PATCHOULI

Acaricidal activity of DHEMH, derived from patchouli oil, against house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae.

Autores: Hai-Qiang Wu, Li Li, Jing Li, Zhen-Dan He, Zhi-Gang Liu, Qing-Qian Zeng, Yu-Sheng Wang | Ano: 2012 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study characterized the acaricidal activity of constituents of patchouli oil extracted from (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) BENTH) against the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae. A new compound, 2-(1,3-dihydroxy-but-2-enylidene)-6-methyl-3-oxo-heptanoic acid (DHEMH), was isolated from patchouli oil and characterized by (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, LC-MS and elemental analysis (EA). This active component was identified as the hydrolysate of pogostone. Fifteen other constituents found in patchouli oil were also identified by GC-MS, including patchouli alcohol and pogostone. LD(50) studies carried out over 24 h using contact toxicity tests identified DHEMH as the most toxic compound to D. farinae (2.04 μg/cm(2)), followed by patchouli oil (6.11 μg/cm(2)), benzyl benzoate (BP) (9.31 μg/cm(2)) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) (58.52 μg/cm(2)). In vapor phase toxicity tests, all of these compounds were more effective in closed than open containers, indicating that the most efficient mode of delivery for these compounds is the vapor phase. These results indicate that DHEMH and patchouli oil merit further study as potential agents for the control of D. farinae.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Acaricidal activity of DHEMH, derived from patchouli oil, against house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae.

Autores: Hai-Qiang Wu, Li Li, Jing Li, Zhen-Dan He, Zhi-Gang Liu, Qing-Qian Zeng, Yu-Sheng Wang | Ano: 2012 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study characterized the acaricidal activity of constituents of patchouli oil extracted from (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) BENTH) against the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae. A new compound, 2-(1,3-dihydroxy-but-2-enylidene)-6-methyl-3-oxo-heptanoic acid (DHEMH), was isolated from patchouli oil and characterized by (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, LC-MS and elemental analysis (EA). This active component was identified as the hydrolysate of pogostone. Fifteen other constituents found in patchouli oil were also identified by GC-MS, including patchouli alcohol and pogostone. LD(50) studies carried out over 24 h using contact toxicity tests identified DHEMH as the most toxic compound to D. farinae (2.04 μg/cm(2)), followed by patchouli oil (6.11 μg/cm(2)), benzyl benzoate (BP) (9.31 μg/cm(2)) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) (58.52 μg/cm(2)). In vapor phase toxicity tests, all of these compounds were more effective in closed than open containers, indicating that the most efficient mode of delivery for these compounds is the vapor phase. These results indicate that DHEMH and patchouli oil merit further study as potential agents for the control of D. farinae.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Prevention of UV radiation-induced cutaneous photoaging in mice by topical administration of patchouli oil.

Autores: Rong-Feng Lin, Xue-Xuan Feng, Chu-Wen Li, Xiao-Jun Zhang, Xiu-Ting Yu, Jiu-Yao Zhou, Xie Zhang, You-Liang Xie, Zi-Ren Su, Janis Ya-Xian Zhan | Ano: 2014 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostemon cablin has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of many diseases, including skin disorders. In the skin beauty and care prescriptions, Pogostemon cablin is one of the top ten frequently used traditional Chinese medicines.

Resultados: Compared to UV exposure groups, present results showed that topical administration of PO, especially at dose of 6mg/mouse and 9mg/mouse, significantly inhibited the increase in skin wrinkle formation, alleviated the reduction in skin elasticity and increased the collagen content by about 21.9% and 26.3%, respectively. We also found that application of 6-9mg/mouse PO could not only decrease the epidermal thickness by about 32.6%, but also prevent the UV-induced disruption of collagen fibers and elastic fibers. Furthermore, the content of MDA was decreased by almost 26.5% and activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT were significantly up-regulated after the treatment of PO.

Conclusão: Results of present study revealed that PO was capable of maintaining skin structural integrity caused by UV irradiation and it was useful in preventing photoaging. These protective effects of PO were possibly due to its anti-oxidative property. Therefore, we suggested that PO should be viewed as a potential therapeutic agent for preventing photoaging.

Pogostone suppresses proinflammatory mediator production and protects against endotoxic shock in mice.

Autores: Yu-Cui Li, Yan-Fang Xian, Zi-Ren Su, Siu-Po Ip, Jian-Hui Xie, Jin-Bin Liao, Dian-Wei Wu, Chu-Wen Li, Jian-Nan Chen, Zhi-Xiu Lin, Xiao-Ping Lai | Ano: 2014 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth is a well-known medicinal herb commonly used in many Asian countries for inflammatory diseases. Pogostone (PO), a natural product isolated from Pogostemon cablin, is known to exert various pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory property of PO, to elucidate its mechanism of action, and to evaluate its potential acute toxicity.

Resultados: In vitro, PO significantly inhibited the protein and mRNA expression of proinflammatory mediators including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NO, and PGE2. The action mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of PO was partly dependent on inhibition of the activation of NF-κB and the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK. In vivo, PO was able to significantly reduce the mortality induced by LPS in mice. Furthermore, PO could markedly suppress the production of the proinflammatory mediators in serum, and attenuate liver and lung injury. The action mechanisms of PO during endotoxic shock may be attributed to down-regulation of the mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators in multiple organs via inhibition of the activation of NF-κB and the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Moreover, the LD50 of PO in mice was about 163mg/kg with intravenous administration, which was about 8-fold higher than the dose used in the animal experiment.

Conclusão: N/A

A Comprehensive Review on the Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Pogostemon cablin Benth.: An Aromatic Medicinal Plant of Industrial Importance.

Autores: Mallappa Kumara Swamy, Uma Rani Sinniah | Ano: 2015 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostemon cablin Benth. (patchouli) is an important herb which possesses many therapeutic properties and is widely used in the fragrance industries. In traditional medicinal practices, it is used to treat colds, headaches, fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, insect and snake bites. In aromatherapy, patchouli oil is used to relieve depression, stress, calm nerves, control appetite and to improve sexual interest. Till now more than 140 compounds, including terpenoids, phytosterols, flavonoids, organic acids, lignins, alkaloids, glycosides, alcohols, aldehydes have been isolated and identified from patchouli. The main phytochemical compounds are patchouli alcohol, α-patchoulene, β-patchoulene, α-bulnesene, seychellene, norpatchoulenol, pogostone, eugenol and pogostol. Modern studies have revealed several biological activities such as antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, antithrombotic, aphrodisiac, antidepressant, antimutagenic, antiemetic, fibrinolytic and cytotoxic activities. However, some of the traditional uses need to be verified and may require standardizing and authenticating the bioactivity of purified compounds through scientific methods. The aim of the present review is to provide comprehensive knowledge on the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of essential oil and different plant extracts of patchouli based on the available scientific literature. This information will provide a potential guide in exploring the use of main active compounds of patchouli in various medical fields.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Screening of antifungal activity of 12 essential oils against eight pathogenic fungi of vegetables and mushroom.

Autores: F Diánez, M Santos, C Parra, M J Navarro, R Blanco, F J Gea | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The antifungal properties of 12 Eos, that is, Syzygium aromaticum, Pelargonium graveolens, Lavandula angustifolia, Cupresus sempervirens, Mentha piperita, Santolina chamaecyparissus, Citrus sinensis, Pogostemon patchouli, Thymus mastichina, Thymus vulgaris, Eucalyptus globulus and Rosmarinus officinalis, were screened. The influence of five doses of each EOs was tested against Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora parasitica, Pythium aphanidermatum, Alternaria brassicae, Cladobotryum mycophilum and Trichoderma aggressivum f.sp. europaeum using disc-diffusion method. The mycelial growth inhibition and ED50 were calculated. The chemical analysis of the EOs was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. A total of 58 compounds were identified in the 12 EOs. All essential oils (EOs) analysed showed antifungal activity against the test pathogens in the range of 5·32-100%. The inhibitory effect of oils showed dose-dependent activity on the tested fungus. Based on the ED50 values, clove, rose geranium, peppermint and patchouli were the most effective. This study warrants further research into the practical use of EOs for the control of important myco- and phytopathogens in intensive horticulture.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of pogostone and its analogues.

