing the growth of B. glumae.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Action of ginger essential oil (Zingiber officinale) encapsulated in proteins ultrafine fibers on the antimicrobial control in situ.

Autores: Francine Tavares da Silva, Kamila Furtado da Cunha, Laura Martins Fonseca, Mariana Dias Antunes, Shanise Lisie Mello El Halal, Ângela Maria Fiorentini, Elessandra da Rosa Zavareze, Alvaro Renato Guerra Dias | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The ultrafine fibers were produced using a polymeric blend of soy protein isolate (SPI), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and zein at a ratio of 1:1:1 (v/v/v) by electrospinning. The ginger essential oil (GEO) was encapsulated in the ultrafine fibers and the morphology, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, thermal properties and relative crystallinity were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity of ginger essential oil was evaluated against five bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Based on the preliminary tests, the concentration of GEO selected to add in the polymer solution was 12% (v/v; GEO/polymer solution). The fiber produced with 12% (v/v) GEO was used for antimicrobial analysis and in situ application (in fresh Minas cheese) against L. monocytogenes by micro-atmosphere. The ultrafine fibers produced, regardless the concentration of the essential oil, presented homogeneous morphology with cylindrical shape without the presence of beads. The application of the active fibers containing 12% GEO showed high potential to be applied in food packaging to reduce microbial contamination.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Flavor, antimicrobial activity and physical properties of gelatin film incorporated with of ginger essential oil.

Autores: Xin Li, Zong-Cai Tu, Xiao-Mei Sha, Yun-Hua Ye, Zhong-Ying Li | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Adding essential oil into the gelatin-based film can enhance the antibacterial activity of the film, but excessive amounts of addition will bring the film an unpleasant flavor and reduce its mechanical performance. Hence, we prepared functional gelatin-based films by incorporating low content of ginger essential oil (GEO). The flavor of GEO was not detected from the films containing less than 1% GEO. The antimicrobial activity of films was found to be proportional to GEO content. As GEO content increased from 0 to 1%, the value of water vapor permeability (WVP) and elongation at break (EAB) increased, whereas the value of tensile strength (TS) of film decreased. The Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analysis revealed the vibration of gelatin film was affected by adding low content of essential oil. Surface morphologies demonstrated oil droplets and a discontinuous structure, and cross-section morphologies proved the formation of a loose structure as GEO was incorporated in the film through SEM. Sensory evaluation revealed that composite films incorporated with 0.5% GEO exhibited the best performance. The resulting films can be used as antimicrobial packaging materials with good physical properties and sensory performance.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Ginger Essential Oil as an Active Addition to Composite Chitosan Films: Development and Characterization.

Autores: Sawsan Ali Al-Hilifi, Rawdah Mahmood Al-Ali, Anka Trajkovska Petkoska | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The recent interest in food biopackaging is showing an increasing trend, especially in the development of antimicrobial coatings and films. The focus of this study is to assess the potential application of ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oil (GEO) to polysaccharide films based on chitosan (CHf) and their utilization as an active edible packaging. The films were characterized by different instrumental techniques, and data indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) in the chemical composition of the samples. Forty-seven active compounds from ginger rhizomes were identified in the examined essential oil by gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Fourier transforms infrared spectra (FT-IR) confirmed an interaction between the hydroxyl groups of the phenolic compounds of the essential oil and the amine groups of the bioactive matrix, as shown by the peaks at wavenumbers 1639 cm−1 and 1558 cm−1. X-ray diffraction data suggested a lower crystallinity in the CHf due to the addition of GEO. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis revealed that the CHf possessed high thermal stability, especially when different concentrations of GEO were added. The bioactive CHf showed distinct activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, thus improving the antimicrobial activity to these films. The results provide a comprehensive insight into the importance of films with incorporated EOs as novel types of active food packaging. Antimicrobial food packaging is one of the most promising kinds of active packaging, and acts to reduce, inhibit, or retard any microorganism growth that could contaminate packaged food items.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Potential of native Thai aromatic plant extracts in antiwrinkle body creams.

Autores: Pimporn Leelapornpisid, R Randall Wickett, Sunee Chansakaow, Nitima Wongwattananukul | Ano: 2015 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Antioxidant activities of 10 essential oils and 10 absolutes extracted from Thai aromatic plants were evaluated and compared to thyme oil, trolox, quercetin, and kaempferol by two independent assays: the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) radical scavenging assay and the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) assay for lipid peroxidation. We found that four essential oils including ginger oil (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), Wan-sao-long leaf oil (Amomum uliginosum Koen), lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus), holy basil oil (Ocimum sanctum L.), and the absolute of dwarf ylang-ylang [Cananga odorata Hook. f. & Thomson var. fruticosa (Craib) J. Sinclair] exhibited high antioxidant activity in both DPPH and TBARS assays and possessed satisfactory fragrance properties. These were then combined into an essential oil blend (EOB) and retested for antioxidant activity. The EOB also exhibited high antioxidant activity in the above assays. It was then incorporated into a stable cream base as EOB body cream. The EOB body cream was found to be best able under storage in stress conditions and presented significantly higher antioxidant activity than its' cream base both before and after stability testing. The effect of EOB body cream on skin surface topography was evaluated in 29 healthy volunteers using the Skin Visiometer (SV 600 FW, CK Electronic GmbH, Germany). Three parameters, Ra, Rz (roughness), and surface, were analyzed. After 4 weeks of application, the EOB body cream showed significant reductions in surface and Rz compared with before treatment (p < 0.05, paired t-test), and with untreated and placebo treatment (p < 0.05, Duncan test). These results indicate that the essential oils and absolutes from Thai plants may serve as potential sources of natural antioxidants for spa and cosmetic products designed to prevent or treat signs of skin aging.

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Laurus nobilis, Zingiber officinale and Anethum graveolens Essential Oils: Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities against Bacteria Isolated from Fish and Shellfish.

Autores: Mejdi Snuossi, Najla Trabelsi, Sabrine Ben Taleb, Ameni Dehmeni, Guido Flamini, Vincenzo De Feo | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Several bacterial strains were isolated from wild and reared fish and shellfish. The identification of these strains showed the dominance of the Aeromonas hydrophila species in all seafood samples, followed by Staphylococcus spp., Vibrio alginolyticus, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella ornithinolytica, Klebsiella oxytoca and Serratia odorifera. The isolates were studied for their ability to produce exoenzymes and biofilms. The chemical composition of the essential oils from Laurus nobilis leaves, Zingiber officinale rhizomes and Anethum graveolens aerial parts was studied by GC and GC/MS. The essential oils' antioxidant and antibacterial activities against the isolated microorganisms were studied. Low concentrations of the three essential oils were needed to inhibit the growth of the selected bacteria and the lowest MBCs values were obtained for the laurel essential oil. The selected essential oils can be used as a good natural preservative in fish food due to their antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

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Phytochemical Constituents and Antiproliferative Activities of Essential Oils from Four Varieties of Malaysian Zingiber officinale Roscoe against Human Cervical Cancer Cell Line.

Autores: Atiqah Zaid, Xue Rou Haw, Huda Hisham Alkatib, Sreenivasan Sasidharan, Philip J Marriott, Yong Foo Wong | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study evaluates the volatile metabolic constituents and anticancer potential of essential oils distilled from the rhizomes of four Malaysian Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae family) varieties (Bentong (BE), Cameron Highlands (CH), Sabah (SA), and Bara (BA)). The ginger essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC qMS). A total of 58 secondary compounds were tentatively identified, representing 82.6-87.4% of the total ion count. These metabolites comprise mainly of monoterpene hydrocarbons (19.7-25.5%), oxygenated monoterpenes (23.6-33.7%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (21.3-35.6%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (1.5-3.9%), and other minor classes of compounds (0.7-2.7%). Principal component analysis (PCA) enabled differentiation of the analyzed ginger essential oils according to their varieties, with respect to their metabolites and relative quantities. The antiproliferative activity against the HeLa cervical cancer cell line was investigated via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The oils were found to exhibit strong antiproliferative activities with IC50 values of 23.8, 35.3, 41.3, and 42.5 μg/mL for BA, BE, SA, and CH, respectively. These findings suggest that the differences among the secondary metabolites and their abundance in different varieties of Z. officinale essential oils appear to be related to their antiproliferative potential. The strong antiproliferative effects of these oils signified their potential in the prevention and chemotherapy of cervical carcinoma treatment.

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Ginger essential oil and fractions against Mycobacterium spp.

Autores: Vanessa Pietrowski Baldin, Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro, Carla Maria Mariano Fernandez, Andressa Lorena Ieque, Katiany Rizzieri Caleffi-Ferracioli, Vera Lucia Dias Siqueira, Aryadne Larissa de Almeida, José Eduardo Gonçalves, Diógenes Aparício Garcia Cortez, Rosilene Fressatti Cardoso | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Zingiber officinale (ginger) is a perennial herbaceous plant native in tropical Asia and generally cultivated in most American tropical countries with widespread use in popular medicine. Ginger essential oil (GEO) has been reported to exhibit several biological activities, such as antimicrobial.

Resultados: The analyses showed 63 compounds in the GEO sample, characterized by a high number of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. GEO fractionation rendered 11 fractions (FR1 to FR11). GEO and fractions minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 31.25 to >250 μg/mL against Mtb and from 15.6 to >250 μg/mL against NTM. GEO showed better activity against NTM, M. chelonae, and M. abscessus sub. massiliense, than the semi-pure fractions. One fraction (FR5), containing γ-eudesmol as the main compound, was the most active against Mtb and NTM. The GEO and semi-pure fractions cytotoxicity assay showed CC50 63.3 μg/mL, and 36.3-312.5 μg/mL, respectively.

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Gastroprotective activity of essential oils from turmeric and ginger.

Autores: Vijayasteltar B Liju, Kottarapat Jeena, Ramadasan Kuttan | Ano: 2015 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and ginger (Zingiber officianale) are widely used in Asian countries as traditional medicine and food ingredients. In the present study, we have evaluated the gastroprotective activity of turmeric essential oil (TEO) and ginger essential oil (GEO) in rats.

Resultados: TEO and GEO inhibited ulcer by 84.7% and 85.1%, respectively, as seen from the ulcer index. Reduced antioxidant enzymes such as GPx, SOD, catalase and GSH produced by alcohol administration were significantly (p<0.001) increased by simultaneous administration of TEO and GEO. Histopathological examination showed that ethanol-induced lesions such as necrosis, erosion and hemorrhage of the stomach wall were significantly reduced after oral administration of essential oils.

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Gastroprotective activity of essential oils from turmeric and ginger.

Autores: Vijayasteltar B Liju, Kottarapat Jeena, Ramadasan Kuttan | Ano: 2015 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and ginger (Zingiber officianale) are widely used in Asian countries as traditional medicine and food ingredients. In the present study, we have evaluated the gastroprotective activity of turmeric essential oil (TEO) and ginger essential oil (GEO) in rats.

Resultados: TEO and GEO inhibited ulcer by 84.7% and 85.1%, respectively, as seen from the ulcer index. Reduced antioxidant enzymes such as GPx, SOD, catalase and GSH produced by alcohol administration were significantly (p<0.001) increased by simultaneous administration of TEO and GEO. Histopathological examination showed that ethanol-induced lesions such as necrosis, erosion and hemorrhage of the stomach wall were significantly reduced after oral administration of essential oils.

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Inhibitory effect of essential oils against herpes simplex virus type 2.

Autores: C Koch, J Reichling, J Schneele, P Schnitzler | Ano: 2008 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils from anise, hyssop, thyme, ginger, camomile and sandalwood were screened for their inhibitory effect against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in vitro on RC-37 cells using a plaque reduction assay. Genital herpes is a chronic, persistent infection spreading efficiently and silently as sexually transmitted disease through the population. Antiviral agents currently applied for the treatment of herpesvirus infections include acyclovir and its derivatives. The inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were determined at 0.016%, 0.0075%, 0.007%, 0.004%, 0.003% and 0.0015% for anise oil, hyssop oil, thyme oil, ginger oil, camomile oil and sandalwood oil, respectively. A clearly dose-dependent virucidal activity against HSV-2 could be demonstrated for all essential oils tested. In order to determine the mode of the inhibitory effect, essential oils were added at different stages during the viral infection cycle. At maximum noncytotoxic concentrations of the essential oils, plaque formation was significantly reduced by more than 90% when HSV-2 was preincubated with hyssop oil, thyme oil or ginger oil. However, no inhibitory effect could be observed when the essential oils were added to the cells prior to infection with HSV-2 or after the adsorption period. These results indicate that essential oils affected HSV-2 mainly before adsorption probably by interacting with the viral envelope. Camomile oil exhibited a high selectivity index and seems to be a promising candidate for topical therapeutic application as virucidal agents for treatment of herpes genitalis.

