LIPPIA-ALBA

Anesthetic induction and recovery of Hippocampus reidi exposed to the essential oil of Lippia alba

Autores: Cunha, Mauro Alves da; Silva, Bruno Ferreira da; Delunardo, Frederico Augusto Cariello; Benovit, Simone Cristina; Gomes, Levy de Carvalho; Heinzmann, Berta Maria; Baldisserotto, Bernardo | Ano: 2011 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: The aim of this study was to identify the times of anesthetic induction and recovery in slender seahorses (Hippocampus reidi) that were exposed to the essential oil of Lippia alba (EO), as well as the efficacy of EO as a stress-reducing agent in the transport of this species. Slender seahorses were placed in 1-L aquaria containing different concentrations of EO (0, 10, 20, 50, 150, 300 and 450 µL L-1), and after induction, fish were transferred to aquaria that were free of anesthetic to evaluate their recovery time. In an additional experiment, slender seahorses were transported in plastic bags with 15 µL L-1 of EO for 4 or 24 h. The increased concentration of EO proportionally decreased the time required for the induction of anesthesia. EO treatment (15 µL L-1) inhibited the increase in blood glucose levels that was provoked by transportation for 4 or 24 h. Transportation for 24 h also decreased the number of lymphocytes and increased the neutrophil count, and these effects were avoided with the addition of EO to the water. These results demonstrate that EO was effective as an anesthetic at concentrations of 10-20 µL L-1 for slight sedation and transport and at 150 µL L-1 for deep anesthesia in the slender seahorse.

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Biochemical parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after transport with eugenol or essential oil of Lippia alba added to the water/ Parâmetros bioquímicos do jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) após transporte com eugenol ou óleo essencial de Lippia alba adicionado à água

Autores: Salbego, J; Toni, C; Becker, A G; Zeppenfeld, C C; Menezes, C C; Loro, V L; Heinzmann, B M; Baldisserotto, B | Ano: 2017 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Abstract The transport of live fish is a routine practice in aquaculture and constitutes a considerable source of stress to the animals. The addition of anesthetic to the water used for fish transport can prevent or mitigate the deleterious effects of transport stress. This study investigated the effects of the addition of eugenol (EUG) (1.5 or 3.0 µL L-1) and essential oil of Lippia alba (EOL) (10 or 20 µL L-1) on metabolic parameters (glycogen, lactate and total protein levels) in liver and muscle, acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in muscle and brain, and the levels of protein carbonyl (PC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nonprotein thiol groups (NPSH) and activity of glutathione-S-transferase in the liver of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen; Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) transported for four hours in plastic bags (loading density of 169.2 g L-1). The addition of various concentrations of EUG (1.5 or 3.0 µL L-1) and EOL (10 or 20 µL L-1) to the transport water is advisable for the transportation of silver catfish, since both concentrations of these substances increased the levels of NPSH antioxidant and decreased the TBARS levels in the liver. In addition, the lower liver levels of glycogen and lactate in these groups and lower AChE activity in the brain (EOL 10 or 20 µL L-1) compared to the control group indicate that the energetic metabolism and neurotransmission were lower after administration of anesthetics, contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis and sedation status.

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Enhancement of Shelf Life of Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Higher Basidiomycetes) by Fumigant Application of Lippia alba Essential Oil.

Autores: Pratima Vishwakarma, Abhay K Pandey, Priyanka Mishra, Pooja Singh, N N Tripathi | Ano: 2015 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Eleven essential oils isolated from higher plant species were assessed against the four isolates of Verticillium fungicola found on fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus. Eucalyptus citriodora and Lippia alba oils were more efficacious and completely inhibited the mycelial growth of fungal isolates. L. alba oil was fungistatic and fungicidal at 10- and 20-µL concentrations against all of the isolates, respectively, and was more potent than E. citriodora oil as well as some prevalent synthetic fungicides such as benomyl, ethylene dibromide, and phosphine. Eighty microliters of L. alba oil protected 500 g of fruiting bodies of A. bisporus for up to 7 d from infection of the fungus under in vivo conditions. The findings strengthen the possibility of L. alba oil as a plant-based protectant to enhance the shelf life of A. bisporus fruiting bodies.

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Atividade antagonista do óleo essencial de Lippia alba (Mill. ) N. E. Brown (Verbenaceae) sobre Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood/ Antagonist activity of the essential oil Lippia alba (Mill. ) N. E. Brown (Verbenaceae) on Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood

Autores: GONÇALVES, F.J.T.; BARBOSA, F.G.; LIMA, J.S.; COUTINHO, I.B.L.; OLIVEIRA, F.C.; ROCHA, R.R.; ANDRADE NETO, M. | Ano: 2016 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: RESUMO O controle de fitonematóides é uma tarefa difícil. A alta infestação de nematoides no solo obriga os produtores a usarem doses mais elevadas de nematicidas, ou ainda, a aumentarem a freqüência das aplicações, geralmente no solo, ocasionando maior potencial de dano ao homem e ao ambiente. Além disso, nematicidas convencionais vêm sofrendo grandes restrições de uso em muitos países. Desse modo, a busca de novas medidas de controle de fitonematóides é uma prioridade da agricultura sustentável. Desta forma, objetivou-se estudar o efeito de óleos essenciais de Lippia Alba, na mortalidade de juvenis pré-parasitas do segundo estádio de Meloidogyne incognita. O ensaio foi montado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições, em esquema fatorial 3×4 (3 quimiotipos x 4 concentrações) empregando-se três diferentes quimiotipos de L. Alba (I, II, III) nas concentrações de 0, 100, 500 e 1000 ppm, coletados em diferentes horas do dia (7, 9, 13, 16 e 19h). Os dados coletados (% de mortalidade) foram submetidos à análise de variância e os valores médios comparados por meio do teste de Tukey. Foi possível concluir que Lippia alba contém, em seu óleo essencial, compostos com efeitos significativos na mortalidade de juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) de M. incognita. Dessa forma, é importante destacar que o acentuado efeito nematicida do óleo essencial de L. alba sugere a possibilidade de seu uso no controle de M. incognita.

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Anti-Candida activity of Brazilian medicinal plants.

Autores: Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte, Glyn Mara Figueira, Adilson Sartoratto, Vera Lúcia Garcia Rehder, Camila Delarmelina | Ano: 2005 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils and ethanolic extracts from the leaves and/or roots of 35 medicinal plants commonly used in Brazil were screened for anti-Candida albicans activity. The oils were obtained by water-distillation using a Clevenger-type system. Essential oils from 13 plants showed anti-Candida activity, including Aloysia triphylla, Anthemis nobilis, Cymbopogon martini, Cymbopogon winterianus, Cyperus articulatus, Cyperus rotundus, Lippia alba, Mentha arvensis, Mikania glomerata, Mentha piperita, Mentha sp., Stachys byzantina, and Solidago chilensis. The ethanol extract was not effective at any of the concentrations tested. Chemical analyses showed the presence of compounds with known antimicrobial activity, including 1,8-cineole, geranial, germacrene-D, limonene, linalool, and menthol.

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Anti-Candida activity of Brazilian medicinal plants.

Autores: Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte, Glyn Mara Figueira, Adilson Sartoratto, Vera Lúcia Garcia Rehder, Camila Delarmelina | Ano: 2005 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils and ethanolic extracts from the leaves and/or roots of 35 medicinal plants commonly used in Brazil were screened for anti-Candida albicans activity. The oils were obtained by water-distillation using a Clevenger-type system. Essential oils from 13 plants showed anti-Candida activity, including Aloysia triphylla, Anthemis nobilis, Cymbopogon martini, Cymbopogon winterianus, Cyperus articulatus, Cyperus rotundus, Lippia alba, Mentha arvensis, Mikania glomerata, Mentha piperita, Mentha sp., Stachys byzantina, and Solidago chilensis. The ethanol extract was not effective at any of the concentrations tested. Chemical analyses showed the presence of compounds with known antimicrobial activity, including 1,8-cineole, geranial, germacrene-D, limonene, linalool, and menthol.

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Toxicidad, genotoxicidad y actividad anti-Leishmania de aceites esenciales obtenidos de cuatro (4) quimiotipos del género Lippia/ Toxicity, genotoxicity and anti-Leishmania activity of essential oils obtained of four chemotypes of Lippia genus

Autores: Neira, Laura Fernanda; Mantilla, Julio Cesar; Stashenko, Elena; Escobar, Patricia | Ano: 2018 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Los aceites esenciales (AEs), pertenecientes al género Lippia, son candidatos interesantes de formulaciones tópicas en el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis cutánea (LC). El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el perfil toxicológico y la actividad anti-Leishmania de AEs obtenidos de plantas colombianas del género Lippia. Ratones BALB/c fueron tratados tópica u oralmente con AEs obtenidos de L. alba quimiotipo citral (AE1) y de L. origanoides quimiotipos timol (AE2), carvacrol (AE3) y felandreno (AE4). El efecto del tratamiento en la irritación de la piel, la toxicidad aguda oral, la genotoxicidad (prueba cometa y micronúcleos), los cambios en la función hepática y renal, la inducción de reacción de hipersensibilidad de contacto y en la actividad contra L. (V) panamensis y L. (V.) braziliensis fueron determinados. Todos los AEs presentaron un perfil toxicológico similar a los parámetros normales, exceptuando los aceites AE2 y AE3 los cuales fueron irritantes y presentaron algunos signos de toxicidad aguda oral al ser utilizados en altas concentraciones (concentraciones bajas no fueron tóxicas). El AE2 mostró actividad antiparasitaria en las formas parasitarias evaluadas. Concentraciones bajas de los AEs podrían utilizarse de forma segura como componentes de formulaciones farmacológicas en LC.