Autores: Yu-Yang Yi, Jing-Jin He, Jun-Quan Su, Song-Zhi Kong, Ji-Yan Su, Yu-Cui Li, Si-Han Huang, Chu-Wen Li, Xiao-Ping Lai, Zi-Ren Su | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostone (PO) is one of the secondary metabolites from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Lamiaceae), serving as the effective component of the antimicrobial activity. In this study, PO and a series of its analogues were synthesized by the reaction of dehydroacetate and aldehydes in tetrahydrofuran under a nitrogen atmosphere. Their activities against Candida albicans, Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria were evaluated. The antifungal results demonstrated that PO (MIC ranged from 12 to 97μg/mL against all strains, MFC ranged from 49 to 97μg/mL against all strains) and A3 (MIC ranged from 12 to 49, MFC over 195μg/mL) showed a strong activity against Candida albicans. While A1 (MIC ranged from 49 to 97μg/mL) and A2 (MIC ranged from 24 to 49μg/mL) have only shown effect against Guangzhou clinical isolates, the antibacterial results demonstrated that PO and its analogues showed no effects against the tested bacteria strains. This study suggests that pogostone analogues, with the appropriated structure modification, represented a kind of promising antifungal agents.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of pogostone and its analogues.

Autores: Yu-Yang Yi, Jing-Jin He, Jun-Quan Su, Song-Zhi Kong, Ji-Yan Su, Yu-Cui Li, Si-Han Huang, Chu-Wen Li, Xiao-Ping Lai, Zi-Ren Su | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostone (PO) is one of the secondary metabolites from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Lamiaceae), serving as the effective component of the antimicrobial activity. In this study, PO and a series of its analogues were synthesized by the reaction of dehydroacetate and aldehydes in tetrahydrofuran under a nitrogen atmosphere. Their activities against Candida albicans, Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria were evaluated. The antifungal results demonstrated that PO (MIC ranged from 12 to 97μg/mL against all strains, MFC ranged from 49 to 97μg/mL against all strains) and A3 (MIC ranged from 12 to 49, MFC over 195μg/mL) showed a strong activity against Candida albicans. While A1 (MIC ranged from 49 to 97μg/mL) and A2 (MIC ranged from 24 to 49μg/mL) have only shown effect against Guangzhou clinical isolates, the antibacterial results demonstrated that PO and its analogues showed no effects against the tested bacteria strains. This study suggests that pogostone analogues, with the appropriated structure modification, represented a kind of promising antifungal agents.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Biological Activities of Two Essential Oils from Pogostemon cablin and Eupatorium fortunei and Their Major Components against Fungi Isolated from Panax notoginseng.

Autores: Qing-Qing Li, Ying-Ying Huo, Chuan-Jiao Chen, Zi-Ying Zeng, Fu-Rong Xu, Yong-Xian Cheng, Xian Dong | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H.Chen (Araliaceae), of which the dry root and rhizome are precious traditional Chinese medicine, suffers severely from diseases during planting. Essential oils (EOs) with antimicrobial activity are a possibility for the development of green pesticides. We extracted EOs from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. and Eupatorium fortunei Turcz., respectively and tested their inhibitory rates on fungi isolated from diseased P. notoginseng by the Oxford cup method. The compounds of the EO were identified by GC/MS and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the EOs and their main components were evaluated by the 96-well plate method. We also mixed P. cablin EO, E. fortunei EO and hymexazol in pairs to explore whether their combinations produce stronger antifungal effects than individual components. Finally, we evaluated the effects of the EOs against Fusarium oxysporum in vivo. P. cablin EO and E. fortunei EO exhibited different antifungal activities against fungi, with the inhibitory rates of 21.02 %-100 % and 54.84 %-100 % and MICs of 0.07-0.88 mg/mL and 0.20-1.17 mg/mL, respectively. Pogostone (24.96 %) and thymol (15.64 %) were the major compounds of P. cablin EO and E. fortunei EO, respectively, and they exhibited stronger antifungal activities than EOs, with MICs of 0.008-0.078 mg/mL and 0.12-0.31 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, hymexazol was mixed with E. fortunei EO, and the inhibitory effect against Cylindrocarpon destructans was enhanced with a synergistic effect. The disease incidence and disease index of EO treatments decreased significantly in vivo. Based on our study, P. cablin EO and E. fortunei EO have great potential to be developed into green fungicides for use in agriculture to control diseases of P. notoginseng.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

A Comprehensive Review on the Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Pogostemon cablin Benth.: An Aromatic Medicinal Plant of Industrial Importance.

Autores: Mallappa Kumara Swamy, Uma Rani Sinniah | Ano: 2015 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostemon cablin Benth. (patchouli) is an important herb which possesses many therapeutic properties and is widely used in the fragrance industries. In traditional medicinal practices, it is used to treat colds, headaches, fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, insect and snake bites. In aromatherapy, patchouli oil is used to relieve depression, stress, calm nerves, control appetite and to improve sexual interest. Till now more than 140 compounds, including terpenoids, phytosterols, flavonoids, organic acids, lignins, alkaloids, glycosides, alcohols, aldehydes have been isolated and identified from patchouli. The main phytochemical compounds are patchouli alcohol, α-patchoulene, β-patchoulene, α-bulnesene, seychellene, norpatchoulenol, pogostone, eugenol and pogostol. Modern studies have revealed several biological activities such as antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, antithrombotic, aphrodisiac, antidepressant, antimutagenic, antiemetic, fibrinolytic and cytotoxic activities. However, some of the traditional uses need to be verified and may require standardizing and authenticating the bioactivity of purified compounds through scientific methods. The aim of the present review is to provide comprehensive knowledge on the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of essential oil and different plant extracts of patchouli based on the available scientific literature. This information will provide a potential guide in exploring the use of main active compounds of patchouli in various medical fields.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Antioxidant, anti-quorum sensing, biofilm inhibitory activities and chemical composition of Patchouli essential oil: in vitro and in silico approach.

Autores: Afrin Mansuri, Kiran Lokhande, Supriya Kore, Swapnil Gaikwad, Neelu Nawani, K Venkateswara Swamy, Manisha Junnarkar, Sarika Pawar | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The interest in naturally occurring essential oils from medicinal plants has increased extremely over the last decade markedly because they possess antimicrobial and antioxidant protective properties against different chronic diseases. Extensive survival of drug-resistant infectious bacteria depends on quorum sensing (QS) signaling network which raises the need for alternative antibacterial compounds. The aim of this study was to examine the phytochemical compounds of patchouli essential oil (PEO) and to assess its antioxidant activity. Antioxidant studies estimated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method showed that the PEO has effective antioxidant activity (IC50 19.53 µg/mL). QS inhibitory activity of PEO was examined by employing the biosensor strain, Chromobacterium violaceum CV12472. At sub-lethal concentrations, PEO potentially reduced the QS regulated violacein synthesis in CV12472 without inhibiting its cell proliferation. Moreover, it also effectively reduced the production of some QS regulated virulence factors and biofilm development in P. aeruginosa PAO1 without hindering its growth. Phytochemical analysis of PEO was done by GC/MS technique. Molecular docking of PEO major compounds with QS (LasR and FabI) and biofilm regulator proteins (MvfR and Sialidase) of PAO1 was evaluated. These phytocompounds showed potential hydrogen binding interactions with these proteins. The overall results, in vitro and in silico, suggest that PEO could be applied as biocontrol agent against antibiotic resistance pathogens. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of pogostone and its analogues.

Autores: Yu-Yang Yi, Jing-Jin He, Jun-Quan Su, Song-Zhi Kong, Ji-Yan Su, Yu-Cui Li, Si-Han Huang, Chu-Wen Li, Xiao-Ping Lai, Zi-Ren Su | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostone (PO) is one of the secondary metabolites from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Lamiaceae), serving as the effective component of the antimicrobial activity. In this study, PO and a series of its analogues were synthesized by the reaction of dehydroacetate and aldehydes in tetrahydrofuran under a nitrogen atmosphere. Their activities against Candida albicans, Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria were evaluated. The antifungal results demonstrated that PO (MIC ranged from 12 to 97μg/mL against all strains, MFC ranged from 49 to 97μg/mL against all strains) and A3 (MIC ranged from 12 to 49, MFC over 195μg/mL) showed a strong activity against Candida albicans. While A1 (MIC ranged from 49 to 97μg/mL) and A2 (MIC ranged from 24 to 49μg/mL) have only shown effect against Guangzhou clinical isolates, the antibacterial results demonstrated that PO and its analogues showed no effects against the tested bacteria strains. This study suggests that pogostone analogues, with the appropriated structure modification, represented a kind of promising antifungal agents.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Pocahemiketals A and B, two new hemiketals with unprecedented sesquiterpenoid skeletons from Pogostemon cablin.