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Laurus nobilis, Zingiber officinale and Anethum graveolens Essential Oils: Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities against Bacteria Isolated from Fish and Shellfish.

Autores: Mejdi Snuossi, Najla Trabelsi, Sabrine Ben Taleb, Ameni Dehmeni, Guido Flamini, Vincenzo De Feo | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Several bacterial strains were isolated from wild and reared fish and shellfish. The identification of these strains showed the dominance of the Aeromonas hydrophila species in all seafood samples, followed by Staphylococcus spp., Vibrio alginolyticus, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella ornithinolytica, Klebsiella oxytoca and Serratia odorifera. The isolates were studied for their ability to produce exoenzymes and biofilms. The chemical composition of the essential oils from Laurus nobilis leaves, Zingiber officinale rhizomes and Anethum graveolens aerial parts was studied by GC and GC/MS. The essential oils' antioxidant and antibacterial activities against the isolated microorganisms were studied. Low concentrations of the three essential oils were needed to inhibit the growth of the selected bacteria and the lowest MBCs values were obtained for the laurel essential oil. The selected essential oils can be used as a good natural preservative in fish food due to their antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

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Sterile insect technique and Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae): assessing the utility of aromatherapy in a Hawaiian coffee field.

Autores: Todd E Shelly, Donald O McInnis, Charles Rodd, James Edu, Elaine Pahio | Ano: 2007 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The sterile insect technique (SIT) is widely used in integrated programs against tephritid fruit fly pests, particularly the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Unfortunately, the mass-rearing procedures inherent to the SIT often lead to a reduction in the mating ability of the released males. One potential solution involves the prerelease exposure of males to particular attractants. In particular, exposure of male Mediterranean fruit flies to ginger, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, root oil (GRO) has been shown to increase mating success in laboratory and field cage trials. Here, we describe a field experiment that compares the level of egg sterility observed in two Hawaiian coffee, Coffea arabica L., plots, with GRO-exposed, sterile males released in one (treated) plot and nonexposed, sterile males released in the other (control) plot. Once per week in both plots over a 13-wk period, sterile males were released, trap captures were scored to estimate relative abundance of sterile and wild males, and coffee berries were collected and dissected in the laboratory to estimate the incidence of unhatched (sterile) eggs. Data on wild fly abundance and the natural rate of egg hatch also were collected in a remote area that received no sterile males. Despite that sterile:wild male ratios were significantly lower in the treated plot than in the control plot, the incidence of sterile eggs was significantly higher in the treated plot than in the control plot. Correspondingly, significantly higher values of Fried's competitiveness index (C) were found, on average, for treated than control sterile males. This study is the first to identify an association between the GRO "status" of sterile males and the incidence of egg sterility in the field and suggests that prerelease, GRO exposure may represent a simple and inexpensive means to increase the effectiveness of Mediterranean fruit fly SIT programs.

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Revisiting the therapeutic potential of gingerols against different pharmacological activities.

Autores: Samridhi Sharma, Monu Kumar Shukla, Krishan Chander Sharma, Tirath, Lokender Kumar, Jasha Momo H Anal, Santosh Kumar Upadhyay, Sanjib Bhattacharyya, Deepak Kumar | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The rhizomes of ginger have been in use in many forms of traditional and alternative medicines. Besides being employed as condiment and flavoring agent, it is used in the treatment of nausea, osteoarthritis, muscle pain, menstrual pain, chronic indigestion, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. Ginger rhizome contains volatile oils, phenolic compounds and resins, and characterization studies showed that [6]-gingerol, [6]-shogaol, and [6]-paradol are reported to be the pharmacologically active components. Gingerol is a major chemical constituent found as volatile oil in the rhizomes of ginger. It has several medicinal benefits and used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, nausea, cancer, and diabetes. Many studies have been carried out in various parts of the world to isolate and standardize gingerol for their use as a complementary medicine. The present review summarizes wide range of research studies on gingerol and its pharmacological roles in various metabolic diseases.

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Development and Characterization of Chitosan and Porphyran Based Composite Edible Films Containing Ginger Essential Oil.

Autores: Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Saurabh Bhtaia, Mohammed Said Al-Azri, Hafiz A Makeen, Mohammed Albratty, Hassan A Alhazmi, Syam Mohan, Ajay Sharma, Tapan Behl | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Recent research shows the growing interest in the development of composite edible films (EFs) by using multiple biopolymers for the substantial improvement in the shelf life and quality of food products, via preventing oxidation among other benefits. In the present work, EFs based on chitosan (CS) and porphyran (POR) loaded with ginger essential oil (GEO) have been developed to study the effect of GEO, glycerol (Gly), and POR on the film structure as well as physical and antioxidant properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the level of crystallinity and electrostatic interactions between CS, POR, Gly, and GEO. It was found that electrostatic interactions between CS and POR and the incorporation of GEO substantially improved barrier, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties and reduced the moisture content, swelling index, and thickness values. The color values of the S5 film altered apparently with a shift towards yellowness. SEM micrographs of the composite CS-POR-GEO film (S5) showed improved morphological attributes such as more uniformity and homogeneous structure than other films (S1-S4). Results obtained from total phenolic content assay suggested the presence of high phenolic components (5.97 ± 0.01) mg of GAE/g in GEO. Further, findings obtained from antioxidant assays revealed that the addition of GEO and POR significantly increased the antioxidant effects of CS films. All these findings suggested that GEO loaded CS-POR based films showed better physical and chemical properties with a significant improvement in antioxidant potential and thus can be used as a potential packaging material in the food industry.

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Preparation and Characterization of Ginger Essential Oil Microcapsule Composite Films.

Autores: Hua-Hua Wang, Meng-Yao Li, Zhou-Yong Dong, Tie-Hua Zhang, Qing-Yu Yu | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: New food packaging has shown research significance in the face of increasing demand for high-quality foods and growing attention paid to food safety. In this study, ginger essential oil microcapsule composite films were prepared by combining microcapsules prepared by a complex coacervation method with gelatin films, and the mechanical properties and active functions of the composite films were analyzed. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the successful encapsulation of ginger essential oil. The scanning electron microscopy of the composite films showed the microcapsules and gelatin film matrix were highly compatible. During the entire storage period, the antioxidant capacity of the ginger essential oil microcapsule films weakened more slowly than ginger essential oil microcapsules and could be maintained at a relatively high level for a long time. The microcapsule films had excellent inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. Therefore, the direct addition of microcapsules to a film matrix can broaden the application range of microcapsules and increase the duration of the release of active ingredients. Ginger essential oil microcapsule films are potential biodegradable food packaging films with long-lasting activity.

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Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Essential Oil and its Component from Zingiber officinale Roscoe.

Autores: Yongkyu Lee | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Zingiber officinale Roscoe has been widely used as a folk medicine to treat various diseases, including cancer. This study aims to re-examine the therapeutic potential of co-administration of natural products and cancer chemotherapeutics. Candidate material for this project, α-zingiberene, was extracted from Zingiber officinale Roscoe, and α-zingiberene makes up 35.02 ± 0.30% of its total essential oil. α-Zingiberene showed low IC50 values, 60.6 ± 3.6, 46.2 ± 0.6, 172.0 ± 6.6, 80.3 ± 6.6 (μg/mL) in HeLa, SiHa, MCF-7 and HL-60 cells each. These values are a little bit higher than IC50 values of general essential oil in those cells. The treatment of α-zingiberene produced nucleosomal DNA fragmentation in SiHa cells, and the percentage of sub-diploid cells increased in a concentration-dependent manner in SiHa cells, hallmark features of apoptosis. Mitochondrial cytochrome c activation and an in vitro caspase-3 activity assay demonstrated that the activation of caspases accompanies the apoptotic effect of α-zingiberene, which mediates cell death. These results suggest that the apoptotic effect of α-zingiberene on SiHa cells may converge caspase-3 activation through the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into cytoplasm. It is considered that anti-proliferative effect of α-zingiberene is a result of apoptotic effects, and α-zingiberene is worth furthermore study to develop it as cancer chemotherapeutics.

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Essential oil composition of two unique ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) cultivars from Sikkim.

Autores: Indu Sasidharan, V V Venugopal, A Nirmala Menon | Ano: 2012 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Volatile oils from two most popular cultivars from Sikkim namely, Bhaisa and Majulay, were isolated, characterised by analytical GC and GC-MS. Sixty constituents accounting for 94.9% and 92.6% of the Bhaisa and Majulay oils were identified. The major compounds of Bhaisa oil were geranyl acetate (18.8%), zingiberene (16.3%) and geranial (8.2%) and those of Majulay oil were zingiberene (19.8%) and geranial (16.5%). Compared to other ginger cultivar oils, the Bhaisa oil had higher content of oxygenated compounds (43.1%). This is the first report on the essential oils from Sikkim ginger cultivars.

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Research Progress on Chemical Constituents of Zingiber officinale Roscoe.

Autores: Yan Liu, Jincheng Liu, Yongqing Zhang | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Zingiber officinale Roscoe is commonly used in food and pharmaceutical products but can also be used in cosmetics and daily necessities. In recent years, many scholars have studied the chemical composition of Zingiber officinale Roscoe; therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively summarize the chemical composition of Zingiber officinale Roscoe in one article. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the chemical constituents of Zingiber officinale Roscoe. The results show that Zingiber officinale Roscoe contains 194 types of volatile oils, 85 types of gingerol, and 28 types of diarylheptanoid compounds, which can lay a foundation for further applications of Zingiber officinale Roscoe.

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Essential oil composition of two unique ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) cultivars from Sikkim.

Autores: Indu Sasidharan, V V Venugopal, A Nirmala Menon | Ano: 2012 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Volatile oils from two most popular cultivars from Sikkim namely, Bhaisa and Majulay, were isolated, characterised by analytical GC and GC-MS. Sixty constituents accounting for 94.9% and 92.6% of the Bhaisa and Majulay oils were identified. The major compounds of Bhaisa oil were geranyl acetate (18.8%), zingiberene (16.3%) and geranial (8.2%) and those of Majulay oil were zingiberene (19.8%) and geranial (16.5%). Compared to other ginger cultivar oils, the Bhaisa oil had higher content of oxygenated compounds (43.1%). This is the first report on the essential oils from Sikkim ginger cultivars.

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Combined Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses of Young, Mature, and Old Rhizome Tissues of Zingiber officinale Roscoe.

Autores: Huanfang Liu, Honghua Yang, Tong Zhao, Canjia Lin, Yongqing Li, Xinhua Zhang, Yushi Ye, Jingping Liao | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is known for its unique pungent taste and useability in traditional Chinese medicine. The main compounds in ginger rhizome can be classified as gingerols, diarylheptanoids, and volatile oils. The composition and concentrations of the bioactive compounds in ginger rhizome might vary according to the age of the rhizome. In this regard, the knowledge on the transcriptomic signatures and accumulation of metabolites in young (Y), mature (M), and old (O) ginger rhizomes is scarce. This study used HiSeq Illumina Sequencing and UPLC-MS/MS analyses to delineate how the expression of key genes changes in Y, M, and O ginger rhizome tissues and how it affects the accumulation of metabolites in key pathways. The transcriptome sequencing identified 238,157 genes of which 13,976, 11,243, and 24,498 were differentially expressed (DEGs) in Y vs. M, M vs. O, and Y vs. O, respectively. These DEGs were significantly enriched in stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, and gingerol biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and α-linoleic acid metabolism pathways. The metabolome profiling identified 661 metabolites of which 311, 386, and 296 metabolites were differentially accumulated in Y vs. M, Y vs. O, and M vs. O, respectively. These metabolites were also enriched in the pathways mentioned above. The DEGs and DAMs enrichment showed that the gingerol content is higher in Y rhizome, whereas the Y, M, and O tissues differ in linoleic and α-linoleic acid accumulation. Similarly, the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway is variably regulated in Y, M, and O rhizome tissues. Our results showed that ginger rhizome growth slows down (Y > M > O) probably due to changes in phytohormone signaling. Young ginger rhizome is the most transcriptionally and metabolically active tissue as compared to M and O. The transitioning from Y to M and O affects the gingerol, sugars, linoleic acid, and α-linoleic acid concentrations and related gene expressions.