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Actividad antibacteriana in vitro de aceites esenciales frente a microorganismos implicados en el acné/ In vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oil against microorganisms involved in acne

Autores: Torrenegra Alarcón, Miladys Esther; Matiz Melo, Germán Eduardo; Gil González, Jesús; León Méndez, Glicerio | Ano: 2015 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Objetivo: evaluar la composición química, la sensibilidad antibacteriana y la concentración mínima inhibitoria in vitro de tres aceites esenciales de las especies vegetales Origanum vulgare L, Origanum vulgare ssp y Lippia alba Mill cultivadas en el norte del departamento de Bolívar (Colombia), obtenidos mediante hidrodestilación e hidrodestilación asistida por la radiación con microondas. Métodos: los aceites esenciales se obtuvieron por hidrodestilación e hidrodestilación asistida por radiación con microondas, a partir de las hojas; se determinó densidad relativa a 20 °C, índice de refracción, solubilidad de los aceites esenciales en etanol (70 por ciento v/v) y rotación óptica. La composición química se evaluó mediante cromatografía de gases/espectrómetro de masa (CG/EM). La actividad se realizó sobre tres bacterias implicadas en el desarrollo del acné: Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 y Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. Para determinar la sensibilidad antibacteriana y la concentración mínima inhibitoria, los aceites se diluyeron hasta la concentración deseada (1 000‒50 µg/mL) empleando el método de microdilución en caldo, y se empleó el lector de microplacas para la cuantificación del crecimiento bacteriano. Resultados: los rendimientos oscilaron entre 0,04 y 0,16 por ciento, dependiendo de la especie vegetal y el método de extracción utilizado. Los resultados de la prueba de sensibilidad mostraron que las bacterias fueron más sensibles al aceite esencial de orégano borde blanco (Origanum vulgare ssp) obtenido mediante ambos métodos de extracción; además, este aceite presentó el mayor contenido de monoterpenos oxigenados con reconocida actividad antibacteriana, como son el carvacrol y el timol. Conclusiones: el aceite esencial de orégano borde blanco (Origanum vulgare ssp) es considerado como promisorio para el control del componente bacteriano del acné vulgar(AU)

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Actividad antibacteriana in vitro de aceites esenciales frente a microorganismos implicados en el acné/ In vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oil against microorganisms involved in acne

Autores: Torrenegra Alarcón, Miladys Esther; Matiz Melo, Germán Eduardo; Gil González, Jesús; León Méndez, Glicerio | Ano: 2015 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Objetivo: evaluar la composición química, la sensibilidad antibacteriana y la concentración mínima inhibitoria in vitro de tres aceites esenciales de las especies vegetales Origanum vulgare L, Origanum vulgare ssp y Lippia alba Mill cultivadas en el norte del departamento de Bolívar (Colombia), obtenidos mediante hidrodestilación e hidrodestilación asistida por la radiación con microondas. Métodos: los aceites esenciales se obtuvieron por hidrodestilación e hidrodestilación asistida por radiación con microondas, a partir de las hojas; se determinó densidad relativa a 20 °C, índice de refracción, solubilidad de los aceites esenciales en etanol (70 por ciento v/v) y rotación óptica. La composición química se evaluó mediante cromatografía de gases/espectrómetro de masa (CG/EM). La actividad se realizó sobre tres bacterias implicadas en el desarrollo del acné: Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 y Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. Para determinar la sensibilidad antibacteriana y la concentración mínima inhibitoria, los aceites se diluyeron hasta la concentración deseada (1 000‒50 µg/mL) empleando el método de microdilución en caldo, y se empleó el lector de microplacas para la cuantificación del crecimiento bacteriano. Resultados: los rendimientos oscilaron entre 0,04 y 0,16 por ciento, dependiendo de la especie vegetal y el método de extracción utilizado. Los resultados de la prueba de sensibilidad mostraron que las bacterias fueron más sensibles al aceite esencial de orégano borde blanco (Origanum vulgare ssp) obtenido mediante ambos métodos de extracción; además, este aceite presentó el mayor contenido de monoterpenos oxigenados con reconocida actividad antibacteriana, como son el carvacrol y el timol. Conclusiones: el aceite esencial de orégano borde blanco (Origanum vulgare ssp) es considerado como promisorio para el control del componente bacteriano del acné vulgar(AU)

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Propriedades antibacterianas de óleos essenciais de plantas medicinais/ Antibacterial properties of essential oils from medicinal plants

Autores: Lima, Edeltrudes de Oliveira; Farias, Nilma Maria Porto; Souza, Evandro Leite; Santos, Bernadete Helena Cavalcante | Ano: 2003 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Objetivo: Realizar o estudo in vitro da atividade antibacteriana de óleos essenciais obtidos das seguintes plantas medicinais: Cinnamomum zeylanicum (canela), Citrus limonium (limoeiro), Cymbopogom citratus (Capim-santo), Eucaliptus globulus (eucalipto), Eugenia caryophillus (cravo da índia), E. uniflora (pitanga), Lippia alba (erva-cidreira), Matricaria chamomilla (camomila), Pneumus boldus (boldo), Ruta graveolens (arruda) e Zingiber officinalis (gengibre) sobre cepas de bactérias Gram negativas. Material e Métodos: Os óleos essenciais foram obtidos pela técnica de destilação por arraste com vapor de gua. Os ensaios das propriedades antibacterianas dos óleos essenciais, foram executados pela técnica de difusão em meio sólido. Resultados: Cinco dos nove óleos essenciais analisados apresentaram poder de inibição do crescimento de uma ou mais cepas de bactérias Gram negativas. Somente os óleos essenciais de R. graveolens e Z. officinalis não apresentaram ação inibitória sobre nenhuma cepa testada. Entretanto, o óleo essencial C. citratus obteve destaque entre os produtos analisados, o qual apresentou uma concentração inibitória mínima de 8 por cento para as cepas analisadas. Conclusão: Os óleos essenciais de plantas medicinais apresentam-se como agentes potencialmente efetivos na inibição do crescimento de bactérias Gram negativas, sendo destacada a ação do óleo essencial de C. citratus.

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Antibacterial activity of Lippia alba, Myrcia lundiana and Ocimum basilicum essential oils against six food-spoiling pathogenic microorganisms/ Actividad antibacteriana de los aceites esenciales de Lippia alba, Myrcia lundiana y Ocimum basilicum contra seis microorganismos patógenos que estropean los alimentos

Autores: Couto, Hyrla Grazielle Silva de Araújo; Barbosa, Ana Andréa Teixeira; Nizio, Daniela Aparecida de Castro; Nogueira, Paulo Cesar de Lima; Arrigoni-Blank, Maria de Fátima; Pinto, Jéssika Andreza Oliveira; Alves, Mércia Freitas; Pinto, Vanderson dos Santos; Blank, Arie Fitzgerald | Ano: 2021 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: The aim of this study was to undertake a screening experiment on essential oils (EO) of Myrcia lundiana, Ocimum basilicum and Lippia alba against six food-spoiling pathogenic bacteria. Seventy-two (72) samples were initially analyzed fo antimicrobial activity based on the agar diffusion test. The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations were determined for the 12 samples which showed greatest antimicrobial potential in this stage. Two samples of L. alba, three samples of M. lundiana and seven samples of O. basilicum showed a MIC of 0.12-125 µL/mL for the six tested bacteria. Of these, the EO of O. basilicum cultivar Maria Bonita stood out with the lowest MIC and MBC. Thus, a mixture simulating this essential oil was prepared from commercial standards of the compounds (±)-linalool, geraniol and 1,8-cineole. Significantly higher MIC and MBC were detected in the simulation compared to the respective EO, suggesting a synergistic effect between compounds.