Autores: Huan Zhu, Qin-Mei Zhou, Cheng Peng, Ming-Hua Chen, Xiao-Nian Li, Da-Sheng Lin, Liang Xiong | Ano: 2017 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pocahemiketals A and B (1 and 2), two novel hemiketal sesquiterpenoids with unprecedented skeletons, were isolated from the essential oil of the aerial parts of Pogostemon cablin. In addition to a bicyclo[3.2.1]-carbon core, 1 and 2 possessed a hemiketal α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactone moiety. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, electronic circular dichroism calculation, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 2 exhibited significant vasorelaxant activity against phenylephrine-induced contraction of a rat aorta ring with the EC50 value of 16.32μM.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from six lamiaceae folk medicinal plants.

Autores: Jiahui Sun, Peipei Sun, Chuanzhi Kang, Lanyue Zhang, Lanping Guo, Yaping Kou | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils have attracted wide attention in recent years due to their extensive applications in natural functional ingredients, pharmaceutical preparations, biomedical products, and the cosmetics industry. In this study, the chemical compositions and biological activities of essential oils extracted from six Lamiaceae herbs, including Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (PCEO), Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton (PFEO), Salvia japonica Thunb. (SJEO), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (ROEO), Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (LAEO), and Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Kuntze (AREO), were determined and analyzed. A total of 167 components were identified from the six essential oils by GC-MS analysis, with 35, 24, 47, 46, 54, and 37 components in PCEO, PFEO, SJEO, ROEO, LAEO, and AREO, respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis of chemical compositions showed that the composition of the six essential oils was significantly different in content, and they were clearly divided into six classes. However, all of these six essential oils exhibited promising anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the expression of interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cyclooxygenase-2 in rats with adjuvant arthritis, among which PFEO had the best performance. In addition, the six essential oils displayed significant cytotoxicity on B16 (IC50 = 86.91-228.91 μg/mL) and LNCaP cell lines (IC50 = 116.4-189.63 μg/mL). Meanwhile, all of them presented satisfactory antioxidant activity (IC50 = 4.88-13.89 μg/mL) compared with Trolox C (IC50 = 13.83 μg/mL), and SJEO (IC50 = 7.93 μg/mL) served as an optimal candidate natural antioxidant by DPPH assay. Taken together, these results indicate that the six Lamiaceae essential oils manifest excellent and diverse biological activities, enabling them to be used as perfect natural functional ingredients in antioxidant, antitumor, or anti-arthritic drugs. This study provides more references for pharmaphylogeny research and drug discovery from folk medicinal plants.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Patchouli alcohol, an essential oil of Pogostemon cablin, exhibits anti-tumorigenic activity in human colorectal cancer cells.

Autores: Jin Boo Jeong, Jieun Choi, Zhiyuan Lou, Xiaojing Jiang, Seong-Ho Lee | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Patchouli alcohol (PA) is one of the important compounds isolated from the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (patchouli). PA has neuroprotective, anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory activities. However, anti-cancer activity of PA has not been studied so far. We performed in vitro study to investigate whether PA affects proliferation and apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells, and to define potential molecular mechanisms. PA suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116, SW480). In addition, PA decreased cell growth in MCF7, BxPC3, PC3, and HUVEC cells. Exposure of PA to HCT116 and SW480 cells activated p21 expression and suppressed the expressions of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, PA attenuated the expressions of HDAC2 (histone deacetylase 2) and c-myc, and HDAC enzyme activity. We also observed that PA induced the transcriptional activity of NF-κB through an increase of nuclear translocation of p65. These findings suggest that PA exerts an anti-cancer activity by decreasing cell growth and increasing apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. The proposed mechanisms include the inhibition of HDAC2 expression and HDAC enzyme activity, and subsequent downregulation of c-myc and activation of NF-κB pathway.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Antidepressant-like Activity of Patchouli Oil var. Tapak Tuan (Pogostemon cablin Benth) via Elevated Dopamine Level: A Study Using Rat Model.

Autores: Puji Astuti, Khairan Khairan, Marthoenis Marthoenis, Kartini Hasballah | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils are gaining popularity for their use in treating depression, including that extracted from patchouli leaves and stems (Pogostemon cablin). Herein, we used patchouli oil (PO) containing a high amount of patchouli alcohol derived from P. cablin var. Tapak Tuan. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant potential of PO, with a variety of patchouli alcohol concentrations obtained from a separation process using vacuum distillation with different temperature ranges. The initial patchouli oil (iPO) was traditionally distilled by a local farmer and further distilled using a rotary evaporator at temperature ranges of 115−160 °C (POF-1); 120−160 °C (POF-2), and 125−160 °C (POF-3), resulting in products with different patchouli alcohol concentrations. POF-3, with the highest patchouli alcohol content of 60.66% (based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), was used for cooling crystallization, resulting in 100% patchouli alcohol crystal (pPA). A tail suspension test (TST) was performed on a rat model to screen the antidepressant potential of iPO and its derivatives. The TST results revealed that POF-3 had the best antidepressant-like effect and was second only to the fluoxetine-based antidepressant, Kalxetin®, where both groups had significant reductions of immobility time post-treatment (p < 0.0001). Other than patchouli alcohol, POF-3 also contained ledol and trans-geraniol, which have been reported for their antidepressant-related activities. Brain dopamine levels increased significantly in the group treated with POF-3 (p < 0.05 as compared with the control group), suggesting its primary anti-depressant mechanism. These findings suggest the potential of vacuum-distilled patchouli oil in reducing depression via dopamine elevation.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Antidepressant-like Activity of Patchouli Oil var. Tapak Tuan (Pogostemon cablin Benth) via Elevated Dopamine Level: A Study Using Rat Model.

Autores: Puji Astuti, Khairan Khairan, Marthoenis Marthoenis, Kartini Hasballah | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils are gaining popularity for their use in treating depression, including that extracted from patchouli leaves and stems (Pogostemon cablin). Herein, we used patchouli oil (PO) containing a high amount of patchouli alcohol derived from P. cablin var. Tapak Tuan. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant potential of PO, with a variety of patchouli alcohol concentrations obtained from a separation process using vacuum distillation with different temperature ranges. The initial patchouli oil (iPO) was traditionally distilled by a local farmer and further distilled using a rotary evaporator at temperature ranges of 115−160 °C (POF-1); 120−160 °C (POF-2), and 125−160 °C (POF-3), resulting in products with different patchouli alcohol concentrations. POF-3, with the highest patchouli alcohol content of 60.66% (based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), was used for cooling crystallization, resulting in 100% patchouli alcohol crystal (pPA). A tail suspension test (TST) was performed on a rat model to screen the antidepressant potential of iPO and its derivatives. The TST results revealed that POF-3 had the best antidepressant-like effect and was second only to the fluoxetine-based antidepressant, Kalxetin®, where both groups had significant reductions of immobility time post-treatment (p < 0.0001). Other than patchouli alcohol, POF-3 also contained ledol and trans-geraniol, which have been reported for their antidepressant-related activities. Brain dopamine levels increased significantly in the group treated with POF-3 (p < 0.05 as compared with the control group), suggesting its primary anti-depressant mechanism. These findings suggest the potential of vacuum-distilled patchouli oil in reducing depression via dopamine elevation.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Anti-Aspergillus activities of plant essential oils and their combination effects with ketoconazole or amphotericin B.