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Effect of Zingiber officinale Roscoe essential oil in fungus control and deoxynivalenol production of Fusarium graminearum Schwabe in vitro.

Autores: Francine Maery Dias Ferreira, Elisa Yoko Hirooka, Flavio Dias Ferreira, Milena Veronezi Silva, Simone Aparecida Galerani Mossini, Miguel Machinski | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Members of the Fusarium genus are capable of contaminating agricultural commodities, compromising the quality of maize and other grains, which leads to severe quality and yield losses. Contamination with mycotoxins is also a concern. Essential oils are possible alternatives to the use of synthetic pesticides for control of fungal contamination, as many have antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic properties and are innocuous to human health. They also do not cause any sort of microbial resistance and do not promote environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic effects of Zingiber officinale Roscoe essential oil (GEO) upon Fusarium graminearum Schwabe in vitro. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC/MS. Antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic activities were assessed by HPLC/UV by quantifying ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON), respectively. Results indicated that GEO inhibited ergosterol production at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL and DON production at a concentration of 500 µg/mL, evidencing that the anti-mycotoxigenic effect is independent of the antifungal effect due to its probable direct action upon toxin biosynthesis.

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In vitro effect of seven essential oils on the reproduction of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus.

Autores: Rafael Pazinato, Andréia Volpato, Matheus D Baldissera, Roberto C V Santos, Dilmar Baretta, Rodrigo A Vaucher, Janice L Giongo, Aline A Boligon, Lenita Moura Stefani, Aleksandro Schafer Da Silva | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The acaricidal effect of seven essential oils was examined in vitro against the cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus). Engorged female ticks were manually collected in farms of Southern Brazil and placed into petri dishes (n = 10) in order to test the following oils: juniper (Juniperus communis), palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii), cedar (Cedrus atlantica), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), ginger (Zingiber officinale), geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) and bergamot (Citrus aurantium var bergamia) at concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10% each. A control group was used to validate the tests containing Triton X-100 only. Treatment effectiveness was measured considering inhibition of tick oviposition (partial or total), egg's weight, and hatchability. C. martinii, C. citratus and C. atlantica essential oils showed efficacy higher than 99% at all concentrations tested. In addition, J. communis, Z. officinale, P. graveolens, and C. aurantium var bergamia oils showed efficiency ranging from 73% to 95%, depending on the concentration tested, where higher concentrations showed greater efficacy. It was concluded that essential oils can affect tick reproduction in vitro by inhibiting oviposition and hatchability.

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Diosmin/essential oil combination for dermal photo-protection using a lipoid colloidal carrier.

Autores: Rabab Kamel, Haidy Abbas, Ahmed Fayez | Ano: 2017 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Solar irradiation induces skin inflammatory processes causing deleterious effects like premature ageing. In this study, the designed lipoid colloidal carrier (LCC) was loaded with Diosmin in combination with different essential oils, to be used as a topical photo-protective preparation. To investigate the ability of the essential oils to potentiate Diosmin effects, the Diosmin/essential oil-loaded LCCs (LCC2, LCC3 and LCC4) were compared to the Diosmin-loaded LCC (LCC1). The incorporated essential oils were those of Rosmarinus officinalis, Zingiber officinale or Vitis vinifera in LCC2, LCC3 and LCC4, respectively. All the LCCs had particle size (PS) values ranging from 121.1 to 144.3nm with uniform distribution and, zeta potential (Z) values around 30mV. Also, they all had high drug encapsulation efficiencies. LCC1 had the lowest anti-oxidant and in-vitro sun-blocking effect (p<0.05). In-vivo photo-protective studies showed that all the formulated LCCs had a skin protective effect when compared to the positive control (p<0.05); however LCC1 had the lowest anti-erythemal and anti-wrinkling effect. Histological studies proved the efficacy of the designed LCCs as skin anti-photoageing, with LCC1 showing the lowest anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkling effect, while LCC2 had the highest anti-wrinkling effect. These results indicated that the suggested Diosmin/essential oil combinations improved the anti-oxidant, sun-blocking and anti-photoageing effects of Diosmin. After one year of storage, the LCCs showed satisfactory physical stability. This study presents the designed LCCs as safe and effective nano-structured dermal care products containing 'all-natural' components.

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Essential oils of Zingiber officinale: Chemical composition, in vivo alleviation effects on TPA induced ear swelling in mice and in vitro bioactivities.

Autores: Silu Zhang, Lijun Zhang, Mengjie Yu, Donghui Luo, Shuai Chen, Weifeng Liu, Yehui Zhang, Lanyue Zhang, Tiantian Zhao | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Zingiber officinale (ZO) is a traditional food condiment. The essential oils of Z. officinale (ZOEOs) are known to have multiple bioactivities. In this study, gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analytical method was used to identify active ingredient present in ZOEOs. A total of 41 compounds were identified in ZOEOs. Major components in ZOEOs were zingiberene (19.71%), (+)-β-cedrene (12.85%), farnesene (12.17%), α-curcumene (10.18%) and β-elemene (3.54%). Experimental results of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA) induced ear swelling validation mice model showed that ZOEOs treatment has better anti-inflammatory effect compared with ibuprofen (positive control) at high concentrations. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis showed that ZOEOs significantly decreased COX-2, IL-6 and NF-κB expression in a dose dependent manner. The mRNA levels of COX-2 and NF-κB were also down regulated by the application of ZOEOs. This indicated that ZOEOs exhibited positive effects in ear skin protection. Antibacterial experimental results showed that EOZOs had anti-bacterial effects on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. DPPH radical scavenging, A549 cell line and LNCaP cell line inhibition results indicated that ZOEOs exhibited potential antioxidant and anti-tumor properties. The findings of these study provide scientific basis on therapeutic use of ZO in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

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Preparation and Characterization of Bio-Nanocomposites Film of Chitosan and Montmorillonite Incorporated with Ginger Essential Oil and Its Application in Chilled Beef Preservation.

Autores: Yin-Ping Zhang, Xin Wang, Yi Shen, Kiran Thakur, Jian-Guo Zhang, Fei Hu, Zhao-Jun Wei | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In this study, bio-nanocomposite films containing different proportions of ginger essential oil (GEO), chitosan (Ch), and montmorillonite (MMT) were prepared and characterized, and the antibacterial effect of bio-nanocomposite films on chilled beef was evaluated. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed a series of intense interactions among the components of the bio-nanocomposite films. The infiltration of GEO increased the thickness of the film, reduced the tensile strength of the film, and increased the percentage of breaking elongation and the water vapor permeability. The migration of phenols in the films began to increase exponentially and reached equilibrium at about 48 h. The bio-nanocomposite films (Ch +0.5% GEO group, and Ch + MMT + 0.5% GEO group) effectively delayed the rise of pH, hue angle, and moisture values of chilled beef with time and slowed down the lipid oxidation and the growth of surface microorganisms on chilled beef. Altogether, the prepared biological nanocomposites can be used as promising materials to replace commercial and non-degradable plastic films.

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Efecto antimicrobiano del extracto, aceite esencial de jengibre (zingiber officinale) sobre cepas de enterococcus faecalis: Estudio in vitro/ Efeito anti-microbiano do extrato e óleo essencial de gengibre (zingiber officinale) em cepas de Enterococcus faecalis: estudo in vitro/ Antimicrobial effect of extract, ginger essential oil (zingiber officinale) on strains of enterococcus faecalis: In vitro study

Autores: Guanoluisa Jami, Sandy Alexandra; Hidalgo Araujo, Paola Daniela | Ano: 2017 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Objetivo: Determinar el efecto antimicrobiano del extracto, aceite esencial de jengibre (zingiber officinale) sobre cepas de Enterococcus faecalis: Estudio in vitro. Materiales y métodos: El presente estudio experimental evaluó la acción antimicrobiana de E. faecalis (ATCC® 29212). Se utilizó tres grupos de 14 muestras cada una en cajas Petri; siendo A1: Extracto hidroalcohólico y aceite esencial al 4%, A2: extracto hidroalcohólico y aceite esencial al 5.25% y A3: Extracto hidroalcohólico y aceite esencial al 15%. Cada uno de los grupos tuvo un control positivo el hipoclorito de sodio al 5.25%. Se aplicó el test estadístico de Kruskal-Wallis con un nivel de significancia de 5%. Resultados: El extracto hidroalcohólico y aceite esencial al 4% produjeron una media de 1,46 mm y 0,50 mm de halo de inhibición. El extracto hidroalcohólico y aceite esencial al 5.25% mostraron una media de 9,54 mm y 6,00 mm respectivamente. Mientras que el extracto hidro-alcohólico y aceite esencial al 15% presentaron una media 20,36 mm y 14,36 mm, versus el Hipoclorito de sodio que dio una media de 21.43 mm. El extracto hidroalcohólico al 4% y 5,25% y aceite esencial en emulsión al 4%, 5,25% y 15% presentó diferencia con el hipoclorito de sodio (P≤0.05). No existió diferencia entre el extracto hidroalcohólico al 15% y el hipoclorito (P=0,22). Conclusiones: El extracto hidroalcohólico al 15% presenta un efecto antimicrobiano sobre el E. faecalis similar al hipoclorito de sodio al 5,25%.

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Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Essential Oil and its Component from Zingiber officinale Roscoe.

Autores: Yongkyu Lee | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Zingiber officinale Roscoe has been widely used as a folk medicine to treat various diseases, including cancer. This study aims to re-examine the therapeutic potential of co-administration of natural products and cancer chemotherapeutics. Candidate material for this project, α-zingiberene, was extracted from Zingiber officinale Roscoe, and α-zingiberene makes up 35.02 ± 0.30% of its total essential oil. α-Zingiberene showed low IC50 values, 60.6 ± 3.6, 46.2 ± 0.6, 172.0 ± 6.6, 80.3 ± 6.6 (μg/mL) in HeLa, SiHa, MCF-7 and HL-60 cells each. These values are a little bit higher than IC50 values of general essential oil in those cells. The treatment of α-zingiberene produced nucleosomal DNA fragmentation in SiHa cells, and the percentage of sub-diploid cells increased in a concentration-dependent manner in SiHa cells, hallmark features of apoptosis. Mitochondrial cytochrome c activation and an in vitro caspase-3 activity assay demonstrated that the activation of caspases accompanies the apoptotic effect of α-zingiberene, which mediates cell death. These results suggest that the apoptotic effect of α-zingiberene on SiHa cells may converge caspase-3 activation through the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into cytoplasm. It is considered that anti-proliferative effect of α-zingiberene is a result of apoptotic effects, and α-zingiberene is worth furthermore study to develop it as cancer chemotherapeutics.

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Diosmin/essential oil combination for dermal photo-protection using a lipoid colloidal carrier.