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Citral and carvone chemotypes from the essential oils of Colombian Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown: composition, cytotoxicity and antifungal activity

Autores: Mesa-Arango, Ana Cecilia; Montiel-Ramos, Jehidys; Zapata, Bibiana; Durán, Camilo; Betancur-Galvis, Liliana; Stashenko, Elena | Ano: 2009 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Two essential oils of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown (Verbenacea), the carvone and citral chemotypes and 15 of their compounds were evaluated to determine cytotoxicity and antifungal activity. Cytotoxicity assays for both the citral and carvone chemotypes were carried out with tetrazolium-dye, which showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against HeLa cells. Interestingly, this effect on the evaluated cells (HeLa and the non-tumoural cell line, Vero) was lower than that of commercial citral alone. Commercial citral showed the highest cytotoxic activity on HeLa cells. The antifungal activity was evaluated against Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus strains following the standard protocols, Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee of the European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing and CLSI M38-A. Results demonstrated that the most active essential oil was the citral chemotype, with geometric means-minimal inhibitory concentration (GM-MIC) values of 78.7 and 270.8 μg/mL for A. fumigatus and C. krusei, respectively. Commercial citral showed an antifungal activity similar to that of the citral chemotype (GM-MIC values of 62.5 μg/mL for A. fumigatus and 39.7 μg/mL for C. krusei). Although the citronellal and geraniol were found in lower concentrations in the citral chemotype, they had significant antifungal activity, with GM-MIC values of 49.6 μg/mL for C. krusei and 176.8 μg/mL for A. fumigatus.

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Avaliação da atividade antifúngica dos óleosessencias de Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown(Verbenaceae) e Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.)Stapf (Poaceae)/ Evaluation of antifungal activity of essential oils of Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E.Brown (Verbenaceae) e Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf (Poaceae)

Autores: Cortez, Lúcia Elaine Ranieri; Yamaguchi, Mirian Ueda; Cortez, Diógenes Aparício Garcia; Pesco, Danielle Cristina Sampaio | Ano: 1985 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: A utilização de plantas medicinais é bastante difundida em todo o mundo inclusive no Brasil, onde há grande variedadede espécies e extensa tradição em sua utilização. Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar a atividade antifúngica dos óleosessenciais de Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown (Verbenaceae), e Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf separadamente, bem comoa mistura destes. A obtenção dos óleos essenciais foi realizada a partir de folhas secas, empregando-se a técnica de destilaçãopor arraste a vapor no aparelho de Clevenger por um período de 3 horas, A atividade antifúngica foi determinadapela Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), obtida por técnicas de microdiluição em caldo e Concentração FungicidaMínima (CFM), frente às cepas de Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Candida tropicalis (ATCC 28707) e Candida parapsilosis(ATCC 22019). Através dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que os óleos essenciais de Lippia alba e de Cymbopogon citratusapresentaram atividade antifúngica frente a todas as cepas de Candida, sendo que uma melhor atividade foi observada noóleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus. É visto também que a mistura dos óleos essenciais não potencializou a atividadeantifúngica para os microrganismos testados. Pesquisas futuras serão necessárias para avaliar a interação entre os óleos,bem como determinar quais substâncias específicas são responsáveis por essa atividade.

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Activity of essential oils of Lippia alba chemotypes and their major monoterpenes against phytopathogenic fungi/ Atividade dos óleos essenciais de quimiotipos de Lippia alba e seus monoterpenos majoritários sob fungos fitopatogênicos

Autores: Peixoto, Magna Galvão; Blank, Arie Fitzgerald; Blank, Maria de Fátima Arrigoni; Gagliardi, Paulo Roberto; Melo, Juliana Oliveira de; Nizio, Daniela Aparecida de Castro; Pinto, Vanderson Santos | Ano: 2018 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: This work aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of the essential oils of L. alba belonging to the carvone chemotype (LA-13 and LA-57) and the citral chemotype (LA-10, LA-29, and LA-44); the carvone enantiomers (R)-(-)-carvone and (S)-(+)-carvone; and citral on phytopathogenic fungi Lasiodiplodia theobromae (LT), Fusarium pallidoroseum (FP) and Fusarium solani (FS). Concentrations of 0.01; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.5 and 1.0 mL/100 mL were tested, and the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition (MGI) was calculated after 96h in relation to the control. Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimal Fungicide Concentrations (MFC) were obtained for essential oils and compounds. From the concentration of 0.2 mL/100 mL, all the accessions and carvone enantiomers were effective against the fungus LT, except the accession LA-44, for which the maximum inhibition occurred from the concentration of 0.3 mL/100 mL. Citral was the most effective compound against LT, with 100% of MGI from the concentration of 0.05 mL /100 mL. All accessions and enantiomers caused 100% of MGI against FP fungus from the concentration of 0.2 mL/100 mL. Once again, citral stood out by providing the same result as the other treatments from the concentration of 0.1 mL/100 mL. Considering the fungus FS, carvone enantiomers and citral caused 100% of MGI from the concentration of 0.1 mL/100 mL while all accessions caused 100% of MGI from the concentration of 0.2 mL/100 mL. Citral and carvone enantiomers presented the lowest MIC values (0.1 mL/100 mL) against FS fungus. The MIC of citral for LT and FP were not determined at the concentrations tested. (R)-(-)-carvone enantiomer presented the lowest MIC (0.1 mL/100 mL) for the LT fungus. Most of the other accessions presented MIC of 0.2 mL/100 mL for the three fungi. In relation to the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), citral stood out with values from 0.05 mL/100 mL (LT). Citral and carvone presented the same MFC for FS (0.2 mL / 100 mL). The other accessions showed MFC values from 0.3 mL/100 mL for the three fungi. Essential oils of L. alba accessions, carvone enantiomers, and citral were efficient in phytopathogen control and could be considered as an alternative to fungicides for presenting inhibitory and fungicidal effect against these microorganisms at low concentrations.

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S-(+)- and R-(-)-linalool: a comparison of the in vitro anti-Aeromonas hydrophila activity and anesthetic properties in fish

Autores: SILVA, LENISE L; BALCONI, LUANA S; GRESSLER, LETÍCIA T; GARLET, QUELEN I; SUTILI, FERNANDO J; VARGAS, AGUEDA P C; BALDISSEROTTO, BERNARDO; MOREL, ADEMIR F; HEINZMANN, BERTA M | Ano: 2017 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: ABSTRACT Linalool is the main compound of many essential oils and occurs in two isomeric forms: S-(+)- and R-(-)-linalool. This study aimed to determine if linalool isomers have different antimicrobial and anesthetic properties in fish. For this purpose, these compounds were previously isolated from Lippia alba (Mill.)N. E. Brown and Ocimum americanum L. essential oils. Antimicrobial effects were evaluated through the microdilution test against Aeromonas hydrophila, an important fish disease etiologic agent. Induction time until sedation, anesthesia and recovery time were determined in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) through bath exposure (60, 180, 300 or 500 μL L-1). The results showed different biological properties for the isomers being S-(+)-linalool the only active against A. hydrophila at 3.2 mg mL-1. The sedation was induced without differences between the compounds, however R-(-)-linalool promoted faster anesthesia. There were no differences regarding the recovery time of the animals exposed to the linalool isomers. Although both S-(+)- and R-(-)-linalool can be used for sedative purposes, their use in A. hydrophila infection is inadvisable due to the high effective concentration. Considering anesthesia as the main objective, the R-(-)-linalool demonstrated clear advantages at lower concentration.

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Atividade antimccrobiana de óleos essenciais de plantas medicinais/ Actividad antmiccrobiana de aceites esenciales de plantas medicinaees/ Antimicrbial acttivity of medicinal plant essential oils

Autores: Geromini, Kassia Vanessa Navarro; Roratto, Fernando Brito; Ferreira, Fabio Gomes; Polido, Polyana Barros; Souza, Silvia Graciele Hülse de; Valle, Juliana Silveira do; Colauto, Nelson Barros; Linde, Giani Andrea | Ano: 2012 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana dos óleos essenciais de Lippia alba (erva-cidreira-brasileira), Mentha piperita (hortelã-pimenta), Ocimum gratissimum (alfavaca-cravo) e Rosmarinus officinalis (alecrim) para Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Os óleos essenciais foram obtidos de folhas por hidrodestilação. O rendimento de extração do óleo em mL kg-1 foi de 1,5; 1,9; 2,0 e 2,3 para L. alba; M. piperita; O. gratissimum e R. officinalis, respectivamente. Os micro-organismos foram padronizados a 0,5 na escala McFarland e crescidos em ágar Mueller-Hinton. Discos de papel embebidos nos óleos essenciais foram posicionados na superfície do meio de cultivo e os halos de inibição do crescimento foram medidos. Os óleos essenciais, principalmente de L. alba e O. gratissimum, demonstraram alto potencial inibitório sobre o crescimento dos micro-organismos avaliados, com exceção de P. aeruginosa que apresentou alta resistência à presença dos óleos essenciais.