Autores: Seungwon Shin | Ano: 2003 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The essential oils from Cedrus atlantica, Styrax tonkinensis, Juniperus communis, Lavandula angustifolia, Melaleuca alternifolia, Pelargonium graveolens, Pogesternon patchouli and Rosmarinus officinalis were analyzed by GC-MS. Antifungal activities of the oils were investigated by disk diffusion assay and the broth dilution method against Aspergillus niger and A. flavus. The effects of geraniol and the essential oil fraction from P. graveolens on the antifungal activity of amphotericin B and ketoconazole were examined using a checkerboard microtiter assay against both Aspergillus fungi. Most of the tested essential oils, with the exception of C. atlantica, J. communis, and P. patchouli, significantly inhibited growth of A. niger and to a lesser extent that of A. flavus, with MICs (minimal inhibitory concentrations) in the range 0.78-12.5 mg/mL. The essential oil fraction of P. graveolens and its main components, geraniol and citronellol, exhibited additive effects with amphotericin B and with ketoconazole against both Aspergillus species, resulting in fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices ranging from 0.52 to 1.00.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Antifungal effect of Allium tuberosum, Cinnamomum cassia, and Pogostemon cablin essential oils and their components against population of Aspergillus species.

Autores: Dragana Kocevski, Muying Du, Jianquan Kan, Chengjun Jing, Ines Lačanin, Hrvoje Pavlović | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Antifungal activity of Allium tuberosum (AT), Cinnamomum cassia (CC), and Pogostemon cablin (Patchouli, P) essential oils against Aspergillus flavus strains 3.2758 and 3.4408 and Aspergillus oryzae was tested at 2 water activity levels (aw : 0.95 and 0.98). Main components of tested essential oils were: allyl trisulfide 40.05% (AT), cinnamaldehyde 87.23% (CC), and patchouli alcohol 44.52% (P). The minimal inhibitory concentration of the plant essential oils against A. flavus strains 3.2758 and 3.4408 and A. oryzae was 250 ppm (A. tuberosum and C. cassia), whereas Patchouli essential oil inhibited fungi at concentration > 1500 ppm. The essential oils exhibited suppression effect on colony growth at all concentrations (100, 175, and 250 ppm for A. tuberosum; 25, 50, and 75 for C. cassia; 100, 250, and 500 for P. cablin essential oil). Results of the study represent a solution for possible application of essential oil of C. cassia in different food systems due to its strong inhibitory effect against tested Aspergillus species. In real food system (table grapes), C. cassia essential oil exhibited stronger antifungal activity compared to cinnamaldehyde.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Screening of antifungal activity of 12 essential oils against eight pathogenic fungi of vegetables and mushroom.

Autores: F Diánez, M Santos, C Parra, M J Navarro, R Blanco, F J Gea | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The antifungal properties of 12 Eos, that is, Syzygium aromaticum, Pelargonium graveolens, Lavandula angustifolia, Cupresus sempervirens, Mentha piperita, Santolina chamaecyparissus, Citrus sinensis, Pogostemon patchouli, Thymus mastichina, Thymus vulgaris, Eucalyptus globulus and Rosmarinus officinalis, were screened. The influence of five doses of each EOs was tested against Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora parasitica, Pythium aphanidermatum, Alternaria brassicae, Cladobotryum mycophilum and Trichoderma aggressivum f.sp. europaeum using disc-diffusion method. The mycelial growth inhibition and ED50 were calculated. The chemical analysis of the EOs was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. A total of 58 compounds were identified in the 12 EOs. All essential oils (EOs) analysed showed antifungal activity against the test pathogens in the range of 5·32-100%. The inhibitory effect of oils showed dose-dependent activity on the tested fungus. Based on the ED50 values, clove, rose geranium, peppermint and patchouli were the most effective. This study warrants further research into the practical use of EOs for the control of important myco- and phytopathogens in intensive horticulture.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Immunosuppressive activity of pogostone on T cells: Blocking proliferation via S phase arrest.

Autores: Ji-Yan Su, Xia Luo, Xiao-Jun Zhang, Xiang-Liang Deng, Zi-Ren Su, Lian Zhou, Shan-Shan Li, Zhenhua Dai, Yang Xu, Xiao-Ping Lai | Ano: 2015 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostone (PO) is one of the major chemical constituents of the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. In the present study, the effect of PO on T cell responsiveness was investigated to explore its potential in immunosuppression by a Concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulation model using splenocytes isolated from C57BL/6 mice. Cytotoxicity by PO on normal splenocytes was evaluated by MTS assays. Characteristics of apoptosis, proliferation, and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. Related expressions of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) were also determined by flow cytometry. Inflammatory cytokine profiling was performed emplying cytometric beads assays (CBA). Moreover, the T cell-mediated delayed Type hepersensity (DTH) model was applied to evaluate the immunosuppressive activity of PO. Neither viability reduction in normal splenocytes nor apoptosis in ConA-stimulated splenocytes was observed under PO treatments. Meanwhile, PO remarkably reduced the total population of ConA-stimulated T cell, blocked T cell proliferation induced by Con A, and inhibited the production of IFN-γ and IL-10. This blockade of stimulated T cell proliferation by PO was likely attributed to down-regulation of cyclin E, cyclin B and CDK1 and the subsequent S-phase arrest. Additionally, PO could inhibit the DTH reaction by alleviating ear swelling and inflammatory infiltrations in the DNCB-challenged ear. Taken together, PO exhibited an immunosuppressive property by directly blocking T cell proliferation as well as altering inflammatory cytokine profile, suggesting that PO may have clinical implications for treating autoimmune diseases and other immune-based disorders.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

"Singing in the Tube"--audiovisual assay of plant oil repellent activity against mosquitoes (Culex pipiens).

Autores: Temitope F Adams, Chatchawal Wongchai, Anchalee Chaidee, Wolfgang Pfeiffer | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Plant essential oils have been suggested as a promising alternative to the established mosquito repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide). Searching for an assay with generally available equipment, we designed a new audiovisual assay of repellent activity against mosquitoes "Singing in the Tube," testing single mosquitoes in Drosophila cultivation tubes. Statistics with regression analysis should compensate for limitations of simple hardware. The assay was established with female Culex pipiens mosquitoes in 60 experiments, 120-h audio recording, and 2580 estimations of the distance between mosquito sitting position and the chemical. Correlations between parameters of sitting position, flight activity pattern, and flight tone spectrum were analyzed. Regression analysis of psycho-acoustic data of audio files (dB[A]) used a squared and modified sinus function determining wing beat frequency WBF ± SD (357 ± 47 Hz). Application of logistic regression defined the repelling velocity constant. The repelling velocity constant showed a decreasing order of efficiency of plant essential oils: rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), lemon (Citrus limon), patchouli (Pogostemon cablin), DEET, cedar wood (Cedrus atlantica). In conclusion, we suggest (1) disease vector control (e.g., impregnation of bed nets) by eight plant essential oils with repelling velocity superior to DEET, (2) simple mosquito repellency testing in Drosophila cultivation tubes, (3) automated approaches and room surveillance by generally available audio equipment (dB[A]: ISO standard 226), and (4) quantification of repellent activity by parameters of the audiovisual assay defined by correlation and regression analyses.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Synergistic effect of fragrant herbs in Japanese scent sachets.

Autores: Yumi Fujiwara, Michiho Ito | Ano: 2015 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The sedative activity of eight aromatic natural medicines that are traditionally used in Japanese scent sachets was examined using an open field test with mice. Galangal (Kaempferia galanga), patchouli (Pogostemon cablin), sandalwood (Santalum album), spikenard (Nardostachys chinensis), cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), star anise (Illicium verum), and borneol (Dryobalanops aromatica) distilled oils were used. These natural medicines have various pharmacological effects. For example, galangal has insecticidal activity and clove extracts possess strong total antioxidant activity. Aromatherapy, a well-known complementary medicine system that uses inhalation, has recently attracted much attention. The sedative activity of inhaled aromatic compounds or essential oils has been examined by measuring the spontaneous motor activity of mice in an open field test. The galangal, patchouli, sandalwood, spikenard, and borneol oils showed significant sedative effects. The effect was stronger for a mixture of the five oils than for any of the single oils. This suggests that the oil mixture may have synergistic activity. Sedative activity was not observed when inactive oils (cinnamon, clove, and star anise) were added to the mixture of the five active oils.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Absolute Configurations and Bioactivities of Guaiane-Type Sesquiterpenoids Isolated from Pogostemon cablin.