Autores: Rabab Kamel, Haidy Abbas, Ahmed Fayez | Ano: 2017 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Solar irradiation induces skin inflammatory processes causing deleterious effects like premature ageing. In this study, the designed lipoid colloidal carrier (LCC) was loaded with Diosmin in combination with different essential oils, to be used as a topical photo-protective preparation. To investigate the ability of the essential oils to potentiate Diosmin effects, the Diosmin/essential oil-loaded LCCs (LCC2, LCC3 and LCC4) were compared to the Diosmin-loaded LCC (LCC1). The incorporated essential oils were those of Rosmarinus officinalis, Zingiber officinale or Vitis vinifera in LCC2, LCC3 and LCC4, respectively. All the LCCs had particle size (PS) values ranging from 121.1 to 144.3nm with uniform distribution and, zeta potential (Z) values around 30mV. Also, they all had high drug encapsulation efficiencies. LCC1 had the lowest anti-oxidant and in-vitro sun-blocking effect (p<0.05). In-vivo photo-protective studies showed that all the formulated LCCs had a skin protective effect when compared to the positive control (p<0.05); however LCC1 had the lowest anti-erythemal and anti-wrinkling effect. Histological studies proved the efficacy of the designed LCCs as skin anti-photoageing, with LCC1 showing the lowest anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkling effect, while LCC2 had the highest anti-wrinkling effect. These results indicated that the suggested Diosmin/essential oil combinations improved the anti-oxidant, sun-blocking and anti-photoageing effects of Diosmin. After one year of storage, the LCCs showed satisfactory physical stability. This study presents the designed LCCs as safe and effective nano-structured dermal care products containing 'all-natural' components.

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Evaluation of five essential oils from aromatic plants of Cameroon for controlling food spoilage and mycotoxin producing fungi.

Autores: J Nguefack, V Leth, P H Amvam Zollo, S B Mathur | Ano: 2004 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Five essential oils (EO) extracted from Cymbopogon citratus, Monodora myristica, Ocimum gratissimum, Thymus vulgaris and Zingiber officinale were investigated for their inhibitory effect against three food spoilage and mycotoxin producing fungi, Fusarium moniliforme, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus. Five strains of each fungus were tested. The agar dilution technique was used to determine the inhibitory effect of each EO on the radial growth of the fungus, and a dose response was recorded. The EO from O. gratissimum, T. vulgaris and C. citratus were the most effective and prevented conidial germination and the growth of all three fungi on corn meal agar at 800, 1000 and 1200 ppm, respectively. Moderate activity was observed for the EO from Z. officinale between 800 and 2500 ppm, while the EO from M. myristica was less inhibitory. These effects against food spoilage and mycotoxin producing fungi indicated the possible ability of each essential oil as a food preservative. A comparative test on the preservative ability of the EO from O. gratissimum and potassium sorbate against A. flavus at pH 3.0 and 4.5 showed that the EO remained stable at both pH, whereas the efficacy of potassium sorbate was reduced at higher pH. We concluded that the EO from O. gratissimum is a potential food preservative with a pH dependent superiority against potassium sorbate, and these are novel scientific information.

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Inhibitory effect of essential oils against herpes simplex virus type 2.

Autores: C Koch, J Reichling, J Schneele, P Schnitzler | Ano: 2008 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils from anise, hyssop, thyme, ginger, camomile and sandalwood were screened for their inhibitory effect against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in vitro on RC-37 cells using a plaque reduction assay. Genital herpes is a chronic, persistent infection spreading efficiently and silently as sexually transmitted disease through the population. Antiviral agents currently applied for the treatment of herpesvirus infections include acyclovir and its derivatives. The inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were determined at 0.016%, 0.0075%, 0.007%, 0.004%, 0.003% and 0.0015% for anise oil, hyssop oil, thyme oil, ginger oil, camomile oil and sandalwood oil, respectively. A clearly dose-dependent virucidal activity against HSV-2 could be demonstrated for all essential oils tested. In order to determine the mode of the inhibitory effect, essential oils were added at different stages during the viral infection cycle. At maximum noncytotoxic concentrations of the essential oils, plaque formation was significantly reduced by more than 90% when HSV-2 was preincubated with hyssop oil, thyme oil or ginger oil. However, no inhibitory effect could be observed when the essential oils were added to the cells prior to infection with HSV-2 or after the adsorption period. These results indicate that essential oils affected HSV-2 mainly before adsorption probably by interacting with the viral envelope. Camomile oil exhibited a high selectivity index and seems to be a promising candidate for topical therapeutic application as virucidal agents for treatment of herpes genitalis.

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Nephroprotective Effect of Essential Oils from Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Rhizomes against Cadmium-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats.

Autores: Ayodele Jacob Akinyemi, Oluwabamise Lekan Faboya, Awonegan Ayodeji Paul, Israel Olayide, Opeyemi Ayodeji Faboya, Titus Ademola Oluwasola | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Several studies have shown that cadmium (Cd) induces nephrotoxicity and many plant foods phytochemicals have been found useful but their possible mechanism of action still remains unexplored. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the nephroprotective effect of essential oils from Nigeria ginger and turmeric rhizomes in cadmium-treated rats by examining their effect on renal function biomarkers (creatinine, urea and BUN), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-Alpha) and renal adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity. The result revealed that essential oils from ginger and turmeric rhizomes exert anti-inflammatory effect by preventing alterations of renal function markers and cytokines (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-Alpha) levels in Cd-treated rats. In addition, the essential oils inhibited renal ADA activity in Cdtreated rats. In conclusion, inhibition of ADA activity and modulation of inflammatory cytokines could be suggested as the possible mechanism of action by which essential oils from ginger and turmeric rhizomes exert their nephroprotective activities.

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Efficacy of 11 Brazilian essential oils on lethality of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.

Autores: Ana Carolina de Souza Chagas, Márcia Cristina de Sena Oliveira, Rodrigo Giglioti, Raul Costa Mascarenhas Santana, Humberto Ribeiro Bizzo, Paola Ervatti Gama, Francisco Celio Maia Chaves | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Herbal extracts have been investigated as an alternative for parasite control, aiming to slow the development of resistance and to obtain low-cost biodegradable parasiticides. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, in vitro, of 11 essential oils from Brazil on reproductive efficiency and lethality of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The effects of oils extracted from Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Lippia alba, Lippia gracilis, Lippia origanoides, Lippia sidoides, Mentha arvensis, Mentha piperita, Croton cajucara (white and red), and Croton sacaquinha on ticks were investigated by the Immersion Test with Engorged Females (ITEF) and the modified Larval Packet Test (LPT). Distilled water and 2% Tween 80 were used as control treatments. Chemical analysis of the oils was done with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Analysis of the in vitro tests using Probit (SAS program) allowed the calculation of lethal concentrations (LCs). Lower reproductive efficiency indexes and higher efficacy percentages in the ITEF were obtained with the oils extracted from C. longa (24 and 71%, respectively) and M. arvensis oils (27 and 73%, respectively). Lower LC50 was reached with C. longa (10.24 mg/mL), L. alba (10.78 mg/mL), M. arvensis (22.31 mg/mL), L. sidoides (27.67 mg/mL), and C. sacaquinha (29.88 mg/mL) oils. In the LPT, species from Zingiberaceae and Verbenaceae families caused 100% lethality at 25 mg/mL, except for L. sidoides. The most effective oils were from C. longa, L. gracilis, L. origanoides, L. alba, and Z. officinale. The LC50 and LC90 were, respectively: 0.54 and 1.80 mg/mL, 3.21 and 7.03 mg/mL, 3.10 and 8.44 mg/mL, 5.85 and 11.14 mg/mL, and 7.75 and 13.62 mg/mL. The efficacy was directly related to the major components in each essential oil, and the oils derived from Croton genus presented the worst performance, suggesting the absence of synergistic effect among its compounds. Since C. longa, containing 62% turmerone, was the one most efficient against ticks, this compound may be potentially used for tick control, but further research is needed, especially to assess toxicity of these compounds to the host. These new studies, together with the results presented here, may provide a strong rationale for designing pre-clinical and clinical studies with these agents.

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Effects of black seed (Nigella sativa), ginger (Zingiber officinale) and cone flower (Echinacea angustifolia) on the immune system of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss/ Efeitos de semente preta (Nigella sativa), gengibre (Zingiber officinale) e Flor-de-cone (Echinacea angustifolia) no sistema imunológico de truta arco-íris, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Autores: Fadeifard, F; Raissy, M; Jafarian, M; Boroujeni, H. Rouhi; Rahimi, M; Faghani, M | Ano: 2018 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary essential oils of ginger (Zingiber officinale), black seed (Nigella sativa) and cone flower (Echinacea angustifolia) on the immune system of cultured rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. A total of 360 fish were divided into 4 groups and 3 replicates each containing 30 fish. The fish were fed for 21 days with 1% of the herbal essential oils and with unsupplemented diet as the control group. Haematological and immune parameters including serum lysozyme, number of phagocytic bacteria, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, number of RBC and WBC were studied. Treatments recorded enhancement in immune parameters compared to the control group. Significantly higher serum lysozyme level and phagocytic germs were detected in the groups fed black seed, ginger and cone flower (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found in RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC of fish fed the diets containing essential oils and the control group (P>0.05). The results of this study demonstrated that essential oils might strengthen the non-specific immunity of rainbow trout.(AU)

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Rapid analysis of the essential oils from dried Illicium verum Hook. f. and Zingiber officinale Rosc. by improved solvent-free microwave extraction with three types of microwave-absorption medium.

Autores: Ziming Wang, Lu Wang, Tiechun Li, Xin Zhou, Lan Ding, Yong Yu, Aimin Yu, Hanqi Zhang | Ano: 2006 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: A new method of extracting essential oils from dried plant materials has been studied. By adding a microwave-absorption medium (MAM) to a reactor, solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) was improved and can be used to extract essential oils from dried plant material without pretreatment. With a microwave irradiation power of 85 W it took only approximately 30 min to extract the essential oils completely. The whole extraction process is simple, rapid, and economical. Three types of MAM, iron carbonyl powder (ICP), graphite powder (GP), and activated carbon powder (ACP), and two types of dried plant material, Illicium verum Hook. f. and Zingiber officinale Rosc., were studied. The results were compared with those obtained by use of conventional SFME, microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD), and conventional hydrodistillation (HD), and the conclusion drawn was that improved SFME was a feasible means of extracting essential oils from dried plant materials, because there were few differences between the composition of the essential oils extracted by improved SFME and by the other methods.

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Comparison of Different Extraction Techniques of Zingiber officinale Essential Oil

Autores: Souza Junior, Edgar Teixeira de; Siqueira, Leandro Martins; Almeida, Rafael Nolibos; Lucas, Aline Machado; Silva, Caroline Garcia Finkler da; Cassel, Eduardo; Vargas, Rubem Mário Figueiró | Ano: 2020 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Abstract This study aims to find the best conditions for the extraction of Zingiber officinale essential oil using the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), steam distillation (SD) and hydrodistillation (HD) techniques, regarding the maximum oil yield. For the HD technique is evaluated the best ratio between plant mass and water volume and for SFE and SD the pressure condition was investigated. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the similarity between the composition of the essential oil in different pressures and extraction methods. The experimental extraction curve was plotted and three different mathematical models were used to fit the data for SD and SFE methods, obtaining the relevant mass transfer parameters. The essential oil compounds were identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), being α-zingiberene the main component with different contents (from 11.9 to 28.9%). The best condition for the SFE was 100 bar, 40 °C (0.0508 goil/gplant) with 19.34% of α-zingiberene; for the SD, 3 bar (133 °C) (0.00616 goil/gplant) with 28.9% of α-zingiberene; and HD, the volume of 750 mL (0.006988 goil/gplant) with 15.70% of α-zingiberene, all measured on a dry basis.

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Extraction of essential oil from Zingiber officinale and statistical optimization of process parameters.

Autores: Haidar Hasan Mohammed, Waham Ashaier Laftah, Akos Noel Ibrahim, Mohd Azizi Che Yunus | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of process extraction variables (extraction time, volume of solvent, weight of sample) on the production of essential oil from ginger rhizome using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was employed to obtain the essential oil concentration in percentage (%) area. The RSM indicated that the weight of the sample had a major linear effect on the oil recovery while the extraction time had a major quadratic effect on the essential oil concentration in % area. The highest oil recovery and essential oil concentration in % area were 15.2% and 22.64%, respectively. The best operation conditions for the oil recovery were 4 hours of extraction time, 750 mL volume of methanol and 30 g weight of sample. The best operation conditions for the essential oil concentration in % area were 5 hours of extraction time, 500 mL volume of methanol and 30 g weight of sample.

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Characterization and Phytotoxicity Assessment of Essential Oils from Plant Byproducts.