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Ensayo in vitro de extractos de Lippia graveolens y Lippia alba contra Aeromonas spp aisladas de tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)/ In vitro assay of Lippia graveolens and Lippia alba extracts against Aeromonas spp isolated from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)/ Ensaio in vitro de extratos da Lippia graveolens e Lippia alba sobre Aeromonas spp isolados de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Autores: García-Pérez, Josué; Pérez-Sabino, Juan Francisco; Moreira Sanchez, Yessenia Katerine; Mendoza-Elvira, Susana; Ribeiro da Silva, Antonio; Ulloa-Rojas, Juan B. | Ano: 2022 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Resumen El presente estudio evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana de extractos y aceites esenciales de Lippia graveolens y Lippia alba, frente a nueve cepas de Aeromonas spp., aisladas de Oreochromis niloticus. Los extractos crudos se obtuvieron por la técnica de percolación y a través de la extracción de CO2 supercrítico, mientras que los aceites esenciales se realizaron mediante la técnica de hidrodestilación empleando un equipo Clevenger. La actividad antimicrobiana para cada extracto y aceite esencial se verificó mediante el método de difusión en disco a las 24 horas. El aceite esencial de L. graveolens mostró mayor efectividad para inhibir patógenos bacterianos de peces (100%), en comparación con los extractos. Se obtuvo un diámetro de inhibición que osciló entre 25,20 a 36,94 mm. Los extractos de fluido supercrítico y de la técnica de percolación con acetato de etilo y ciclohexano presentaron la misma efectividad (77,78%). El extracto crudo obtenido con etanol al 95% mostró efecto antimicrobiano limitado (22,22%), presentando el menor halo de inhibición (8,34 y 9,57 mm). Por otro parte, L. alba mostró menor actividad antibacteriana. El aceite esencial inhibió únicamente el 66,67% de las bacterias patógenas, presentando un halo de inhibición que oscila entre 10,68 a 16,29 mm. El resultado de este estudio indica que los aceites esenciales de L. graveolens y L. alba son una alternativa prometedora para el control del crecimiento de Aeromonas spp.

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Antioxidant activity of essential oils from condiment plants and their effect on lactic cultures and pathogenic bacteria/ Atividade antioxidante do óleo essencial de plantas condimentares e efeito sobre culturas lácticas e bactérias patogênicas

Autores: Farias, Paula Karoline Soares; Silva, Júlio César Rodrigues Lopes; Souza, Cintya Neves de; Fonseca, Francine Souza Alves da; Brandi, Igor Viana; Martins, Ernane Ronie; Azevedo, Alcinei Mistico; Almeida, Anna Christina de | Ano: 2019 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: ABSTRACT: Studies about preservative and antioxidant activity of essential oils have been encouraged in recent years, given their importance to food industry. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity of essential oils deriving from Syzygium aromaticum, Cymbopogon citratus and Lippia alba against lactic and pathogenic bacteria responsible for food-borne diseases. Essential oil antibacterial activity was assessed through disc diffusion and macrodilution tests conducted in a mixed lactic culture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus (YF-L903) and of Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 6017) strains. Based on the chromatographic analysis results, the essential oils shown to be composed of eugenol (79.41%) which was the prevalent compound in S. aromaticum, geranial (31.89%), neral (24.52%) and β-myrcene (25.37%) in C. citratus, as well as of geranial (33.80%) and neral (25.63%) in L. alba. The observed antibacterial activity confirmed the dose-dependent effect of these three oils on all the assessed bacteria; there was halo inhibition at concentration 20μL mL-1. The essential oil of S. aromaticum presented better antioxidant activity, with IC50 equal to 5.76μg mL-1 and antioxidant activity index of 6.94, and it was considered strong (AAI>2.0) in comparison to the other evaluated oils. This essential oil also presented excellent antioxidant activity at concentrations lower than the one required to inhibit lactic cultures. Based in this outcome, the essential oil from S. aromaticum can be used as preservative agent in processed food whose formulation presents lactic cultures.

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Chemical composition and antiprotozoal activities of Colombian Lippia spp essential oils and their major components

Autores: Escobar, Patricia; Milena Leal, Sandra; Herrera, Laura Viviana; Martinez, Jairo Rene; Stashenko, Elena | Ano: 2010 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: The chemical composition and biological activities of 19 essential oils and seven of their major components were tested against free and intracellular forms of Leishmania chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi parasites as well as Vero and THP-1 mammalian cell lines. The essential oils were obtained from different species of Lippia, a widely distributed genus of Colombian plants. They were extracted by microwave radiation-assisted hydro-distillation and characterised by GC-FID and GC-MS. The major components were geranial, neral, limonene, nerol, carvacrol, p-cymene, ã-terpinene, carvone and thymol. The essential oil of Lippia alba exhibited the highest activity against T. cruzi epimastigotes and intracellular amastigotes with an IC50 of 5.5 ìg/mL and 12.2 ìg/mL, respectively. The essential oil of Lippia origanoides had an IC50 of 4.4 ìg/mL in L. chagasi promastigotes and exhibited no toxicity in mammalian cells. Thymol (IC50 3.2 ± 0.4 ìg/mL) and S-carvone (IC50 6.1 ± 2.2 ìg/mL), two of the major components of the active essential oils, were active on intracellular amastigotes of T. cruziinfected Vero cells, with a selective index greater than 10. None of the essential oils or major components tested in this study was active on amastigotes of L. chagasi infected THP-1 cells.

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Virucidal activity of Colombian Lippia essential oils on dengue virus replication in vitro.

Autores: Raquel Elvira Ocazionez, Rocio Meneses, Flor Angela Torres, Elena Stashenko | Ano: 2010 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The inhibitory effect of Lippia alba and Lippia citriodora essential oils on dengue virus serotypes replication in vitro was investigated. The cytotoxicity (CC50) was evaluated by the MTT assay and the mode of viral inhibitory effect was investigated with a plaque reduction assay. The virus was treated with the essential oil for 2 h at 37 masculineC before cell adsorption and experiments were conducted to evaluate inhibition of untreated-virus replication in the presence of oil. Antiviral activity was defined as the concentration of essential oil that caused 50% reduction of the virus plaque number (IC50). L. alba oil resulted in less cytotoxicity than L. citriodora oil (CC50: 139.5 vs. 57.6 microg/mL). Virus plaque reduction for all four dengue serotypes was observed by treatment of the virus before adsorption on cell. The IC50 values for L. alba oil were between 0.4-32.6 microg/mL and between 1.9-33.7 microg/mL for L. citriodora oil. No viral inhibitory effect was observed by addition of the essential oil after virus adsorption. The inhibitory effect of the essential oil seems to cause direct virus inactivation before adsorption on host cell.

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Essential oils with insecticidal activity against larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

Autores: Sharon Smith Vera, Diego Fernando Zambrano, Stelia Carolina Méndez-Sanchez, Fernando Rodríguez-Sanabria, Elena E Stashenko, Jonny E Duque Luna | Ano: 2014 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Insecticidal activity of the essential oils (EOs) isolated from Tagetes lucida, Lippia alba, Lippia origanoides, Eucalyptus citriodora, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Citrus sinensis, Swinglea glutinosa, and Cananga odorata aromatic plants, grown in Colombia (Bucaramanga, Santander), and of a mixture of L. alba and L. origanoides EOs were evaluated on Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti Rockefeller larvae. The EOs were extracted by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main components of the EOs were identified using their linear retention indices and mass spectra. The lethal concentrations (LCs) of the EOs were determined between the third and fourth instar of A. aegypti. LC50 was determined by probit analysis using mortality rates of bioassays. All essential oils tested showed insecticidal activity. The following values were obtained for C. flexuosus (LC50 = 17.1 ppm); C. sinensis (LC50 = 20.6 ppm); the mixture of L. alba and L. origanoides (LC50 = 40.1 ppm); L. alba (LC50 = 42.2 ppm); C. odorata (LC50 = 52.9 ppm); L. origanoides (LC50 = 53.3 ppm); S. glutinosa (LC50 = 65.7 ppm); T. lucida (LC50 = 66.2 ppm); E. citriodora (LC50 = 71.2 ppm); and C. citratus (LC50 = 123.3 ppm). The EO from C. flexuosus, with citral (geranial + neral) as main component, showed the highest larvicidal activity.

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Atividade antagonista do óleo essencial de Lippia alba (Mill. ) N. E. Brown (Verbenaceae) sobre Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood/ Antagonist activity of the essential oil Lippia alba (Mill. ) N. E. Brown (Verbenaceae) on Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood

Autores: GONÇALVES, F.J.T.; BARBOSA, F.G.; LIMA, J.S.; COUTINHO, I.B.L.; OLIVEIRA, F.C.; ROCHA, R.R.; ANDRADE NETO, M. | Ano: 2016 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: RESUMO O controle de fitonematóides é uma tarefa difícil. A alta infestação de nematoides no solo obriga os produtores a usarem doses mais elevadas de nematicidas, ou ainda, a aumentarem a freqüência das aplicações, geralmente no solo, ocasionando maior potencial de dano ao homem e ao ambiente. Além disso, nematicidas convencionais vêm sofrendo grandes restrições de uso em muitos países. Desse modo, a busca de novas medidas de controle de fitonematóides é uma prioridade da agricultura sustentável. Desta forma, objetivou-se estudar o efeito de óleos essenciais de Lippia Alba, na mortalidade de juvenis pré-parasitas do segundo estádio de Meloidogyne incognita. O ensaio foi montado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições, em esquema fatorial 3×4 (3 quimiotipos x 4 concentrações) empregando-se três diferentes quimiotipos de L. Alba (I, II, III) nas concentrações de 0, 100, 500 e 1000 ppm, coletados em diferentes horas do dia (7, 9, 13, 16 e 19h). Os dados coletados (% de mortalidade) foram submetidos à análise de variância e os valores médios comparados por meio do teste de Tukey. Foi possível concluir que Lippia alba contém, em seu óleo essencial, compostos com efeitos significativos na mortalidade de juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) de M. incognita. Dessa forma, é importante destacar que o acentuado efeito nematicida do óleo essencial de L. alba sugere a possibilidade de seu uso no controle de M. incognita.