Autores: Qin-Mei Zhou, Ming-Hua Chen, Xiao-Hong Li, Cheng Peng, Da-Sheng Lin, Xiao-Nian Li, Yang He, Liang Xiong | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Seven novel guaiane sesquiterpenoids (1-7) and three known seco-guaianes were isolated from the volatile oil of Pogostemon cablin. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic analyses, a modified Mosher's method, and X-ray diffraction and ECD data. The results indicated that the ECD Cotton effects arising from one or two nonconjugated olefinic chromophores could be applied to define the absolute configurations of guaiane sesquiterpenoids. Compounds 3 and 6 exhibited significant vasorelaxant activity against phenylephrine-induced and KCl-induced contractions of rat aorta rings [half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 3 against PHE-induced contraction, 5.4 μM; EC50 of 6 against PHE- and KCl-induced contractions, 1.6 and 24.2 μM, respectively]. They also showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans (minimum inhibitory concentrations, 500 and 300 μM, respectively). In addition, 2 and 7-9 displayed a neuroprotective effect against glutamate-induced injury in PC12 cells.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Technology for efficient and successful delivery of vermicompost colonized bioinoculants in Pogostemon cablin (patchouli) Benth.

Autores: Rakshapal Singh, S Divya, Ashutosh Awasthi, Alok Kalra | Ano: 2012 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The usefulness of vermicompost as a supporting media for growth of bioinoculants was evaluated for successful transfer of sufficient propagules of bioinoculants into the organic fields. The rooted plants after 50 days were pot and field tested for their growth and yield performances when transplanted along with rooting medium into pots/organic fields. The rooting medium, 50 days of inoculation, contained sufficient population of bioinoculants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Treatment with bioinoculants (except Trichoderma harzianum) substantially improved the root and shoot biomass of nursery raised rooted cuttings particularly in treatments containing Azotobacter chroococcum (150 and 91.67%, respectively), Glomus intraradices (117 and 91.67%, respectively) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (117 and 83%, respectively). The transplanted rooted plants in pots, over two harvests, yielded higher shoot biomass when rooting medium contained A. chroococcum (147%), G. intraradices (139%) and P. fluorescencs (139%). Although the treatments did not affect the content of essential oil, the quality of essential oil as measured by the content of patchouli alcohol improved with Glomus aggregatum (18%). Similar trends were observed in field trials with significantly higher biomass yield achieved with A. chroococcum (51%), G. intraradices (46%) and P. fluorescencs (17%) compared to control (un-inoculated) plots. Increased in herb yield was found to be related with increased nutrient uptake. The population of bioinoculants in the rhizosphere was observed to be considerably higher in plots receiving vermicompost enriched with bioinoculants. This technology can be a successful way of delivering sufficient propagules of bioinoculants along with vermicompost especially in organic fields.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

A Comprehensive in vitro and in silico Analysis of Nematicidal Action of Essential Oils.

Autores: Aditi Kundu, Anirban Dutta, Abhishek Mandal, Lalit Negi, Monika Malik, Rajshekhar Puramchatwad, Jyoti Antil, Anupama Singh, Uma Rao, Supradip Saha, Rajesh Kumar, Neeraj Patanjali, Suman Manna, Anil Kumar, Sukanta Dash, P K Singh | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Nematicidal potential of essential oils (EOs) has been widely reported. Terpenoids present in most of the essential oils have been reported responsible for their bioactivity though very less is known about their modes of action. In the present study, an in vitro screening of nine Eos, namely, Citrus sinensis (OEO), Myrtus communis (MTEO), Eucalyptus citriodora (CEO), Melaleuca alternifolia (TEO), Acorus calamus (AEO), Commiphora myrrha (MREO), Cymbopogon nardus (CNEO), Artemisia absinthium (WEO), and Pogostemon cablin (PEO) against Meloidogyne incognita revealed OEO, CNEO, and TEO as most effective with LC50 39.37, 43.22, and 76.28 μg ml-1 respectively. EOs had varying compositions of mono- and sesquiterpenes determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The in silico molecular interactions screening of major EO constituents and the seven selected target proteins of the nematode indicated highest binding affinity of geraniol-ODR1 (odorant response gene 1) complex (ΔG = -36.9 kcal mol-1), due to extensive H-bonding, hydrophobic and π-alkyl interactions. The relative binding affinity followed the order: geraniol-ODR1 > β-terpineol-ODR1 > citronellal-ODR1 > l-limonene-ODR1 > γ-terpinene-ODR1. Taken together, the cumulative in vitro and computational bioefficacy analysis related to the chemoprofiles of EOs provides useful leads on harnessing the potential of EOs as bionematicides. The insight on biochemical ligand-target protein interactions described in the present work will be helpful in logical selection of biomolecules and essential oils for development of practically viable bionematicidal products.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Survey of the genome of Pogostemon cablin provides insights into its evolutionary history and sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis.

Autores: Yang He, Hongtao Xiao, Cao Deng, Liang Xiong, Hu Nie, Cheng Peng | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Patchouli) is an important traditional Chinese medicinal plant that has both essential oil value and a broad range of therapeutic effects. Here we report the first de novo assembled 1.15-Gb draft genome sequence for P. cablin from next-generation sequencing technology. Our assembly, with a misassembly rate of <4 bp per 100 kb, is ~73% of the predicted genome size (1.57 Gb). Analysis of whole-genome sequences identified 3,147,333 heterozygous single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 490,407 insertions and deletions, giving an estimated heterozygosity rate of 0.274%. A comprehensive annotation pipeline indicated that repetitive sequences make up 58.55% of the assemblies, and that there are estimated 45,020 genes. Comparative genomics analysis showed that the Phrymaceae and Lamiaceae family split ~62.80 Mya, and the divergence between patchouli and sesame occurred ~52.42 Mya, implying a potentially shared recent whole-genome duplication event. Analysis of gene homologs involved in sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis showed that patchouli contains key genes involved in more sesquiterpenoid types and has more copies of genes for each sesquiterpenoid type than several other related plant species. The patchouli genome will facilitate future research on secondary metabolic pathways and their regulation as well as potential selective breeding of patchouli.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Biosynthesis of the sesquiterpene patchoulol from farnesyl pyrophosphate in leaf extracts of Pogostemon cablin (patchouli): mechanistic considerations.

Autores: R Croteau, S L Munck, C C Akoh, H J Fisk, D M Satterwhite | Ano: 1987 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Several mechanistic alternatives have been proposed for the enzyme-catalyzed, electrophilic cyclization of farnesyl pyrophosphate to the tricyclic sesquiterpene alcohol patchoulol, which is the characteristic component of the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (patchouli). These alternatives include schemes involving deprotonation-reprotonation steps and the intermediacy of the monocyclic and bicyclic olefins germacrene and bulnesene, respectively, and involving a 1,3-hydride shift with only tertiary cationic intermediates and without any deprotonation-reprotonation steps. Analytical studies, based on analyses of P. cablin leaf oil at different stages of plant development, and in vivo time-course investigations, using 14CO2 and [14C]sucrose, gave no indication that germacrene and bulnesene were intermediates in patchoulol biosynthesis. A soluble enzyme system from P. cablin leaves was prepared, which was capable of converting farnesyl pyrophosphate to patchoulol, and isotopic dilution experiments with both labeled and unlabeled olefins were carried out with this system to confirm that sesquiterpene olefins did not participate as fre intermediates in the transformation of the acyclic precursor to patchoulol. Patchoulol derived biosynthetically from [12,13-14C;1-3H]farnesyl pyrophosphate was chemically degraded to establish the overall construction pattern of the product. Similar studies with [12,13-14C;6-3H]farnesyl pyrophosphate as a precursor eliminated deprotonation steps to form bound olefinic intermediates in the biosynthesis of patchoulol, while providing supporting evidence for the hydride shift mechanism.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

A pharmacokinetic study of patchouli alcohol after a single oral administration of patchouli alcohol or patchouli oil in rats.

Autores: Ruoqi Zhang, Peiao Yan, Yunxia Li, Liang Xiong, Xiaohong Gong, Cheng Peng | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostemonis herba is used in traditional Chinese medicine to remove dampness, relieve sunstroke, stop vomiting and increase appetite. Patchouli alcohol, an ingredient in pogostemonis herba, has the potential to treat inflammation as well as bacterial and fungal infections. The essential oil of pogostemonis herba (patchouli oil) is commonly given orally in clinical settings; however, no pharmacokinetic studies have examined its oral administration. The goal of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic behavior of patchouli alcohol following single-dose oral administration in rats; the influence of other patchouli oil components on the pharmacokinetic profile of patchouli alcohol was also examined. In this study, a simple and selective GC/MS method was developed and validated to measure the level of patchouli alcohol in rat plasma. The study revealed that the pharmacokinetics profile was linear in both the patchouli alcohol and patchouli oil groups. The C max and AUC0-t of patchouli alcohol were greater in all three doses of patchouli alcohol compared to corresponding patchouli oil doses. Additionally, the T max values were significantly greater in the patchouli oil group. These results suggest that the other ingredients in patchouli oil influence the pharmacokinetic behavior of patchouli alcohol during its absorption. The results provide a meaningful basis for evaluating the clinical application of patchouli oil and patchouli alcohol.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Volatile oil composition of Pogostemon heyneanus and comparison of its composition with patchouli oil.