Autores: Antonella Smeriglio, Domenico Trombetta, Laura Cornara, Marco Valussi, Vincenzo De Feo, Lucia Caputo | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The present work describes the chemical characterization and the phytotoxicity assessment of essential oils (EOs) obtained from spent materials or pruning waste of four plant species: Zingiber officinale Roscoe used in the juicing industry, Pistacia vera L. var. Bronte used in the food industry, discarded material of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L. var. Futura 75), and pruning waste from Cupressus sempervirens L. The phytochemical profile of the EOs was evaluated by gas chromatographic flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and GC-MS analyses, which highlighted the presence of several compounds with a wide range of biological activities. Among them, application possibilities in agriculture were evaluated by studying the phytotoxic activity in vitro against germination and initial radical growth of several seeds such as Raphanus sativus L., Lepidium sativum L., Lactuca sativa L., Solanum lycopersicum L., Lolium multiflorum Lam., and Portulaca oleracea L.

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Fungicidal properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oils against Phytophthora colocasiae.

Autores: Muhammad Talib Kalhoro, Hong Zhang, Ghulam Mujtaba Kalhoro, Fukai Wang, Tianhong Chen, Yahya Faqir, Farhan Nabi | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Recently, plant essential oils (EOs) have attracted special attention in plant disease control and food preservation. Since ancient times, essential oils extracted from plants have exhibited many biological characteristics, especially antimicrobial properties. Recent studies have described the potentials of EOs and derivatives to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, mainly in response of overwhelming concerns of consumers about food safety. In the context of returning to nature, with the advancement of science and technology and improved living standards, people have begun to seek solutions for food hygiene without chemical additives. Therefore, biological pesticides and plant-oriented chemicals have received special attention from scientists because they are environmentally friendly and nonhazardous, sustainable, and effective alternatives against many noxious phytopathogens. Present study is intended to appraise the fungicidal properties of ginger EOs to combat leaf blight disease of taro, which threatens global taro production. Farmers often hinge on extremely toxic synthetic fungicides to manage diseases, but the residual effects and resistance of chemicals are unavoidable. The microwave-assisted hydrodistillation method was used for ginger EOs extraction and an FTIR (ATR) spectrometer was used to evaluate their chemical composition and citral was identified as most abundant compound (89.05%) in oil. The pathogen isolated from lesions of diseased taro plants was identified as Phytophthora colocasiae and used as test fungus in the present study. Ginger EO was evaluated in-vitro for antifungal properties against mycelium growth, sporangium production, zoospore germination, leaf, and corm necrosis inhibition. Repeated experiments have shown that the concentration of ginger essential oil (1250 ppm) proved to be the lowest dose to obtain 100% inhibition of fungal growth and spore germination, sporangia formation and leaf necrosis assessment. These results are derived from this fungal species and a hypothesis that involves further research on other plant pathogens to demonstrate the overall potency of essential oils. This study references the easy, economic, and environmental management and control of plant diseases using essential oils and byproducts.

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Fungicidal properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oils against Phytophthora colocasiae.

Autores: Muhammad Talib Kalhoro, Hong Zhang, Ghulam Mujtaba Kalhoro, Fukai Wang, Tianhong Chen, Yahya Faqir, Farhan Nabi | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Recently, plant essential oils (EOs) have attracted special attention in plant disease control and food preservation. Since ancient times, essential oils extracted from plants have exhibited many biological characteristics, especially antimicrobial properties. Recent studies have described the potentials of EOs and derivatives to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, mainly in response of overwhelming concerns of consumers about food safety. In the context of returning to nature, with the advancement of science and technology and improved living standards, people have begun to seek solutions for food hygiene without chemical additives. Therefore, biological pesticides and plant-oriented chemicals have received special attention from scientists because they are environmentally friendly and nonhazardous, sustainable, and effective alternatives against many noxious phytopathogens. Present study is intended to appraise the fungicidal properties of ginger EOs to combat leaf blight disease of taro, which threatens global taro production. Farmers often hinge on extremely toxic synthetic fungicides to manage diseases, but the residual effects and resistance of chemicals are unavoidable. The microwave-assisted hydrodistillation method was used for ginger EOs extraction and an FTIR (ATR) spectrometer was used to evaluate their chemical composition and citral was identified as most abundant compound (89.05%) in oil. The pathogen isolated from lesions of diseased taro plants was identified as Phytophthora colocasiae and used as test fungus in the present study. Ginger EO was evaluated in-vitro for antifungal properties against mycelium growth, sporangium production, zoospore germination, leaf, and corm necrosis inhibition. Repeated experiments have shown that the concentration of ginger essential oil (1250 ppm) proved to be the lowest dose to obtain 100% inhibition of fungal growth and spore germination, sporangia formation and leaf necrosis assessment. These results are derived from this fungal species and a hypothesis that involves further research on other plant pathogens to demonstrate the overall potency of essential oils. This study references the easy, economic, and environmental management and control of plant diseases using essential oils and byproducts.

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Phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on diethylnitrosamine toxicity in rats.

Autores: Abdelgawad Fahmi, Naglaa Hassanen, Mariam Abdur-Rahman, Engy Shams-Eldin | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Context: Chronic liver damage has serious medical consequences. Objective: To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of dry Zingiber officinale (ginger) and its essential (volatile) oil against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) toxicity in rats. Materials and methods: Phenols and flavonoids components were characterized in dry ginger using HPLC-UV instrument while ginger essential oil (E.O.) was investigated via GC-MS technique. Antioxidant activity was determined in vitro. In rat model, ginger was administrated for 2 months. Lipid profile, antioxidant biomarkers, liver functions and histopathology were assessed. Results: Chlorogenic acid (63.85 ppm) and hesperidin (156.91 ppm) are among the major phenolic and flavonoid constituents in dry ginger. Curcumene (15.21%) and linalool (13.47%) represent the main E.O. constituents. In rats treated with ginger E.O., a significant elevation in serum HDL (31.14%) was accompanied by a decrease in LDL (55.14%). A significant decrease in serum ALT and ALP was reported (56.85% and 53.84%, respectively). Serum GSH-Px activity has significantly increased 75.06%. Meanwhile, E.O. showed anticancer potential against HepG2 cell line (IC50 = 40 µg/mL). Liver histopathological examinations confirmed the protective effect against abnormalities. Conclusion: Ginger was able to reduce the severity of DEN-cytotoxicity in rats, which suggests a novel antioxidant role originating from this medicinal plant.

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Phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on diethylnitrosamine toxicity in rats.

Autores: Abdelgawad Fahmi, Naglaa Hassanen, Mariam Abdur-Rahman, Engy Shams-Eldin | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Context: Chronic liver damage has serious medical consequences. Objective: To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of dry Zingiber officinale (ginger) and its essential (volatile) oil against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) toxicity in rats. Materials and methods: Phenols and flavonoids components were characterized in dry ginger using HPLC-UV instrument while ginger essential oil (E.O.) was investigated via GC-MS technique. Antioxidant activity was determined in vitro. In rat model, ginger was administrated for 2 months. Lipid profile, antioxidant biomarkers, liver functions and histopathology were assessed. Results: Chlorogenic acid (63.85 ppm) and hesperidin (156.91 ppm) are among the major phenolic and flavonoid constituents in dry ginger. Curcumene (15.21%) and linalool (13.47%) represent the main E.O. constituents. In rats treated with ginger E.O., a significant elevation in serum HDL (31.14%) was accompanied by a decrease in LDL (55.14%). A significant decrease in serum ALT and ALP was reported (56.85% and 53.84%, respectively). Serum GSH-Px activity has significantly increased 75.06%. Meanwhile, E.O. showed anticancer potential against HepG2 cell line (IC50 = 40 µg/mL). Liver histopathological examinations confirmed the protective effect against abnormalities. Conclusion: Ginger was able to reduce the severity of DEN-cytotoxicity in rats, which suggests a novel antioxidant role originating from this medicinal plant.

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Ginger Essential Oil Ameliorates Hepatic Injury and Lipid Accumulation in High Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Autores: Yi-Syuan Lai, Wan-Ching Lee, Yu-En Lin, Chi-Tang Ho, Kuan-Hung Lu, Shih-Hang Lin, Suraphan Panyod, Yung-Lin Chu, Lee-Yan Sheen | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The objective of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective efficacy and mechanism of action of ginger essential oil (GEO) against the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mice were maintained on either a control diet or high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with GEO (12.5, 62.5, and 125 mg/kg) or citral (2.5 and 25 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. We demonstrated that GEO and its major component (citral) lowered HFD-induced obesity in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied by anti-hyperlipidemic effects by reducing serum free fatty acid, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels. Moreover, liver histological results showed that administration of 62.5 and 125 mg/kg GEO and 25 mg/kg citral significantly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation. Further assessment by Western blotting and investigation of the lipid metabolism revealed that hepatic protein expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) were down-regulated by GEO and citral, indicating that GEO and citral suppressed HFD-stimulated lipid biosynthesis and oxidative stress. Furthermore, GEO and citral effectively enhanced the antioxidant capacities and reduced inflammatory response in mouse liver, which exerted protective effects against steatohepatitis. Collectively, GEO and citral exhibited potent hepatoprotective effects against NAFLD induced by HFD in obese mice. Thus, GEO might be an effective dietary supplement to ameliorate NAFLD-related metabolic diseases, and citral could play a vital role in its management.

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Ginger and Turmeric Essential Oils for Weed Control and Food Crop Protection.

Autores: María Dolores Ibáñez, María Amparo Blázquez | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Ginger and turmeric are two food ingredients that are in high demand due to their flavor and positive effects on health. The biological properties of these spices are closely related to the aromatic compounds they contain. The chemical compositions of their essential oils and their in vitro phytotoxic activity against weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, Echinochloa crus-galli, Cortaderia selloana, and Nicotiana glauca) and food crops (tomato, cucumber, and rice) were studied. Forty-one compounds, accounting for a relative peak area of 87.7% and 94.6% of turmeric and ginger essential oils, respectively, were identified by Gas Chromatography⁻Mass Spectrometry analysis. Ginger essential oil with α-zingiberene (24.9 ± 0.8%), β-sesquiphelladrene (11.7 ± 0.3%), ar-curcumene (10.7 ± 0.2%), and β-bisabolene (10.5 ± 0.3%) as the main compounds significantly inhibited the seed germination of P. oleracea, L. multiflorum, and C. selloana at the highest dose (1 µL/mL) assayed, as well as the hypocotyl and radicle growth of the weeds. Turmeric essential oil with ar-turmerone (38.7 ± 0.8%), β-turmerone (18.6 ± 0.6%), and α-turmerone (14.2 ± 0.9%) as principal components significantly inhibited the seed germination of C. selloana and hypocotyl and radicle growth of weeds (the latter in particular) at the highest dose, whereas it did not affect either the seed germination or seedling growth of the food crops. Turmeric essential oil can be an effective post-emergent bioherbicide against the tested weeds without phytotoxicity to crops.

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Inhibitory effect of plant essential oils on α-glucosidase.

Autores: Zonglin You, Yonglian Li, Kun Zhang, Xi Zheng, Vincent Kam Wai Wong, Wenfeng Liu | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Diabetes mellitus, associated with α-glucosidase, has been considered as a chronic metabolic disorder, seriously affecting human health. Thus, searching natural α-glucosidase inhibitors and investigating their inhibition mechanism are urgently important. In this study, sixty-two essential oils (EOs), derived from aromatic plants, were found to exert different inhibition on α-glucosidase. The further study revealed that the most potent EOs against α-glucosidase were chuan-xiong, fructus cnidii, sacha inchi, aloe, ganoderma lucidum spore and ginger with IC50 values of 3.02, 2.88, 7.37, 5.06, 5.32 and 7.40 μg/mL. Moreover, the inhibitory mechanism and kinetics studies found that chuan-xiong and sacha inchi were reversible and mixed-type inhibitors. Fructus cnidii, aloe, ganoderma lucidum spore and ginger were reversible and uncompetitive-type inhibitors. It is suggested that EOs, being of natural origin, would be promising anti-α-glucosidase agents.

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Effect of Zingiber officinale Roscoe essential oil in fungus control and deoxynivalenol production of Fusarium graminearum Schwabe in vitro.