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Virucidal activity of Colombian Lippia essential oils on dengue virus replication in vitro

Autores: Ocazionez, Raquel Elvira; Meneses, Rocio; Torres, Flor Ángela; Stashenko, Elena | Ano: 2010 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: The inhibitory effect of Lippia alba and Lippia citriodora essential oils on dengue virus serotypes replication in vitro was investigated. The cytotoxicity (CC50) was evaluated by the MTT assay and the mode of viral inhibitory effect was investigated with a plaque reduction assay. The virus was treated with the essential oil for 2 h at 37ºC before cell adsorption and experiments were conducted to evaluate inhibition of untreated-virus replication in the presence of oil. Antiviral activity was defined as the concentration of essential oil that caused 50 percent reduction of the virus plaque number (IC50). L. alba oil resulted in less cytotoxicity than L. citriodora oil (CC50: 139.5 vs. 57.6 μg/mL). Virus plaque reduction for all four dengue serotypes was observed by treatment of the virus before adsorption on cell. The IC50 values for L. alba oil were between 0.4-32.6 μg/mL and between 1.9-33.7 μg/mL for L. citriodora oil. No viral inhibitory effect was observed by addition of the essential oil after virus adsorption. The inhibitory effect of the essential oil seems to cause direct virus inactivation before adsorption on host cell.

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Óleo essencial das folhas do quimiotipo II de Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown: mecanismo deação antimicrobiano em staphylococcus aureus e atividade cicatrizante

Autores: Teixeira, Andréa Bessa | Ano: 2016 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: A Lippia alba é uma planta medicinal muito utilizada pela população brasileira para o tratamento de diversas doenças. A composição química de seu óleo essencial apresent avariação quantitativa e qualitativa, classificando em quimiotipos. No Ceará, o quimiotipo II é reconhecido pelo óleo essencial de L. alba (OELaII) conter elevados teores de limoneno e citral. A cicatrização de feridas envolve eventos celulares e moleculares que interagem para que ocorra a reconstituição do tecido. A contaminação bacteriana, principalmente por S.aureus, é um dos principais fatores que afeta a cicatrização. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar o mecanismo de ação do OELaII sobre S. aureus e sua atividade cicatrizante. O mecanismo de ação foi avaliado através de alterações da membrana, na morfologia bacterianae na inibição de fatores de virulência. A ação cicatrizante foi determinada in vivo em modelo experimental de feridas cutâneas através da área da ferida, da contração, da análise clínica,histopatológica e microbiológica. O mecanismo de ação do OELaII sobre S. aureus ocorreu por ação direta no envoltório celular comprovada pela alteração irreversível na permeabilidade da membrana citoplasmática, pois os resultados mostraram aumento dacaptação de cristal violeta, liberação de ácidos nucleicos e efluxo de potássio, bem comodanos na parede bacteriana visualizado por Microscopia de Força Atômica......

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Essential oil of Lippia alba and its main constituent citral block the excitability of rat sciatic nerves

Autores: Sousa, DG; Sousa, SDG; Silva, RER; Silva-Alves, KS; Ferreira-da-Silva, FW; Kerntopf, MR; Menezes, IRA; Leal-Cardoso, JH; Barbosa, R | Ano: 2015 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Lippia alba is empirically used for infusions, teas, macerates, and hydroalcoholic extracts because of its antispasmodic, analgesic, sedative, and anxiolytic effects. Citral is a mixture of trans-geranial and cis-neral and is the main constituent of L. alba essential oil and possesses analgesic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and sedative effects. The present study evaluated the effects of the essential oil of L. alba (EOLa) and citral on compound action potentials (CAPs) in Wistar rat sciatic nerves. Both drugs inhibited CAP in a concentration-dependent manner. The calculated half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of peak-to-peak amplitude were 53.2 µg/mL and 35.00 µg/mL (or 230 µM) for EOLa and citral, respectively. Peak-to-peak amplitude of the CAP was significantly reduced by 30 µg/mL EOLa and 10 µg/mL citral. EOLa and citral (at 60 and 30 µg/mL, values close to their respective IC50 for CAP blockade) significantly increased chronaxy and rheobase. The conduction velocity of the first and second CAP components was statistically reduced to ∼86% of control with 10 µg/mL EOLa and ∼90% of control with 3 µg/mL citral. This study showed that EOLa inhibited nerve excitability and this effect can be explained by the presence of citral in its composition. Both EOLa and citral showed inhibitory actions at lower concentrations compared with other essential oils and constituents with local anesthetic activity. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that EOLa and citral are promising agents in the development of new drugs with local anesthetic activity.

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Chromatographic and mass spectrometric characterization of essential oils and extracts from Lippia (Verbenaceae) aromatic plants.

Autores: Elena E Stashenko, Jairo R Martínez, Mónica P Cala, Diego C Durán, Deyanira Caballero | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Analytical methodologies based on GC and HPLC were developed for the separation and quantification of carnosic acid, ursolic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, and pinocembrin. These methods were used to characterize essential oils and extracts obtained by solvent (methanol) and by supercritical fluid (CO(2)) extraction from stems and leaves of Lippia (Verbenaceae family) aromatic plants (Lippia alba, Lippia origanoides, Lippia micromera, Lippia americana, Lippia graveolens, and Lippia citriodora). Supercritical CO(2) extraction isolated solely pinocembrin and narigenin from three L. origanoides chemotypes. Solvent extracts possessed a more varied composition that additionally included apigenin, quercetin, and luteolin. Solvent extraction afforded higher overall flavonoid yields from all species in comparison with supercritical CO(2) extraction. Pinocembrin was determined in L. origanoides extract at a concentration of 30 mg/g of plant material, which is more than ten times higher than the amount at which polyphenols are regularly found in aromatic plant extracts.

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In vitro conservation and leaf anatomy of different chemotypes of Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. BR/ Conservação in vitro e anatomia foliar de diferentes quimiotipios de Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. BR

Autores: Peixoto, Magna Galvão; Oliveira, Ana Catarina Lima de; Blank, Arie Fitzgerald; Silva, Jefferson Henrique Santos; Luz, José Magno Queiroz; Arrigoni-Blank, Maria de Fátima | Ano: 2017 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: The aim of this work was to develop an in vitro conservation protocol for Lippia alba that involved mineral oil and to study the leaf anatomy of L. alba genotypes in in vitro and ex vitro environments. In vitro conservation involved five genotypes; LA-13 and LA-57 (carvone chemotype); LA-22 (linalool chemotype); and LA-29 and LA-44 (citral chemotype). Each genotype was treated with mineral oil, with water, and a control at 18°C and 23°C. Survival (%), shoot height (cm) and leaf color were assessed at 180 and 270 days. The genotypes with the best in vitro conservation outcomes (LA-13 and LA-57) were used to study the anatomy of the leaves. Midrib thickness, leaf blade thickness, adaxial and abaxial cuticles and the number of glandular and tector trichomes were assessed. A temperature of 18°C was optimal for the conservation of genotypes of the carvone chemotypes. The explants were short and had green leaves. This was especially true for LA-57, whose height did not exceed 2.0 cm. At 270 days, the LA-13 and LA-57 genotypes continued to have green and viable leaves, especially LA-57, which had the lowest mean height. Field plants of the carvone chemotype had thicker midribs, leaf blades, and cuticles and had more trichomes. The LA-57 genotype had the most glandular and tector trichomes.