Autores: Ramar Murugan, Gopal Rao Mallavarapu, Kyathsandra Venkataramaiah Padmashree, Ramachandra Raghavendra Rao, Christus Livingstone | Ano: 2010 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The volatile oil of the leaves of Pogostemon heyneanus Benth. (Lamiaceae) was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Twenty-six components representing 96.0% of the oil were identified. The major components of the oil were acetophenone (51.0%), beta-pinene (5.3%), (E)-nerolidol (5.4%), and patchouli alcohol (14.0%). Comparison of the compositions of the oils of P. heyneanus and P. cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Patchouli oil) showed wide variation between them. Though 13 sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes were detected in both oils, their concentrations in the oils differed widely. Acetophenone, benzoyl acetone and (E)-nerolidol present in the oil of P. heyneanus were not detected in patchouli oil.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Quantitative and physical evaluation of patchouli essential oils obtained from different sources of Pogostemon cablin.

Autores: Norma Hussin, Luigi Mondello, Rosaria Costa, Paola Dugo, Nik Idris Nik Yusoff, Mohd Ambar Yarmo, Ahmad AbWahab, Mamot Said | Ano: 2012 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Patchouli essential oil can be obtained from fresh, dried and fermented plant material. It is a highly valuable product in the fragrance industry and its quality changes depending upon raw material age and oil storage. In this work, patchouli essential oils derived from different treatments have been subjected to GC-FID quantitative analysis using an internal standard (ISTD) method with response factors (RF). Samples were obtained from i) fresh plants; ii) hydrodistillation of one year mature and fermented plants; iii) hydrodistillation of one year mature plants; iv) commercial products from Indonesia and Malaysia. Linear Retention Indices (LRI) for both polar and non-polar GC-MS analyses were also measured as a tool for qualitative analysis towards a homologous series of C7-C30 n-alkanes. The results obtained confirmed that, in all samples, patchouli alcohol was the main volatile constituent, with higher amount in lab-scale produced oils, compared with commercial samples. Other major compounds, in lab oils and commercial samples respectively, were: delta-guaiene, alpha-guaiene, pogostol, seychellene and alpha-patchoulene. Another 36 compounds were also found.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Volatile oil composition of Pogostemon heyneanus and comparison of its composition with patchouli oil.

Autores: Ramar Murugan, Gopal Rao Mallavarapu, Kyathsandra Venkataramaiah Padmashree, Ramachandra Raghavendra Rao, Christus Livingstone | Ano: 2010 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The volatile oil of the leaves of Pogostemon heyneanus Benth. (Lamiaceae) was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Twenty-six components representing 96.0% of the oil were identified. The major components of the oil were acetophenone (51.0%), beta-pinene (5.3%), (E)-nerolidol (5.4%), and patchouli alcohol (14.0%). Comparison of the compositions of the oils of P. heyneanus and P. cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Patchouli oil) showed wide variation between them. Though 13 sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes were detected in both oils, their concentrations in the oils differed widely. Acetophenone, benzoyl acetone and (E)-nerolidol present in the oil of P. heyneanus were not detected in patchouli oil.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Quantitative and fingerprinting analysis of Pogostemon cablin based on GC-FID combined with chemometrics.

Autores: Yinhui Yang, Weijun Kong, Huanhuan Feng, Xiaowen Dou, Lianhua Zhao, Qiang Xiao, Meihua Yang | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In this study, a simple, sensitive and reliable gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) method is established for quantitative chemical fingerprinting of essential oils from Pogostemon cablin. Oil samples are prepared by hydrodistillation, with yields ranging from 0.73% to 2.02%. The two main components of the oil, patchouli alcohol and pogostone, were detected simultaneously in 36 samples and were found to have average contents of 43.07% and 7.84%, respectively. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision, stability, and accuracy. All calibration curves showed excellent linearity (r(2)>0.9992) within the test ranges, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values for intra- and inter-day precision were less than 1.5%, indicating a high degree of precision. The GC-FID chemical fingerprints of the 36 samples were established using 12 common peaks which account for over 90% of the total peak area. Chemometric techniques, including similarity analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, were also employed to explore the similarities and outstanding consistencies among different P. cablin oil samples. The results demonstrate that chromatographic fingerprinting and quantitative analysis can be achieved simultaneously when evaluating quality and authenticating samples of P. cablin.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Quantitative and physical evaluation of patchouli essential oils obtained from different sources of Pogostemon cablin.

Autores: Norma Hussin, Luigi Mondello, Rosaria Costa, Paola Dugo, Nik Idris Nik Yusoff, Mohd Ambar Yarmo, Ahmad AbWahab, Mamot Said | Ano: 2012 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Patchouli essential oil can be obtained from fresh, dried and fermented plant material. It is a highly valuable product in the fragrance industry and its quality changes depending upon raw material age and oil storage. In this work, patchouli essential oils derived from different treatments have been subjected to GC-FID quantitative analysis using an internal standard (ISTD) method with response factors (RF). Samples were obtained from i) fresh plants; ii) hydrodistillation of one year mature and fermented plants; iii) hydrodistillation of one year mature plants; iv) commercial products from Indonesia and Malaysia. Linear Retention Indices (LRI) for both polar and non-polar GC-MS analyses were also measured as a tool for qualitative analysis towards a homologous series of C7-C30 n-alkanes. The results obtained confirmed that, in all samples, patchouli alcohol was the main volatile constituent, with higher amount in lab-scale produced oils, compared with commercial samples. Other major compounds, in lab oils and commercial samples respectively, were: delta-guaiene, alpha-guaiene, pogostol, seychellene and alpha-patchoulene. Another 36 compounds were also found.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

GC-MS fingerprint of Pogostemon cablin in China.

Autores: L F Hu, S P Li, H Cao, J J Liu, J L Gao, F Q Yang, Y T Wang | Ano: 2006 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostemon cablin, originating in Malaysia and India, is cultivated in southern China including Guangdong and Hainan Province, which was called GuangHuoXiang to differentiate it from the HuoXiang of the north, the species Agastache rugosa, that it resembles. Essential oil of P. cablin mainly contributes to the pharmacological activities and the therapeutic properties of the essential oils are directly correlated with their qualitative and quantitative composition. For controlling the quality, standard fingerprint of P. cablin collected from different regions was developed by using GC-MS. Nine compounds including beta-patchoulene, caryophyllene, alpha-guaiene, seychellene, beta-guaiene, delta-guaiene, spathulenol, patchouli alcohol and pogostone were identified among 10 main peaks in P. cablin. Hierarchical clustering analysis based on characteristics of 10 investigated peaks in GC profiles showed that 18 samples were divided into three main clusters, patchouliol-type, pogostone-type and an interim-type, which was the one between the two chemotypes. The simulative mean chromatogram for the three types P. cablin was generated using the Computer Aided Similarity Evaluation System. The fingerprint can help to distinguish the substitute or adulterant, and further assess the differences of P. cablin grown in various areas of China.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

The plastid genome and its implications in barcoding specific-chemotypes of the medicinal herb Pogostemon cablin in China.