Autores: Francine Maery Dias Ferreira, Elisa Yoko Hirooka, Flavio Dias Ferreira, Milena Veronezi Silva, Simone Aparecida Galerani Mossini, Miguel Machinski | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Members of the Fusarium genus are capable of contaminating agricultural commodities, compromising the quality of maize and other grains, which leads to severe quality and yield losses. Contamination with mycotoxins is also a concern. Essential oils are possible alternatives to the use of synthetic pesticides for control of fungal contamination, as many have antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic properties and are innocuous to human health. They also do not cause any sort of microbial resistance and do not promote environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic effects of Zingiber officinale Roscoe essential oil (GEO) upon Fusarium graminearum Schwabe in vitro. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC/MS. Antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic activities were assessed by HPLC/UV by quantifying ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON), respectively. Results indicated that GEO inhibited ergosterol production at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL and DON production at a concentration of 500 µg/mL, evidencing that the anti-mycotoxigenic effect is independent of the antifungal effect due to its probable direct action upon toxin biosynthesis.

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Inhibitory effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) essential oil on leukocyte migration in vivo and in vitro.

Autores: Gessilda Alcantara Nogueira de Melo, Renata Grespan, Jefferson Pitelli Fonseca, Thiago Oliveira Farinha, Expedito Leite da Silva, Adriano Lopes Romero, Ciomar A Bersani-Amado, Roberto Kenji Nakamura Cuman | Ano: 2011 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Zingiber officinale Roscoe, popular name ginger, is grown naturally in many parts of the world, including Brazil. Ginger is used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food and beverage industries and the essential oil has been used in folk medicine for manifold conditions including as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antirheumatic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) essential oil (GEO) in an in vitro chemotaxis assay and on leukocyte-endothelial interactions in vivo. GEO was analyzed by GC-MS and the main components identified were ar-curcumene (59%), β-myrcene (14%), 1,8-cineol (8%), citral (7.5%), and zingiberene (7.5%). Oral administration of GEO (200-500 mg/kg) reduced the rolling and leukocyte adherence after 2 h of carrageenan injection (100 μg) into the scrotal chamber. The number of leukocytes migrated to the perivascular tissue 4 h after the irritant stimulus was also diminished. GEO in all doses tested (10(-4), 10(-3), or 10(-2) μL/mL) caused a significant reduction of leukocyte chemotaxis (35.89 ± 4.33, 30.67 ± 0.70, and 35.85 ± 3.83%, respectively) toward casein stimuli. The data presented showed direct and systemic effects of GEO on leukocyte migration as an important mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of ginger.

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Toxic effects of essential plant oils in adult Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

Autores: Franz, Andréa Roveré; Knaak, Neiva; Fiuza, Lidia Mariana | Ano: 2011 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Toxic effects of essential plant oils in adult Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Stored grains are subject to losses in quality nutritional value and in sanitation from the time they are stored to the time they are consumed. Botanical insecticides may offer an alternative solution for pest control. The objective was to test the insecticidal properties of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (leaf), Zingiber officinale (root) and Mentha sp. (leaf). The efficacy of these oils was tested to control the rice weevil, S. oryzae, using hydrodistillation. Chemical analysis of the essential oils was carried out by gas chromatography. Major components of C. citratus were geranial (48 percent) and neral (31 percent), of Z. officinale were α-zingibereno (13 percent), geranial (16 percent), neral (10 percent) and α-farneseno (5 percent) and of Mentha sp. was menthol (92 percent). Bioassays were carried out by fumigation and topical application. In topical application assays, the essential oil of C. citratus had greater toxicity (LC50 0.027 µL mL-1) and shorter exposure time than the oils of the other two plants. After 24 h and 48 h, 70 percent and 100 percent mortality of S. oryzae occurred, respectively. In fumigation assays, essential oil of Z. officinale had a lower LC50 (1.18 µL cm-2) and 70 percent mortality after 24 h exposure. Therefore, we recommend the use of essential oils of C. citratus and Z. officinale to control the rice weevil S. oryzae.

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Composition and immunotoxicity activity of essential oils from leaves of Zingiber officinale Roscoe against Aedes aegypti L.

Autores: Hyung-In Moon, Sang-Buem Cho, Soo-Ki Kim | Ano: 2011 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The leaves of Zingiber officinale Roscoe were extracted and the major essential oil composition and immunotoxicity effects were studied. The analyses were conducted by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) revealed that the essential oils of Z. officinale leaves. The Z. officinale essential oil yield was 0.26%, and GC/MS analysis revealed that its major constituents were Camphene (5.26%), Phellandrene (6.58%), Zingiberene (36.48%), Geranial (4.32%), β-gurjunene (2.74%), and Citronellol β-sesguiphellandrene (12.31%). The essential oil had a significant toxic effect against early fourth-stage larvae of Aedes aegypti L with an LC(50) value of 46.38 ppm and an LC(90) value of 84.32 ppm. Also, Camphene (≥95.0%), Phellandrene (≥95.0%), Zingiberene (≥95.0%), Geranial (≥95.0%), β-gurjunene (≥97.0%), and Citronellol (≥95.0%) were tested against the F21 laboratory strain of A. aegypti. Zingiberene (≥95.0%) and Citronellol (≥95.0%) have medium activity with an LC(50) value of 99.55 ppm and 141.45 ppm. This indicates that other major compounds may play a more important role in the toxicity of essential oil.

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Composition and immunotoxicity activity of essential oils from leaves of Zingiber officinale Roscoe against Aedes aegypti L.

Autores: Hyung-In Moon, Sang-Buem Cho, Soo-Ki Kim | Ano: 2011 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The leaves of Zingiber officinale Roscoe were extracted and the major essential oil composition and immunotoxicity effects were studied. The analyses were conducted by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) revealed that the essential oils of Z. officinale leaves. The Z. officinale essential oil yield was 0.26%, and GC/MS analysis revealed that its major constituents were Camphene (5.26%), Phellandrene (6.58%), Zingiberene (36.48%), Geranial (4.32%), β-gurjunene (2.74%), and Citronellol β-sesguiphellandrene (12.31%). The essential oil had a significant toxic effect against early fourth-stage larvae of Aedes aegypti L with an LC(50) value of 46.38 ppm and an LC(90) value of 84.32 ppm. Also, Camphene (≥95.0%), Phellandrene (≥95.0%), Zingiberene (≥95.0%), Geranial (≥95.0%), β-gurjunene (≥97.0%), and Citronellol (≥95.0%) were tested against the F21 laboratory strain of A. aegypti. Zingiberene (≥95.0%) and Citronellol (≥95.0%) have medium activity with an LC(50) value of 99.55 ppm and 141.45 ppm. This indicates that other major compounds may play a more important role in the toxicity of essential oil.

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The insecticidal and repellent activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) essential oils against Culex theileri Theobald, 1903 (Diptera: Culicidae.

Autores: Samin Madreseh-Ghahfarokhi, Yaser Pirali, Azam Dehghani-Samani, Amir Dehghani-Samani | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Insecticidal and repellent activity of essential oils of Zingiber officinale and Eucalyptus globulus against Culex theileri Theobald, 1903 as a wide-distributed species of mosquitoes in different parts of world with an important role in transmission of infectious organisms and agent were studied. Essential oils were extracted from fresh parts of plants and different concentrations of 250 μl/ml, 500 μl/ml, 750 μl/ml and 1 (undiluted extract) were prepared for each of essential oils. Insecticidal and repellent activity of essential oils against adult form of Culex theileri Theobald mosquitoes, collected from small pools located near the Zayande-Rood River in the Saman city, Iran, were examined via direct exposure method and Y-tube olfactometer bioassay, respectively. Results of current study, as the first study on insecticidal and repellent activity of mentioned essential oils against Culex theileri Theobald, show considerable values of insecticidal and repellent activity against mosquitoes, concentration of one (undiluted extract) had the highest insecticidal and repellent activity against Culex theileri Theobald for both of essential oils and essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus (66% insecticidal and 74% repellent activity) was more potent than Zingiber officinale (45% insecticidal and 61% repellent activity). This study shows that these essential oils can be considered as good replaces for chemical pesticides but more experiments are need for this purpose. Study on insecticidal activity of these essential oils in the field condition can be considered as a subject for next experiments.

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Ginger oil (Zingiber officinale) in the fight against larvae of Contracaecum sp. that cause human zoonoses/ Óleo de gengibre (Zingiber officinale) no combate a larvas de Contracaecum sp. causadoras de zoonoses humanas

Autores: Pavanelli, Gilberto Cezar; Simas, Islayla Paloma Nunes; Gonçalves, José Eduardo; Castro, Ana Luiza de Brito Portela | Ano: 2018 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Anisakid nematode helminths have great importance in public health, with several reports of human infections causedby larvae of these parasites in several countries of the world. These parasites are common in freshwater and marine fish,with man as an accidental host. Contamination occurs when humans feed on raw fish in the form of sushi, sashimi, andceviche, which are infected by the larval stages of these nematodes. In Brazilian rivers there are records of these larvaein Astyanax altiparanae (lambaris) and Geophagus brasiliensis (pearl cichlid), which are species widely distributed in theNeotropical region, especially in Brazil. These diseases are little-known by Brazilian health professionals because theirfrequency is still low, mainly due to the population's low fish consumption and the difficulties medical professionals havein diagnosing them. The present study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal action of ginger essential oil (Zingiber officinale) onlarvae of Contracaecum sp. removed from the visceral cavity of pearl cichlid and lambaris collected from the lake at IngáPark, Maringá, PR, in the year 2016. Two hundred and thirty-four fish specimens were necropsied, and their larvae weretested to verify the larvicidal effect of ginger. Of these fish, 123 were parasitized, equivalent to 52.5%, of which 181 larvaewere collected, all from the coelomic cavity. Ginger essential oil proved to be a promising larvicide, promoting larvaldeath in vitro. This larvicidal action was observed at different times and concentrations, showing the efficacy of ginger oilin combating this zoonosis. It is suggested that new natural products be tested for this purpose, as the number of peoplewho consume raw fish in Brazil continues to increase

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Avaliação da atividade larvicida do óleo essencial do Zingiber officinale Roscoe (gengibre) frente ao mosquito Aedes aegypti/ Evaluation of the larvicidal effectof the essential oil of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) against the mosquito Aedes aegypti

Autores: GOMES, P. R. B; SILVA, A. L. S; PINHEIRO, H. A; CARVALHO, L. L; LIMA, H. S; SILVA, E. F; SILVA, R. P; LOUZEIRO, C. H; OLIVEIRA, M. B; FILHO, V. E. M | Ano: 2016 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: RESUMO Este trabalho analisa o efeito larvicida do óleo Zingiber officinale Roscoe contra larvas em terceiro estágio do mosquito Aedes aegypti. Extraiu-se quantitativamente o óleo essencial por hidrodestilação e calculou-se a CL50 do óleo, a partir dos métodos de Reed-Muench e Pizzi, respectivamente. O óleo essencial obteve CL50 de 76,07 (±2,24) μg mL-1 e rendimento de 0,52% m/v. Os resultados indicam que o óleo essencial avaliado é composto por substâncias que propiciam efeito larvicida contra Aedes aegypti.

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Effect of Dietary Rosemary and Ginger Essential Oils on the Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Meat Nutritive Value, Blood Biochemicals, and Redox Status of Growing NZW Rabbits.