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Physiological responses of Rhamdia quelen (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) to anesthesia with essential oils from two different chemotypes of Lippia alba

Autores: Souza, Carine de Freitas; Baldissera, Matheus Dellaméa; Salbego, Joseânia; Lopes, Jane Mello; Vaucher, Rodrigo de Almeida; Mourão, Rosa Helena Veras; Caron, Braulio O; Heinzmann, Berta Maria; Silva, Lenise Vargas Flôres da; Baldisserotto, Bernardo | Ano: 2017 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: The aim of this study was to evaluate if Lippia alba has different chemotypes according to the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) considering collection site, and if the EO may have different effects on blood and plasma parameters in silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen, during and immediately after anesthesia. The citral (EO-C) and linalool (EO-L) chemotypes were identified, and both presented similar anesthetic effects for silver catfish. Fish were exposed to two concentrations of each EO, which induced slow and fast anesthesia (100 and 300 µL L-1, respectively). Blood ions did not change at any time of anesthesia induction and recovery and, therefore, the electrolyte balance was not altered. Blood gases oscillated through all exposure and recovery times, but there was an increase in pO2 after 10 min recovery in fish anesthetized with EO-C. Glucose increased in fish exposed to both EOs when compared with the control group. Overall, exposure to both EOs (except 100 µL L-1 EO-L at most times) reduced plasma cortisol levels compared to the control and/or ethanol groups. However, as plasma creatinine levels in fish anesthetized with EO-C were higher than control fish, the use of EO-L is preferable.(AU)

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Participation of the GABAergic system in the anesthetic effect of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown essential oil

Autores: Heldwein, C.G.; Silva, L.L.; Reckziegel, P.; Barros, F.M.C.; Bürger, M.E.; Baldisserotto, B.; Mallmann, C.A.; Schmidt, D.; Caron, B.O.; Heinzmann, B.M. | Ano: 2012 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: The objective of this study was to identify the possible involvement of the GABAergic system in the anesthetic effect of Lippia alba essential oil (EO). We propose a new animal model using silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) exposed to an anesthetic bath to study the mechanism of action of EO. To observe the induction and potentiation of the anesthetic effect of EO, juvenile silver catfish (9.30 ± 1.85 g; 10.15 ± 0.95 cm; N = 6) were exposed to various concentrations of L. alba EO in the presence or absence of diazepam [an agonist of high-affinity binding sites for benzodiazepinic (BDZ) sites coupled to the GABA A receptor complex]. In another experiment, fish (N = 6) were initially anesthetized with the EO and then transferred to an anesthetic-free aquarium containing flumazenil (a selective antagonist of binding sites for BDZ coupled to the GABA A receptor complex) or water to assess recovery time from the anesthesia. In this case, flumazenil was used to observe the involvement of the GABA-BDZ receptor in the EO mechanism of action. The results showed that diazepam potentiates the anesthetic effect of EO at all concentrations tested. Fish exposed to diazepam and EO showed faster recovery from anesthesia when flumazenil was added to the recovery bath (12.0 ± 0.3 and 7.2 ± 0.7, respectively) than those exposed to water (9.2 ± 0.2 and 3.5 ± 0.3, respectively). In conclusion, the results demonstrated the involvement of the GABAergic system in the anesthetic effect of L. alba EO on silver catfish.

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Anxiolytic effects of repeated treatment with an essential oil from Lippia alba and (R)-(-)-carvone in the elevated T-maze

Autores: Hatano, V. Y; Torricelli, A. S; Giassi, A. C. C; Coslope, L. A; Viana, M. B | Ano: 2012 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown (Verbenaceae) is widely used in different regions of Central and South America as a tranquilizer. The plant’s anxiolytic properties, however, merit investigation. The present study evaluated the effects of repeated daily (14 days) intraperitoneal (ip) treatment with an essential oil (EO) from a chemotype of L. alba (LA, chemotype II, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg; N = 6-8) and (R)-(-)-carvone (25 mg/kg; N = 8-12), the main constituent of this chemotype, on male Wistar rats (weighing 250 g at the beginning of the experiments) submitted to the elevated T-maze (ETM). The ETM allows the measurement of two defensive responses: inhibitory avoidance and one-way escape. In terms of psychopathology, these responses have been related to generalized anxiety and panic disorder, respectively. Treatment with the EO impaired ETM avoidance latencies, without altering escape, in a way similar to the reference drug diazepam (P < 0.05) (avoidance 2: control = 84.6 ± 35.2; EO 12.5 mg/kg = 11.8 ± 3.8; EO 25 mg/kg = 14.6 ± 2.7; diazepam = 7 ± 2.1). (R)-(-)-carvone also significantly altered this same response (P < 0.05; avoidance 1: control = 91.9 ± 31.5; carvone = 11.6 ± 1.8; diazepam = 8.1 ± 3.3). These results were not due to motor changes since no significant effects were detected in an open field. These observations suggest that LA exerts anxiolytic-like effects on a specific subset of defensive behaviors that have been implicated in generalized anxiety disorder, and suggest that carvone is one of the constituents of LA responsible for its action as a tranquilizer.

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Efficacy of 11 Brazilian essential oils on lethality of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.

Autores: Ana Carolina de Souza Chagas, Márcia Cristina de Sena Oliveira, Rodrigo Giglioti, Raul Costa Mascarenhas Santana, Humberto Ribeiro Bizzo, Paola Ervatti Gama, Francisco Celio Maia Chaves | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Herbal extracts have been investigated as an alternative for parasite control, aiming to slow the development of resistance and to obtain low-cost biodegradable parasiticides. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, in vitro, of 11 essential oils from Brazil on reproductive efficiency and lethality of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The effects of oils extracted from Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Lippia alba, Lippia gracilis, Lippia origanoides, Lippia sidoides, Mentha arvensis, Mentha piperita, Croton cajucara (white and red), and Croton sacaquinha on ticks were investigated by the Immersion Test with Engorged Females (ITEF) and the modified Larval Packet Test (LPT). Distilled water and 2% Tween 80 were used as control treatments. Chemical analysis of the oils was done with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Analysis of the in vitro tests using Probit (SAS program) allowed the calculation of lethal concentrations (LCs). Lower reproductive efficiency indexes and higher efficacy percentages in the ITEF were obtained with the oils extracted from C. longa (24 and 71%, respectively) and M. arvensis oils (27 and 73%, respectively). Lower LC50 was reached with C. longa (10.24 mg/mL), L. alba (10.78 mg/mL), M. arvensis (22.31 mg/mL), L. sidoides (27.67 mg/mL), and C. sacaquinha (29.88 mg/mL) oils. In the LPT, species from Zingiberaceae and Verbenaceae families caused 100% lethality at 25 mg/mL, except for L. sidoides. The most effective oils were from C. longa, L. gracilis, L. origanoides, L. alba, and Z. officinale. The LC50 and LC90 were, respectively: 0.54 and 1.80 mg/mL, 3.21 and 7.03 mg/mL, 3.10 and 8.44 mg/mL, 5.85 and 11.14 mg/mL, and 7.75 and 13.62 mg/mL. The efficacy was directly related to the major components in each essential oil, and the oils derived from Croton genus presented the worst performance, suggesting the absence of synergistic effect among its compounds. Since C. longa, containing 62% turmerone, was the one most efficient against ticks, this compound may be potentially used for tick control, but further research is needed, especially to assess toxicity of these compounds to the host. These new studies, together with the results presented here, may provide a strong rationale for designing pre-clinical and clinical studies with these agents.

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The essential oil from Lippia alba induces biochemical stress in the silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after transportation

Autores: Salbego, Joseânia; Becker, Alexssandro G; Gonçalves, Jamile F; Menezes, Charlene C; Heldwein, Clarissa G; Spanevello, Rosélia M; Loro, Vania L; Schetinger, Maria Rosa C; Morsch, Vera M; Heinzmann, Berta M; Baldisserotto, Bernardo | Ano: 2014 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: This study investigated the effects of the essential oil (EO) from Lippia alba on biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress in the brain and liver of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after six hours of transport. Fish were transported in plastic bags and divided into three treatments groups: control, 30 µL L- 1 EO from L.alba and 40 µL L-1 EO from L.alba. Prior to transport, the fish were treated with the EO from L. alba (200 µL L -1 for three minutes), except for the control group. Fish transported in bags containing the EO did not have any alterations in acetylcholinesterase, ecto -nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase and 5'nucleotidase activity in the brain or superoxide dismutase activity in the liver. The hepatic catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), nonprotein thiol and ascorbic acid levels were significantly lower compared to the control group. However, the hepatic thiobarbituric acid- reactive substances, protein oxidation levels and the lipid peroxidation/catalase+glutathione peroxidase (LPO/CAT+GPx) ratio were significantly higher in fish transported with both concentrations of the EO, indicating oxidative stress in the liver. In conclusion, considering the hepatic oxidative stress parameters analyzed in the present experiment, the transport of previously sedated silver catfish in water containing 30 or 40 µL L-1 of EO from L. alba is less effective than the use of lower concentrations.

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Enhancement of Shelf Life of Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Higher Basidiomycetes) by Fumigant Application of Lippia alba Essential Oil.