Autores: Caiyun Zhang, Tongjian Liu, Xun Yuan, Huirun Huang, Gang Yao, Xiaolu Mo, Xue Xue, Haifei Yan | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Patchouli) is not only an important essential oil plant, but also a valuable medicinal plant in China. P. cablin in China can be divided into three cultivars (Shipai, Gaoyao, and Hainan) and two chemotypes (pogostone-type and patchoulol-type). The pogostone-type and patchoulol-type are, respectively, used for medicinals and perfumes. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the plastid genomes for all three Chinese cultivars and aimed to develop a chemotype-specific barcode for future quality control. The plastid genomes of P. cablin cultivars ranged from 152,461 to 152,462 bp in length and comprise 114 genes including 80 protein coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that P. cablin cultivars clustered with the other two Pogostemon species with strong support. Although extremely conserved in P. cablin plastid genomes, 58 cpSSRs were filtered out among the three cultivars. One single variable locus, cpSSR, was discovered. The cpSSR genotypes successfully matched the chemotypes of Chinese patchouli, which was further supported by PCR-based Sanger sequences in more Chinese patchouli samples. The barcode developed in this study is thought to be a simple and reliable quality control method for Chinese P. cablin on the market.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

GC-MS fingerprint of Pogostemon cablin in China.

Autores: L F Hu, S P Li, H Cao, J J Liu, J L Gao, F Q Yang, Y T Wang | Ano: 2006 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostemon cablin, originating in Malaysia and India, is cultivated in southern China including Guangdong and Hainan Province, which was called GuangHuoXiang to differentiate it from the HuoXiang of the north, the species Agastache rugosa, that it resembles. Essential oil of P. cablin mainly contributes to the pharmacological activities and the therapeutic properties of the essential oils are directly correlated with their qualitative and quantitative composition. For controlling the quality, standard fingerprint of P. cablin collected from different regions was developed by using GC-MS. Nine compounds including beta-patchoulene, caryophyllene, alpha-guaiene, seychellene, beta-guaiene, delta-guaiene, spathulenol, patchouli alcohol and pogostone were identified among 10 main peaks in P. cablin. Hierarchical clustering analysis based on characteristics of 10 investigated peaks in GC profiles showed that 18 samples were divided into three main clusters, patchouliol-type, pogostone-type and an interim-type, which was the one between the two chemotypes. The simulative mean chromatogram for the three types P. cablin was generated using the Computer Aided Similarity Evaluation System. The fingerprint can help to distinguish the substitute or adulterant, and further assess the differences of P. cablin grown in various areas of China.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Is Low-field NMR a Complementary Tool to GC-MS in Quality Control of Essential Oils? A Case Study: Patchouli Essential Oil.

Autores: Andre Krause, Yu Wu, Runtao Tian, Teris A van Beek | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: High-field NMR is an expensive and important quality control technique. In recent years, cheaper and simpler low-field NMR has become available as a new quality control technique. In this study, 60 MHz 1H-NMR was compared with GC-MS and refractometry for the detection of adulteration of essential oils, taking patchouli essential oil as a test case. Patchouli essential oil is frequently adulterated, even today. In total, 75 genuine patchouli essential oils, 10 commercial patchouli essential oils, 10 other essential oils, 17 adulterants, and 1 patchouli essential oil, spiked at 20% with those adulterants, were measured. Visual inspection of the NMR spectra allowed for easy detection of 14 adulterants, while gurjun and copaiba balsams proved difficult and one adulterant could not be detected. NMR spectra of 10 random essential oils differed not only strongly from patchouli essential oil but also from one another, suggesting that fingerprinting by low-field NMR is not limited to patchouli essential oil. Automated chemometric evaluation of NMR spectra was possible by similarity analysis (Mahalanobis distance) based on the integration from 0.1 - 8.1 ppm in 0.01 ppm increments. Good quality patchouli essential oils were recognised as well as 15 of 17 deliberate adulterations. Visual qualitative inspection by GC-MS allowed for the detection of all volatile adulterants. Nonvolatile adulterants, and all but one volatile adulterant, could be detected by semiquantitation. Different chemometric approaches showed satisfactory results. Similarity analyses were difficult with nonvolatile adulterants. Refractive index measurements could detect only 8 of 17 adulterants. Due to advantages such as simplicity, rapidity, reproducibility, and ability to detect nonvolatile adulterants, 60 MHz 1H-NMR is complimentary to GC-MS for quality control of essential oils.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Is Low-field NMR a Complementary Tool to GC-MS in Quality Control of Essential Oils? A Case Study: Patchouli Essential Oil.

Autores: Andre Krause, Yu Wu, Runtao Tian, Teris A van Beek | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: High-field NMR is an expensive and important quality control technique. In recent years, cheaper and simpler low-field NMR has become available as a new quality control technique. In this study, 60 MHz 1H-NMR was compared with GC-MS and refractometry for the detection of adulteration of essential oils, taking patchouli essential oil as a test case. Patchouli essential oil is frequently adulterated, even today. In total, 75 genuine patchouli essential oils, 10 commercial patchouli essential oils, 10 other essential oils, 17 adulterants, and 1 patchouli essential oil, spiked at 20% with those adulterants, were measured. Visual inspection of the NMR spectra allowed for easy detection of 14 adulterants, while gurjun and copaiba balsams proved difficult and one adulterant could not be detected. NMR spectra of 10 random essential oils differed not only strongly from patchouli essential oil but also from one another, suggesting that fingerprinting by low-field NMR is not limited to patchouli essential oil. Automated chemometric evaluation of NMR spectra was possible by similarity analysis (Mahalanobis distance) based on the integration from 0.1 - 8.1 ppm in 0.01 ppm increments. Good quality patchouli essential oils were recognised as well as 15 of 17 deliberate adulterations. Visual qualitative inspection by GC-MS allowed for the detection of all volatile adulterants. Nonvolatile adulterants, and all but one volatile adulterant, could be detected by semiquantitation. Different chemometric approaches showed satisfactory results. Similarity analyses were difficult with nonvolatile adulterants. Refractive index measurements could detect only 8 of 17 adulterants. Due to advantages such as simplicity, rapidity, reproducibility, and ability to detect nonvolatile adulterants, 60 MHz 1H-NMR is complimentary to GC-MS for quality control of essential oils.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Determination of patchoulic alcohol in Herba Pogostemonis by GC-MS-MS.

Autores: Zhongzhen Zhao, Jia Lu, Kelvin Leung, Chi Leung Chan, Zhi-Hong Jiang | Ano: 2005 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Patchoulic oil, the volatile oil of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. and the Chinese crude drug Herba Pogostemonis, is widely used in the cosmetic and oral hygiene industries. Patchoulic alcohol is commonly used as an indicator for the quality assessment of dried P. cablin. However, the complexity of the herbal constituents makes it difficult for using conventional gas chromatography (GC) for analytical purpose. The present study established an accurate, sensitive and reproducible method for the quality assessment of the dried patchouli herb based on patchoulic alcohol content. A gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) method has been successfully developed and demonstrated for the determination of patchoulic alcohol content in the samples of dried P. cablin. The developed method was found to be convenient and facile in particular to tackle the complicated matrix problems always encountered in the herbs which contain high level of essential oils.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Effects of fragrance inhalation on sympathetic activity in normal adults.

Autores: Shinichiro Haze, Keiko Sakai, Yoko Gozu | Ano: 2002 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: We investigated the effects of fragrance inhalation on sympathetic activity in normal adult subjects using both power spectral analysis of blood pressure fluctuations and measurement of plasma catecholamine levels. Fragrance inhalation of essential oils, such as pepper oil, estragon oil, fennel oil or grapefruit oil, resulted in 1.5- to 2.5-fold increase in relative sympathetic activity, representing low frequency amplitude of systolic blood pressure (SBP-LF amplitude), compared with inhalation of an odorless solvent, triethyl citrate (P<0.05, each). In contrast, fragrance inhalation of rose oil or patchouli oil caused a 40% decrease in relative sympathetic activity (P<0.01, each). Fragrance inhalation of pepper oil induced a 1.7-fold increase in plasma adrenaline concentration compared with the resting state (P = 0.06), while fragrance inhalation of rose oil caused a 30% decrease in adrenaline concentration (P<0.01). Our results indicate that fragrance inhalation of essential oils may modulate sympathetic activity in normal adults.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

[Two chemotypes of Pogostemon cablin and influence of region of cultivation and harvesting time on volatile oil composition].

Autores: Ji-peng Luo, Yu-ping Liu, Yi-fan Feng, Xiao-ling Guo, Hui Cao | Ano: 2003 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: To analyze and compare the constituents of the volatile oil of Pogostemon cablin collected from different regions of cultivation and harvesting times in order to evaluate the quality of Shipai Huoxiang and to expound the chemical intension of Pogostemon cablin.