Autores: Mahmoud A Elazab, Ayman M Khalifah, Abdelmotaleb A Elokil, Alaa E Elkomy, Marwa M Rabie, Abdallah Tageldein Mansour, Sabrin Abdelrahman Morshedy | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study was conducted to assess the impacts of using two essential oils, rosemary and ginger, on growing rabbits' performance, carcass traits, meat composition, blood biochemicals, and the redox status of growing New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. A total of 120 unsexed NZW rabbits, 42-days-old, were assigned randomly to five experimental groups (n = 24, 6 replicates with 4 rabbits each). The first group received a basal diet (control), the second to fifth groups were dietary supplemented daily with rosemary essential oil (REO) and ginger essential oil (GEO) at doses of 0.25 and 0.5% for each supplementation (REO-0.25, REO-0.5, GEO-0.25, and GEO-0.5), respectively. The growth traits were studied for 7 weeks, from the 7th to the 13th week of the rabbits' age. The results revealed that final body weight, weight gain, and average daily gain increased significantly (p < 0.01) in the REO-0.5 and GEO-0.5 treatments compared to the control group. Daily feed intake decreased (p = 0.005) in essential oil treatments. Meanwhile, the feed conversion ratio improved significantly (p = 0.001) in REO and GEO at the high doses compared to the control group. The weight percentages of liver and giblets increased (p < 0.001) with both treatments of REO and GEO compared to the control group. The dietary supplementation with REO and GEO did not affect (p > 0.05) the meat composition of Longissimus dorsi and hind leg muscles. Meanwhile, REO and GEO supplementation significantly decreased cholesterol levels in the rabbit meat. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentrations decreased by 10 and 15% in the meat of REO-0.5 and GEO-0.5 treatments, respectively, compared to the other groups. In the same trend, REO and GEO treatments induced a significant (p = 0.001) reduction in the plasma cholesterol concentrations and triglycerides compared to the control. The total antioxidant capacity increased by 7.60% and the malondialdehyde decreased by 11.64% in the plasma of GEO-0.5 treatment than the control. Thus, the dietary supplementation of REO and GEO have a beneficial effect in improving the productivity and meat quality of growing rabbits.

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Effect of variety, location & maturity stage at harvesting, on essential oil chemical composition, and weight yield of Zingiber officinale roscoe grown in Sri Lanka.

Autores: Nayana Damenu Bandara Jayasundara, Palitha Arampath | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Our study investigated whether the chemical intensity and weight yield of essential oil fraction of Zingiber officinale roscoe was significantly affected by variety, maturity stage or cultivated location in Sri Lanka. Two varieties, Rangoon and Siddha planted in two geographical locations of Sri Lanka were harvested at three maturity stages. Chinese variety was studied as the control. Study revealed that the ginger essential oil (GEO) weight yield decreased with increasing maturity stage. Maturity stage and location of cultivation was significantly affecting GEO weight yield while chemical intensities were significantly affected by maturity stage only. Variety factor was not significantly affecting any of the dependent variables. Interaction effects between factors suggested that Siddha and Rangoon were the best varieties to cultivate in Sri Lanka. Best time to harvest rhizomes was at 5 months maturity for any tested variety. 13 major compounds were identified in Siddha while 12 major compounds were identified in Rangoon. It was suggested that variety Siddha was better than Rangoon from its antibacterial chemical profile and composition.

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Phenol-Rich Botanicals Modulate Oxidative Stress and Epithelial Integrity in Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

Autores: Andrea Toschi, Andrea Piva, Ester Grilli | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Botanicals are mainly known for their role as antimicrobials and anti-inflammatories. Thus, the dual purpose of the study was to verify the antioxidant potential of the tested botanicals and to evaluate their possible modulation of intestinal barrier integrity. As the effects of various phenol-rich extracts were screened, the human Caco-2 cell line was determined to be most suitable for use as the in vitro model for the intestinal epithelium. The tested botanicals, all approved as feed additives, are ginger essential oil, tea tree oil, grape seed extract, green tea extract, olive extract, chestnut extract, pomegranate extract, thyme essential oil, and capsicum oleoresin. The cells were treated with incremental doses of each botanical, followed by measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), gene expression of tight junctions (TJs), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results showed how different phenol-rich botanicals could modulate barrier functions and oxidative stress in different ways. Interestingly, all the botanicals tested exerted an antioxidant potential by dropping the cytoplasmatic ROS, while the beneficial effect was exerted at different concentrations for each botanical. Our data support the role of plant extracts and essential oils in controlling gut barrier function and in reducing the negative effects of oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells, thereby supporting gut barrier functionality.

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Phytochemical Constituents and Antiproliferative Activities of Essential Oils from Four Varieties of Malaysian Zingiber officinale Roscoe against Human Cervical Cancer Cell Line.

Autores: Atiqah Zaid, Xue Rou Haw, Huda Hisham Alkatib, Sreenivasan Sasidharan, Philip J Marriott, Yong Foo Wong | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study evaluates the volatile metabolic constituents and anticancer potential of essential oils distilled from the rhizomes of four Malaysian Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae family) varieties (Bentong (BE), Cameron Highlands (CH), Sabah (SA), and Bara (BA)). The ginger essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC qMS). A total of 58 secondary compounds were tentatively identified, representing 82.6-87.4% of the total ion count. These metabolites comprise mainly of monoterpene hydrocarbons (19.7-25.5%), oxygenated monoterpenes (23.6-33.7%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (21.3-35.6%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (1.5-3.9%), and other minor classes of compounds (0.7-2.7%). Principal component analysis (PCA) enabled differentiation of the analyzed ginger essential oils according to their varieties, with respect to their metabolites and relative quantities. The antiproliferative activity against the HeLa cervical cancer cell line was investigated via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The oils were found to exhibit strong antiproliferative activities with IC50 values of 23.8, 35.3, 41.3, and 42.5 μg/mL for BA, BE, SA, and CH, respectively. These findings suggest that the differences among the secondary metabolites and their abundance in different varieties of Z. officinale essential oils appear to be related to their antiproliferative potential. The strong antiproliferative effects of these oils signified their potential in the prevention and chemotherapy of cervical carcinoma treatment.

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Topiramate potential neurotoxicity and mitigating role of ginger oil in mice brain.

Autores: Dalia M Mabrouk, Aida I El Makawy, Kawkab A Ahmed, Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan, Faten M Ibrahim | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Topiramate has multiple pharmacological mechanisms that are efficient in treating epilepsy and migraine. Ginger has been established to have gingerols and shogaols that cause migraine relief. Moreover, Topiramate has many off-label uses. Thus, it was necessary to explore the possible neurotoxicity of Topiramate and the role of ginger oil in attenuating the Topiramate neurotoxicity. Male albino mice were orally gavaged with Topiramate, ginger oil (400 mg/kg), and Topiramate plus ginger oil with the same pattern for 28 days. Oxidative stress markers, acetylcholinesterase (AchE), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were examined. Histopathological examination, immunohistochemical glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Bax expression analysis were detected. The GABAAR subunits, Gabra1, Gabra3, and Gabra5 expression, were assessed by RT-qPCR. The investigation showed that Topiramate raised oxidative stress markers levels, neurotransmitters, TNF-α, and diminished glutathione (GSH). In addition, Topiramate exhibited various neuropathological alterations, strong Bax, and GFAP immune-reactivity in the cerebral cortex. At the same time, the results indicated that ginger oil had no neurotoxicity. The effect of Topiramate plus ginger oil alleviated the changes induced by Topiramate in the tested parameters. Both Topiramate and ginger oil upregulated the mRNA expression of gabra1 and gabra3, while their interaction markedly downregulated them. Therefore, it could be concluded that the Topiramate overdose could cause neurotoxicity, but the interaction with ginger oil may reduce Topiramate-induced neurotoxicity and should be taken in parallel.

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Efficacy of Inhaled Essential Oil Use on Selected Symptoms Affecting Quality of Life in Patients With Cancer Receiving Infusion Therapies.

Autores: Amber S Williams, Jessica Dove, Julia E Krock, Corinna M Strauss, Shannon Panda, Loraine T Sinnott, Amy E Rettig | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: To evaluate the effects of inhaled ginger, German chamomile, and bergamot essential oil (EO) versus an odorless control oil on appetite, anxiety, fatigue, and nausea in individuals with cancer receiving IV therapy.

Resultados: Symptom burden was low. More men than women completed the study. The majority of participants had gastrointestinal cancer, followed by skin and neuroendocrine cancer. Ginger EO produced statistically significant results for anxiety and fatigue.

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Biobased polymer resources and essential oils: a green combination for antibacterial applications.

Autores: Christine Elian, Samir Abbad Andaloussi, Régis Moilleron, Jean-Winoc Decousser, Cyrille Boyer, Davy-Louis Versace | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: To fight nosocomial infections, the excessive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, which are now considered a relevant public health threat by the World Health Organization. To date, most antibacterial systems are based on the use of petro-sourced polymers, but the global supplies of these resources are depleting. Besides, silver NPs are widely accepted as the most active biocide against a wide range of bacterial strains but their toxicity is an issue. The growing interest in natural products has gained increasing interest in the last decade. Therefore, the design of functional antibacterial materials derived from biomass remains a significant challenge for the scientific community. Consequently, attention has shifted to naturally occurring substances such as essential oils (EOs), which are classified as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS). EOs can offer an alternative to the common antimicrobial agents as an inner solution or biocide agent to inhibit the resistance mechanism. Herein, this review not only aims at providing developments in the antibacterial modes of action of EOs against various bacterial strains and the recent advances in genomic and proteomic techniques for the elucidation of these mechanisms but also presents examples of biobased polymer resource-based EO materials and their antibacterial activities. Especially, we describe the antibacterial properties of biobased polymers, e.g. cellulose, starch, chitosan, PLA PHAs and proteins, associated with EOs (cinnamon (CEO), clove (CLEO), bergamot (BEO), ginger (GEO), lemongrass (LEO), caraway (CAEO), rosemary (REO), Eucalyptus globulus (EGEO), tea tree (TTEO), orange peel (OPEO) and apricot (Prunus armeniaca) kernel (AKEO) essential oils). Finally, we discuss the influence of EOs on the mechanical strength of bio-based materials.

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Introducing Three New Fruit-Scented Mints to Farmlands: Insights on Drug Yield, Essential-Oil Quality, and Antioxidant Properties.

Autores: Hosein Ahmadi, Mohammad Reza Morshedloo, Roya Emrahi, Abdollah Javanmard, Farzad Rasouli, Filippo Maggi, Manoj Kumar, Jose Manuel Lorenzo | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Mint species are one of the most traded medicinal plants with a wide array of applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and perfumery industries. Here, a field experiment based on completely randomized block design (RCBD) aimed to compare drug yield, antioxidant properties, and essential-oil (EO) quality of three newly introduced mints (i.e., ginger mint, pineapple mint, and grapefruit mint) with a chiefly cultivated one (i.e., peppermint). The results manifested that dry-weight yield and EO yield of grapefruit mint (310 g/m2 and 5.18 g/m2, respectively) was approximately 2 times more than that of others. The highest EO content (i.e., 3.12%, v/w)) was obtained from the ginger mint; however, there were no significant differences among the other three mints. The highest total flavonoids content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of both methanolic and ethanolic extracts were found in pineapple and grapefruit mint. Methanolic extract of ginger mint yielded the highest total polyphenol content, whereas the ethanolic extract of pineapple mint showed the highest total polyphenol content. According to mean comparisons, the EO of ginger mint exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (EC50 value = 2.23 µL/mL), while EO of peppermint showed the lowest antioxidant activity (EC50 value = 48.23 µL/mL). Gas chromatography analysis identified four EO types among these mints: (i) grapefruit mint EO rich in linalool (51.7%) and linalyl acetate (28.38%); (ii) ginger mint EO rich in linalool (59.16%); (iii) pineapple mint EO rich in piperitone oxide (77.65%); and (iv) peppermint EO rich in menthol (35.65%). The findings of the present study provide new insights into the cultivation of preferable mints possessing desired characteristics for food and drug industries.

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Ginger Essential Oil Ameliorates Hepatic Injury and Lipid Accumulation in High Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Autores: Yi-Syuan Lai, Wan-Ching Lee, Yu-En Lin, Chi-Tang Ho, Kuan-Hung Lu, Shih-Hang Lin, Suraphan Panyod, Yung-Lin Chu, Lee-Yan Sheen | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The objective of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective efficacy and mechanism of action of ginger essential oil (GEO) against the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mice were maintained on either a control diet or high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with GEO (12.5, 62.5, and 125 mg/kg) or citral (2.5 and 25 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. We demonstrated that GEO and its major component (citral) lowered HFD-induced obesity in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied by anti-hyperlipidemic effects by reducing serum free fatty acid, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels. Moreover, liver histological results showed that administration of 62.5 and 125 mg/kg GEO and 25 mg/kg citral significantly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation. Further assessment by Western blotting and investigation of the lipid metabolism revealed that hepatic protein expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) were down-regulated by GEO and citral, indicating that GEO and citral suppressed HFD-stimulated lipid biosynthesis and oxidative stress. Furthermore, GEO and citral effectively enhanced the antioxidant capacities and reduced inflammatory response in mouse liver, which exerted protective effects against steatohepatitis. Collectively, GEO and citral exhibited potent hepatoprotective effects against NAFLD induced by HFD in obese mice. Thus, GEO might be an effective dietary supplement to ameliorate NAFLD-related metabolic diseases, and citral could play a vital role in its management.