Autores: Pratima Vishwakarma, Abhay K Pandey, Priyanka Mishra, Pooja Singh, N N Tripathi | Ano: 2015 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Eleven essential oils isolated from higher plant species were assessed against the four isolates of Verticillium fungicola found on fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus. Eucalyptus citriodora and Lippia alba oils were more efficacious and completely inhibited the mycelial growth of fungal isolates. L. alba oil was fungistatic and fungicidal at 10- and 20-µL concentrations against all of the isolates, respectively, and was more potent than E. citriodora oil as well as some prevalent synthetic fungicides such as benomyl, ethylene dibromide, and phosphine. Eighty microliters of L. alba oil protected 500 g of fruiting bodies of A. bisporus for up to 7 d from infection of the fungus under in vivo conditions. The findings strengthen the possibility of L. alba oil as a plant-based protectant to enhance the shelf life of A. bisporus fruiting bodies.

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Enhancement of Shelf Life of Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Higher Basidiomycetes) by Fumigant Application of Lippia alba Essential Oil.

Autores: Pratima Vishwakarma, Abhay K Pandey, Priyanka Mishra, Pooja Singh, N N Tripathi | Ano: 2015 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Eleven essential oils isolated from higher plant species were assessed against the four isolates of Verticillium fungicola found on fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus. Eucalyptus citriodora and Lippia alba oils were more efficacious and completely inhibited the mycelial growth of fungal isolates. L. alba oil was fungistatic and fungicidal at 10- and 20-µL concentrations against all of the isolates, respectively, and was more potent than E. citriodora oil as well as some prevalent synthetic fungicides such as benomyl, ethylene dibromide, and phosphine. Eighty microliters of L. alba oil protected 500 g of fruiting bodies of A. bisporus for up to 7 d from infection of the fungus under in vivo conditions. The findings strengthen the possibility of L. alba oil as a plant-based protectant to enhance the shelf life of A. bisporus fruiting bodies.

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Identificación de quimiotipos cineol, carvona por cromatografía de capa fina, con determinación del rendimiento porcentual del aceite esencial de planta juanilama (Lippia alba) obtenidas en Estelí y Rivas, Nicaragua, en el período de abril a diciembre, 2013/ Identification of cineol, carvone chemotypes by thin-layer chromatography, with determination of the percentage yield of the essential oil of the juanilama plant (Lippia alba) obtained in Estelí and Rivas, Nicaragua, from April to December, 2013

Autores: Mayorga Vílchez, Tania Vanessa; Vargas Pizarro, Yanoxi Alberto | Ano: 2014 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: La utilización de las plantas aromáticas en la medicina natural tiene sus orígenes en lo más remoto de la historia. Nicaragua posee una amplia variedad de hierbas aromáticas entre ellas: juanilama. La juanilama pertenece a la familia Verbenácea es un arbusto aromático de 1 a 2 metros de alto, la cual crece en laderas, orillas de camino y riveras de los ríos. Los Aceites esenciales que posee la juanilama son compuestos odoríferos naturales, los cuales contienen una variedad de quimiotipos que varían en dependencia de los factores geográficos. Entre ellos se encuentran: cineol y carvona, ambos pertenecen al grupo de monoterpenoides y se les atribuye las propiedades farmacológicas antimicrobiana y expectorante. La Mayor cantidad de aceite esencial de dicha planta está presente en las hojas. Para su adecuada extracción se utilizó el método de hidrodestilación a través del equipo Clevenger y así poder determinar el rendimiento porcentual que posee la planta juanilama. Para la identificación de los quimiotipos cineol y carvona se realizó la aplicación del método cualitativo de cromatografía de capa fina. Las plantas juanilama de las regiones de Rivas y Estelí en Nicaragua presentan variabilidad en el contenido de su rendimiento porcentual. Además en su composición química contiene los quimiotipos cineol y carvona.

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Influência do horário de colheita sobre o rendimento e composição do óleo essencial de erva-cidreira brasileira [Lippia alba (Mill. ) N. E. Br. ]/ Influence of harvest time on the yield and composition of essential oil from the Brazilian erva-cidreira" [Lippia alba (Mill. ) N. E. Br. ]"

Autores: Ehlert, P. A. D; Ming, L. C; Marques, M. O. M; Fenandes, D. M; Rocha, W. A; Luz, J. M. Q; Silva, R. F | Ano: 2013 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se o horário de colheita da erva-cidreira brasileira [Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br.], fenotipo carvona-limoneno, tem influência sobre a produção de massa foliar, rendimento e composição do óleo essencial. Foram avaliados cinco horários de colheita quando a cultura estava com 145 dias desde o transplante: 8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00 e 16:00 h com cinco repetições, distribuídos em blocos casualizados. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado da FCA-UNESP/Botucatu no Setor de Horticultura do Departamento de Produção Vegetal. A colheita foi realizada a 15 cm da superfície do solo e o óleo essencial obtido através de hidrodestilação, em aparelho tipo Clevenger. Levou-se em consideração os fatores agronômicos e o rendimento obtido por hidrodestilação. O óleo essencial foi analisado em cromatógrafo gasoso acoplado a espectrômetro de massas (CG/EM). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (Teste F) e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Não houve diferença estatística para produção de massa foliar, teor de óleo essencial e produtividade de óleo essencial em massa fresca e seca. No entanto, entre os compostos majoritários do óleo essencial das folhas, carvona e limoneno, a melhor produtividade de carvona foi obtida às 10:00 h, em matéria fresca (2,050 L ha-1) e em matéria seca (2,068 L ha-1), e para o limoneno às 16:00 h, em matéria fresca (1,068 L ha-1) e em matéria seca (1,060 L ha-1).

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Growth Inhibition of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Produced Water from the Petroleum Industry Using Essential Oils.

Autores: Pamella Macedo de Souza, Fátima Regina de Vasconcelos Goulart, Joana Montezano Marques, Humberto Ribeiro Bizzo, Arie Fitzgerald Blank, Claudia Groposo, Maíra Paula de Sousa, Vanessa Vólaro, Celuta Sales Alviano, Daniela Sales Alviano Moreno, Lucy Seldin | Ano: 2017 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Strategies for the control of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the oil industry involve the use of high concentrations of biocides, but these may induce bacterial resistance and/or be harmful to public health and the environment. Essential oils (EO) produced by plants inhibit the growth of different microorganisms and are a possible alternative for controlling SRB. We aimed to characterize the bacterial community of produced water obtained from a Brazilian petroleum facility using molecular methods, as well as to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of EO from different plants and their major components against Desulfovibrio alaskensis NCIMB 13491 and against SRB growth directly in the produced water. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of the genera Pelobacter and Marinobacterium, Geotoga petraea, and the SRB Desulfoplanes formicivorans in our produced water samples. Sequencing of dsrA insert-containing clones confirmed the presence of sequences related to D. formicivorans. EO obtained from Citrus aurantifolia, Lippia alba LA44 and Cymbopogon citratus, as well as citral, linalool, eugenol and geraniol, greatly inhibited (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 78 µg/mL) the growth of D. alaskensis in a liquid medium. The same MIC was obtained directly in the produced water with EO from L. alba LA44 (containing 82% citral) and with pure citral. These findings may help to control detrimental bacteria in the oil industry.

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Insecticidal and Repellent Activity of Several Plant-Derived Essential Oils Against Aedes aegypti.

Autores: Ruth M Castillo, Elena Stashenko, Jonny E Duque | Ano: 2017 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: We examined the pupicidal, adulticidal, repellent, and oviposition-deterrent activities of essential oils (EOs) from Lippia alba, L. origanoides, Eucalyptus citriodora, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Citrus sinensis , Cananga odorata , Swinglea glutinosa, and Tagetes lucida plants against Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. Pupicidal and adulticidal activities were assessed at exploratory concentrations of 250, 310, and 390 parts per million (ppm); and 30, 300, and 1,000 ppm, respectively. The greatest pupicidal activity was exhibited at 390 ppm with a 24-h exposure by L. origanoides, and 390 ppm with a 48-h exposure by Citrus sinensis . Lippia origanoides killed all adult mosquitoes at 300 ppm after 120 min of exposure. Only L. origanoides and E. citriodora EOs, applied at 1,000 ppm to human skin, produced the greatest repellency (100%) to host-seeking Ae. aegypti after 2 min of exposure; the repellency decreased between 12% and 10% after 15 min. Complete oviposition deterrence by gravid Ae. aegypti was observed for E. citriodora EOs at 200 ppm with an oviposition activity index of -1.00. These results confirm that the EOs assessed in this study have insecticidal, repellent, and oviposition-deterrent activities against the dengue vector, Ae. aegypti.

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Insecticidal and Repellent Activity of Several Plant-Derived Essential Oils Against Aedes aegypti.