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Effects of Ginger (Zingiber officinale, Roscoe) Essential Oil on Growth and Laying Performances, Serum Metabolites, and Egg Yolk Antioxidant and Cholesterol Status in Laying Japanese Quail.

Autores: Tchoffo Herve, Kana Jean Raphaël, Ngoula Ferdinand, Ngoumtsop Victor Herman, Ngouozeu Moyo Willy Marvel, Tadondjou Cyril D'Alex, Folack Tiwa Laurine Vitrice | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study aimed to investigate the effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale, Rosc.) essential oil on growth and laying performances, egg yolk antioxidant and cholesterol status, and serum metabolites in Japanese quail. Eighty 3-week-old Japanese quails weighing between 120 and 130 g were equally and randomly assigned to four groups receiving daily and orally, respectively, 100 µl/kg body weight (bw) distilled water and 50, 100, and 150 µl/kg bw of ginger rhizomes essential oil, respectively. The entire feeding trial for all groups lasted for 9 weeks and the Z. officinale essential oil effects were studied on growth and laying performances, serum metabolites, and egg yolk antioxidant and cholesterol status. Results revealed that feed intake, live and body weights gain, feed conversion ratio, egg production, and weekly mass of eggs were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by oral administration of ginger rhizomes essential oil. Unlike the abdominal fat weight which decreased significantly (p<0.05) in all treated quails, the oral administration of ginger rhizomes essential oil had no significant effects (p> 0.05) on liver, intestine, heart, and gizzard relative weights as compared to the control. Egg weight markedly (P<0.05) increased in Japanese quails treated with ginger rhizomes essential oil whatever the dose with reference to the control. The serum content in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and transaminases (AST and ALT) decreased significantly (P<0.05) with 100 and 150 µl/kg bw of ginger rhizomes essential oil compared to control group. In conclusion, oral administration of 100 to 150 µl/kg bw of ginger rhizomes essential oil to laying Japanese quails positively influences egg weight and decreased serum and egg cholesterols without any adverse effect on feed intake and body weight gain.

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Efficacy of Inhaled Essential Oil Use on Selected Symptoms Affecting Quality of Life in Patients With Cancer Receiving Infusion Therapies.

Autores: Amber S Williams, Jessica Dove, Julia E Krock, Corinna M Strauss, Shannon Panda, Loraine T Sinnott, Amy E Rettig | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: To evaluate the effects of inhaled ginger, German chamomile, and bergamot essential oil (EO) versus an odorless control oil on appetite, anxiety, fatigue, and nausea in individuals with cancer receiving IV therapy.

Resultados: Symptom burden was low. More men than women completed the study. The majority of participants had gastrointestinal cancer, followed by skin and neuroendocrine cancer. Ginger EO produced statistically significant results for anxiety and fatigue.

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Effects of Ginger (Zingiber officinale, Roscoe) Essential Oil on Growth and Laying Performances, Serum Metabolites, and Egg Yolk Antioxidant and Cholesterol Status in Laying Japanese Quail.

Autores: Tchoffo Herve, Kana Jean Raphaël, Ngoula Ferdinand, Ngoumtsop Victor Herman, Ngouozeu Moyo Willy Marvel, Tadondjou Cyril D'Alex, Folack Tiwa Laurine Vitrice | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study aimed to investigate the effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale, Rosc.) essential oil on growth and laying performances, egg yolk antioxidant and cholesterol status, and serum metabolites in Japanese quail. Eighty 3-week-old Japanese quails weighing between 120 and 130 g were equally and randomly assigned to four groups receiving daily and orally, respectively, 100 µl/kg body weight (bw) distilled water and 50, 100, and 150 µl/kg bw of ginger rhizomes essential oil, respectively. The entire feeding trial for all groups lasted for 9 weeks and the Z. officinale essential oil effects were studied on growth and laying performances, serum metabolites, and egg yolk antioxidant and cholesterol status. Results revealed that feed intake, live and body weights gain, feed conversion ratio, egg production, and weekly mass of eggs were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by oral administration of ginger rhizomes essential oil. Unlike the abdominal fat weight which decreased significantly (p<0.05) in all treated quails, the oral administration of ginger rhizomes essential oil had no significant effects (p> 0.05) on liver, intestine, heart, and gizzard relative weights as compared to the control. Egg weight markedly (P<0.05) increased in Japanese quails treated with ginger rhizomes essential oil whatever the dose with reference to the control. The serum content in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and transaminases (AST and ALT) decreased significantly (P<0.05) with 100 and 150 µl/kg bw of ginger rhizomes essential oil compared to control group. In conclusion, oral administration of 100 to 150 µl/kg bw of ginger rhizomes essential oil to laying Japanese quails positively influences egg weight and decreased serum and egg cholesterols without any adverse effect on feed intake and body weight gain.

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Effects of Ginger (Zingiber officinale, Roscoe) Essential Oil on Growth and Laying Performances, Serum Metabolites, and Egg Yolk Antioxidant and Cholesterol Status in Laying Japanese Quail.

Autores: Tchoffo Herve, Kana Jean Raphaël, Ngoula Ferdinand, Ngoumtsop Victor Herman, Ngouozeu Moyo Willy Marvel, Tadondjou Cyril D'Alex, Folack Tiwa Laurine Vitrice | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study aimed to investigate the effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale, Rosc.) essential oil on growth and laying performances, egg yolk antioxidant and cholesterol status, and serum metabolites in Japanese quail. Eighty 3-week-old Japanese quails weighing between 120 and 130 g were equally and randomly assigned to four groups receiving daily and orally, respectively, 100 µl/kg body weight (bw) distilled water and 50, 100, and 150 µl/kg bw of ginger rhizomes essential oil, respectively. The entire feeding trial for all groups lasted for 9 weeks and the Z. officinale essential oil effects were studied on growth and laying performances, serum metabolites, and egg yolk antioxidant and cholesterol status. Results revealed that feed intake, live and body weights gain, feed conversion ratio, egg production, and weekly mass of eggs were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by oral administration of ginger rhizomes essential oil. Unlike the abdominal fat weight which decreased significantly (p<0.05) in all treated quails, the oral administration of ginger rhizomes essential oil had no significant effects (p> 0.05) on liver, intestine, heart, and gizzard relative weights as compared to the control. Egg weight markedly (P<0.05) increased in Japanese quails treated with ginger rhizomes essential oil whatever the dose with reference to the control. The serum content in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and transaminases (AST and ALT) decreased significantly (P<0.05) with 100 and 150 µl/kg bw of ginger rhizomes essential oil compared to control group. In conclusion, oral administration of 100 to 150 µl/kg bw of ginger rhizomes essential oil to laying Japanese quails positively influences egg weight and decreased serum and egg cholesterols without any adverse effect on feed intake and body weight gain.

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Identification and analysis of miRNAs and their targets in ginger using bioinformatics approach.

Autores: Noopur Singh, Swati Srivastava, Ashok Sharma | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of endogenous small RNAs derived from the non-protein coding genes. miRNA regulates the gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and plays an important role in plant development. Zingiber officinale is an important medicinal plant having numerous therapeutic properties. Its bioactive compound gingerol and essential oil posses important pharmacological and physiological activities. In this study, we used a homology search based computational approach for identifying miRNAs in Z. officinale. A total of 16 potential miRNA families (miR167, miR407, miR414, miR5015, miR5021, miR5644, miR5645, miR5656, miR5658, miR5664, miR827, miR838, miR847, miR854, miR862 and miR864) were predicted in ginger. Phylogenetic and conserved analyses were performed for predicted miRNAs. Thirteen miRNA families were found to regulate 300 target transcripts and play an important role in cell signaling, reproduction, metabolic process and stress. To understand the miRNA mediated gene regulatory control and to validate miRNA target predictions, a biological network was also constructed. Gene ontology and pathway analyses were also done. miR5015 was observed to regulate the biosynthesis of gingerol by inhibiting phenyl ammonia lyase (PAL), a precursor enzyme in the biosynthesis of gingerol. Our results revealed that most of the predicted miRNAs were involved in the regulation of rhizome development. miR5021, miR854 and miR838 were identified to regulate the rhizome development and the essential oil biosynthesis in ginger.

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Biological activities of Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae) and Piper cubeba (Piperaceae) essential oils against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae).

Autores: Mukesh Kumar Chaubey | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae) and Piper cubeba (Piperaceae) was essential oils were investigated for repellent, insecticidal, antiovipositional, egg hatching, persistence of its insecticidal activities against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Essential oil vapours repelled bruchid adults significantly as oviposition was found reduced in choice oviposition assay. Z. officinale and P. cubeba essential oils caused both fumigant and contact toxicity in C. chinensis adults. In fumigation toxicity assay, median lethal concentrations (LC50) were 0.34 and 0.27 microL cm(-3) for Z. officinale and P. cubeba essential oils, respectively, while in contact toxicity assay, LC50 were 0.90 and 0.66 microL cm(-2) for Z. officinale and P. cubeba essential oils, respectively. These two essential oils reduced oviposition in C. chinensis adults when treated with sublethal concentrations by fumigation and contact method. Oviposition inhibition was more pronounced when adults come in contact than in vapours. Both essential oils significantly reduced egg hatching rate when fumigated. Persistence in insecticidal efficiency of both essential oils decreased with time. P. cubeba showed less persistence than Z. officinale essential oil because no mortality was observed in C. chinensis adults after 36 h of treatment with P. cubeba and after 48 h of treatment of Z. officinale essential oil. Fumigation with these essential oils has no effect on the germination of the cowpea seeds. Findings of the study suggest that Z. officinale and P. cubeba essential oils can be useful as promising agent in insect pest management programme.

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Safety and efficacy of essential oil, oleoresin and tincture from Zingiber officinale Roscoe when used as sensory additives in feed for all animal species.

Autores: , Vasileios Bampidis, Giovanna Azimonti, Maria de Lourdes Bastos, Henrik Christensen, Mojca Kos Durjava, Maryline Kouba, Marta López-Alonso, Secundino López Puente, Francesca Marcon, Baltasar Mayo, Alena Pechová, Mariana Petkova, Fernando Ramos, Yolanda Sanz, Roberto Edoardo Villa, Ruud Woutersen, Paul Brantom, Andrew Chesson, Johannes Westendorf, Lucilla Gregoretti, Paola Manini, Birgit Dusemund | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSAPanel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of essential oil, oleoresin and tincture from Zingiber officinale Roscoe when used as sensory additives in feed for all animal species. The FEEDAPPanel concludes that the additives under consideration are safe for the target species at the following use levels: (i) ginger essential oil up to the maximum proposed use level of 80 mg/kg for veal calves (milk replacer) and 20 mg/kg complete feed (or 20 mg/L water for drinking) for all other species; (ii) ginger oleoresin at the maximum proposed concentrations of 20 mg/kg complete feed for fish, sheep, goats and horses and of 1 mg/kg for pets. For the remaining species, the calculated maximum safe concentration of ginger oleoresin in feed is less than that proposed use level and ranges from 5 mg/kg complete feed for chickens for fattening to 21 mg/kg for veal calves; (iii) ginger tincture at the maximum proposed concentrations of 1.6 mL/kg complete feed for horses and 0.26 mL/kg for dogs. For poultry species, the calculated maximum safe dose ranges between 0.2 and 0.3 mg/L water for drinking. No concerns for consumers were identified following the use of the additives up to the highest safe level in animal nutrition. The additives should be considered as irritants to skin and eyes and the respiratory tract and as a skin sensitisers. The use of the additives in feed is not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Since ginger and its preparations are recognised to flavour food and their function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy is considered necessary.

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