Autores: Ruth M Castillo, Elena Stashenko, Jonny E Duque | Ano: 2017 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: We examined the pupicidal, adulticidal, repellent, and oviposition-deterrent activities of essential oils (EOs) from Lippia alba, L. origanoides, Eucalyptus citriodora, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Citrus sinensis , Cananga odorata , Swinglea glutinosa, and Tagetes lucida plants against Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. Pupicidal and adulticidal activities were assessed at exploratory concentrations of 250, 310, and 390 parts per million (ppm); and 30, 300, and 1,000 ppm, respectively. The greatest pupicidal activity was exhibited at 390 ppm with a 24-h exposure by L. origanoides, and 390 ppm with a 48-h exposure by Citrus sinensis . Lippia origanoides killed all adult mosquitoes at 300 ppm after 120 min of exposure. Only L. origanoides and E. citriodora EOs, applied at 1,000 ppm to human skin, produced the greatest repellency (100%) to host-seeking Ae. aegypti after 2 min of exposure; the repellency decreased between 12% and 10% after 15 min. Complete oviposition deterrence by gravid Ae. aegypti was observed for E. citriodora EOs at 200 ppm with an oviposition activity index of -1.00. These results confirm that the EOs assessed in this study have insecticidal, repellent, and oviposition-deterrent activities against the dengue vector, Ae. aegypti.

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Anesthetic potential of the essential oils of Lippia alba and Lippia origanoides in Tambaqui juveniles/ Potencial anestésico do óleo essencial de Lippia Alba e Lippia origanoides em juvenis de Tambaqui

Autores: Silva, Hugo Napoleão Pereira da; Carvalho, Brenna Celina Ferreira de; Maia, Janna Laely dos Santos; Becker, Alexssandro Geferson; Baldisserotto, Bernardo; Heinzmann, Berta Maria; Mourão, Rosa Helena Veras; Silva, Lenise Vargas Flores da | Ano: 2019 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the anesthetic effect of the essential oils (EOs) of Lippia alba (citral and linalool chemotypes, EOLA-C and EOLA-L respectively) and Lippia origanoides (chemotype carvacrol, EOLO-Ca) on tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles. The tested concentrations of the L. alba and L. origanoides EOs were: 25, 50, 100, and 200 μL/L. Time required to reach the stages of sedation, deep anesthesia, and recovery, as well as ventilatory frequency, were monitored for each EO concentration. The results indicated that all EO concentrations tested induced tambaqui anesthesia and that the ventilatory frequency was altered by the EOs. L. origanoides showed the shortest time to induce sedation and anesthesia, but had long recovery times. L. alba EO (citral 100 μL/L and linalool 200 μL/L) can be used to efficiently anaesthetise tambaqui juveniles with an efficient recovery.

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The antimicrobial efficacy of Lippia alba essential oil and its interaction with food ingredients

Autores: Machado, Terezinha Feitosa; Nogueira, Nádia Accioly P.; Pereira, Rita de Cássia Alves; Sousa, Cívita Teixeira de; Batista, ValériaChaves Vasconcelos | Ano: 2014 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Lippia alba essential oil (EOLa) and to investigate the effect of food ingredients on its efficacy. The antimicrobial potential of the oil was determined by the presence or absence of inhibition zones, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella choleraesuis and Staphylococcus aureus. The effect of food ingredients and the pH on the antimicrobial efficacy of oil was assessed by monitoring the maximum growth rate of Listeria monocytogenes in model media. The model media included potato starch (0, 1, 5 or 10%), beef extract (1, 5, 3, 6 or 12%), sunflower oil (0, 5 or 10%) and TSB broth at pH levels of 4, 5, 6 or 7. The EOLa showed efficacy at all concentrations (50%, 25%, 6.25%, 3%, 1.5%, 0.8%, 0.4% and 0.2%) evaluated, against all bacterial species, Gram-positive and Gram-negative. The antimicrobial efficacy of EO was found to be a function of ingredient manipulation. Proteins and lipids had a negative impact on the oil effectiveness, indicating the protective action of both on the microbial specie tested. On the contrary, at the highest concentration of starch (10%), the lower rate growth of L. monocytogenes was detected, therefore indicating a positive effect of carbohydrates on the oil effectivenes. Regarding the pH, the studies showed that the rate of microbial growth increased with increasing pH. It was concluded that the use of EOLa is more effective control pathogenic and spoilage bacteria when applied to starchy foods under an acidic pH.

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Fungicidal potential of essential oils in control of Fusarium spp. and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum/ Potencial fungicida de óleos essenciais no controle de Fusarium spp. e Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Autores: Fontana, Daniele Cristina; Schmidt, Denise; Kulczynski, Stela Maris; Caron, Braulio Otomar; Pretto, Matheus Milani; Mariotto, Axel Bruno; Santos, Jullie dos; Holz, Evandro | Ano: 2020 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: The use of highly toxic pesticides to control soil pathogens, such as Fusarium spp. and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum has generated concern, due to the irreversible impacts caused on the environment, in addition to selecting resistant isolates. In this way, essential oils appear as an efficient alternative in control of diseases. Facing the problem of soil pathogens control and high antimicrobial fungicide that essential oils present, this work aimed to evaluate the in vitro fungicidal potential of essential oils in control of Fusarium spp. and S. sclerotiorum. A completely randomized design, factorial scheme 2×4×8 was used, with two isolates (Fusarium spp. and S. sclerotiorum), four essential oils (Aloysia citriodora, Cymbopogon winterianus, Lippia alba and Ocimum americanum), eight essential oil concentrations (0.0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1.0; 1.2 and 1.4 ?L·mL-1), and ten replicates. The essential oils inhibited mycelial growth of the fungi in different concentrations, being their potential justified by the presence of antifungal chemical compounds. Essential oils of A. citriodora, C. winterianus, L. alba and O. americanum present high fungicidal potential, being viable alternatives for formulation of commercial products, boosting the pesticides industry.(AU)

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Essential oil of Lippia alba in the transport of Nile tilapia/ Óleo essencial de Lippia alba no transporte de tilápia-do-Nilo

Autores: Hohlenwerger, Janis Cumming; Baldisserotto, Bernardo; Couto, Ricardo David; Heinzmann, Berta Maria; Silva, Daniela Thomas da; Caron, Braulio Otomar; Schmidt, Denise; Copatti, Carlos Eduardo | Ano: 2017 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: ABSTRACT: This study aimed to examine the action of the essential oil of Lippia alba (EOLA) in the stress response for transport of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus . The fish were transported into three treatments (in triplicate): control, 10 and 20 µL L-1 EOLA, with loading density of 15 fish/plastic bags for 8h. Plasma glucose levels were significantly decreased in fish exposed to 20µL L-1 EOLA in comparison with the control group and fish exposed to 10µL L-1 EOLA, but the plasma cortisol, lactate and paraoxonase levels were similar. Un-ionized ammonia and ventilatory rate demonstrated a significant reduction in the treatments with the use of EOLA. In conclusion the use of 20µL L-1 EOLA is indicated for Nile tilapia transport.

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Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst.

Autores: Karina Caballero-Gallardo, Jesús Olivero-Verbel, Elena E Stashenko | Ano: 2011 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: A tool for integrated pest management is the use of essential oils (EOs) and plant extracts. In this study, EOs from Tagetes lucida , Lepechinia betonicifolia , Lippia alba , Cananga odorata , and Rosmarinus officinalis , species grown in Colombia, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These oils as well as several of their constituents were tested for repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum , using the area preference method. The main components (>10%) found in EOs were methylchavicol, limonene/α-pinene, carvone/limonene, benzyl acetate/linalool/benzyl benzoate, and α-pinene, for T. lucida, L. betonicifolia, L. alba, C. odorata, and R. officinalis, respectively. All EOs were repellent, followed a dose-response relationship, and had bioactivity similar to or better than that of commercial compound IR3535. EOs from C. odorata and L. alba were the most active. Compounds from EOs, such benzyl benzoate, β-myrcene, and carvone, showed good repellent properties. In short, EOs from plants cultivated in Colombia are sources of repellents against T. castaneum.

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Toxicity of the essential oil of the cytral chemotype of Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown

Autores: Olivero-Verbel, Jesús; Guerrero-Castilla, Angélica; Stashenko, Elena | Ano: 2010 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: The essential oil (EO) of Lippiaalba (Mill.) N. E. Brown (Verbenaceae) has been traditionally used to treat several diseases. In this study, the acute toxic effects of the citral chemotype of L. alba EO were evaluated in mice. Animals were treated via intraperitoneal receiving the L. alba essential oil at doses between 50 and 2500 mg/kg, and the control group received sesame oil (vehicle). The EO induced dose-dependent neurotoxic effects at doses greater than 1000 mg/kg, including decreased locomotion, motor skills and muscle strength, hypotonia, dyspnea, kyphosis and convulsions. The EO was lethal at a dose of 2500 mg/kg. Animals receiving 1000 mg/kg were euthanized at the end of the treatment period and their blood and livers were collected for analysis. Mice exposed to L. alba EOpresented significantly greater plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities than the control group. Liver histological changes included mild inflammation, in particular, an increase in nuclear size. Compared to vehicle control group, changes in expressionfor selected genes were significant for FABP5, a fatty acid transport related gene. In summary, the intraperitoneal administration of L. alba EO (citral chemotype) causes neurological damage in mice at doses equal or greater than 1500 mg/kg, whereas at 1000 mg/kg, it generates mild liver damage. Therefore, the systemic use of this EO raises concerns about its safety.

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