Resultados: The volatile oil compositions of Herba Pogostemonis collected from various of cultivation regions and harvesting times are obviously different. Based on the chemical differences of the volatile oil compositions, Pogostemon cablin is divided into two chemotypes, Pogostone-type and Patchouliol-type. The former was cultivated in Guangzhou and Gaoyao regions, locally named as "Shipai Huoxiang"; the latter was locally named as "HaiN/A Huoxiang", cultivated in Wuchuan, Suixi and Leizhou regions of Guangdong Province and Wanning region of HaiN/A Province. The Pogostone-type contains rich oxygenated components, especially pogostone in the volatile oil compositions and poor non-oxygenated composition with patchouliol. The above chemical data may be used as evaluation standard for the authentic Shipai Huoxiang. The Patchouliol-type contains similar quantities of oxygenated and non-oxygenated composition, especially rich patchouliol with poor pogostone in oxygenated compositions, rich delta-guaiene and alpha-guaiene in non-oxygenation compositions. The contents of volatile oil and their constituents were varied due to different harvesting time. The yields of pogostone and volatile oil of Shipai Huoxiang was higher in July. The quality of the samples collected in this month was better.

Conclusão: According to the volatile oil compositions, there are two chemotypes (Pogostone-type and Patchouliol-type) in Pogostemon cablin plant. These two chemotypes correspond to the genotypes of plastid matK gene and nuclear 18s rRNA gene by cluster analysis.

β-Patchoulene from patchouli oil protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury via suppressing NF-κB and activating Nrf2 pathways.

Autores: Xiao-Ying Chen, Yao-Xing Dou, Dan-Dan Luo, Zhen-Biao Zhang, Cai-Lan Li, Hui-Fang Zeng, Zi-Ren Su, Jian-Hui Xie, Xiao-Ping Lai, Yu-Cui Li | Ano: 2017 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: β-Patchoulene (β-PAE), a tricyclic sesquiterpene isolated from the essential oil of the leaves and stems of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth., has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of β-PAE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice and to illuminate the underlying mechanisms. ALI was induced by intracheal instillation of LPS into lung, and dexamethasone (DEX) was used as a positive control. Results indicated that pretreatment with β-PAE significantly decreased the mortality rate of mice and lung W/D weight ratio, ameliorated lung pathological changes as compared to model group. Meanwhile, β-PAE pretreatment markedly inhibited the increase of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β secretions in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and prevented LPS-induced elevations of MPO activity and MDA level in the lung. Additionally, β-PAE pretreatment significantly elevated miR-146a expression and suppressed the LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and expression of its mediated genes (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β). β-PAE was also observed to markedly upregulate the Nrf2 and HO-1 expression and activate the antioxidant genes (NQO-1, GCLC and HO-1). Taken together, β-PAE possessed protective effect against LPS-induced ALI, which might be associated with its differential regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 activities and up-regulation of expression of miR-146a. The results rendered β-PAE a promising anti-inflammatory agent worthy of further development into a pharmaceutical drug for the treatment of ALI.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Long-Term Antibacterial Film Nanocomposite Incorporated with Patchouli Essential Oil Prepared by Supercritical CO2 Cyclic Impregnation for Wound Dressing.

Autores: Jingfu Jia, Shulei Duan, Xue Zhou, Lifang Sun, Chengyuan Qin, Ming Li, Fahuan Ge | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Biocompatible skin wound dressing materials with long-term therapeutic windows and anti-infection properties have attracted great attention all over the world. The cooperation between essential oil and non-toxic or bio-based polymers was a promising strategy. However, the inherent volatility and chemical instability of most ingredients in essential oils make the sustained pharmacological activity of essential oil-based biomaterials a challenge. In this study, a kind of film nanocomposite loaded with patchouli essential oil (PEO-FNC) was fabricated. PEO-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (PEO-MSNs) with drug load higher than 40 wt% were firstly prepared using supercritical CO2 cyclic impregnation (SCCI), and then combined with the film matrix consisting of polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan. The morphology of PEO-MSNs and PEO-FNC was observed by transmission and scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties, including hygroscopicity, tensile strength and elongation at break (%), were tested. The release behavior of PEO from the film nanocomposite showed that PEO could keep releasing for more than five days. PEO-FNC exhibited good long-term (>48 h) antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus and non-toxicity on mouse fibroblast (L929 cells), making it a promising wound dressing material.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Antifungal effect of Allium tuberosum, Cinnamomum cassia, and Pogostemon cablin essential oils and their components against population of Aspergillus species.

Autores: Dragana Kocevski, Muying Du, Jianquan Kan, Chengjun Jing, Ines Lačanin, Hrvoje Pavlović | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Antifungal activity of Allium tuberosum (AT), Cinnamomum cassia (CC), and Pogostemon cablin (Patchouli, P) essential oils against Aspergillus flavus strains 3.2758 and 3.4408 and Aspergillus oryzae was tested at 2 water activity levels (aw : 0.95 and 0.98). Main components of tested essential oils were: allyl trisulfide 40.05% (AT), cinnamaldehyde 87.23% (CC), and patchouli alcohol 44.52% (P). The minimal inhibitory concentration of the plant essential oils against A. flavus strains 3.2758 and 3.4408 and A. oryzae was 250 ppm (A. tuberosum and C. cassia), whereas Patchouli essential oil inhibited fungi at concentration > 1500 ppm. The essential oils exhibited suppression effect on colony growth at all concentrations (100, 175, and 250 ppm for A. tuberosum; 25, 50, and 75 for C. cassia; 100, 250, and 500 for P. cablin essential oil). Results of the study represent a solution for possible application of essential oil of C. cassia in different food systems due to its strong inhibitory effect against tested Aspergillus species. In real food system (table grapes), C. cassia essential oil exhibited stronger antifungal activity compared to cinnamaldehyde.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Teor e composição do óleo essencial de patchouli (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. ) após diferentes tempos de secagem em estufa e temperatura ambiente/ Yield and composition of essential oil of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. ) after different drying periods in oven and at room temperatur

Autores: STORCK, R. C.; DESCHAMPS, C. | Ano: 2015 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: RESUMOPatchouli é uma espécie aromática pertencente à família Lamiaceae que possui óleo essencial com alto valor comercial devido à aplicação nas indústrias de higiene, cosméticos e perfumarias. Considerando as características voláteis e estruturas de armazenamento em diferentes órgãos das plantas aromáticas, a determinação de métodos de secagem é de extrema importância e pode afetar tanto o rendimento como a composição do óleo essencial. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar o teor e a composição do óleo essencial de patchouli após secagem por diferentes períodos em estufa e a temperatura ambiente. O experimento foi realizado durante o mês de fevereiro de 2011 em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2X6, correspondente a dois métodos de secagem (estufa 65ºC e temperatura ambiente) e seis tempos para o início da extração do óleo essencial após a (0, 2, 4,6,8 e 10 dias após a colheita),com três repetições. O óleo essencial foi extraído por meio hidrodestilação em aparelho graduado de Clevenger e os constituintes do óleo essencial foram analisados por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas. Houve interação significativa entre os métodos e tempos de secagem tanto para o teor como para a composição do óleo essencial. A secagem das plantas por dois dias em estufa a 65ºC aumentou o teor de óleo essencial, após este período houve redução significativa. Para as folhas secas em temperatura ambiente, o teor de óleo essencial foi superior aos quatro e aos seis dias após a colheita. Comparando-se os métodos, a secagem em estufa mostrou-se mais eficiente, sendo o teor significativamente superior após dois dias de secagem. Após este período, no entanto, houve drástica redução do teor de óleo essencial, sendo inferior ao teor observado em todos os períodos nas folhas secas em temperatura ambiente. Os diferentes métodos e tempos de secagem alteraram também a composição do óleo essencial. Embora a secagem em estufa a 65º por dois dias não tenha resultado em redução dos teores dos constituintes majoritários patchoulol e pogostol, maiores teores foram observados após seis ou oito dias de secagem. Quando a secagem foi realizada a temperatura ambiente, não houve alteração dos teores de ambos os constituintes.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Lethal Effect and Behavioral Responses of Leaf-Cutting Ants to Essential Oil of Pogostemon cablin (Lamiaceae) and Its Nanoformulation.

Autores: A G Rocha, B M S Oliveira, C R Melo, T S Sampaio, A F Blank, A D Lima, R S Nunes, A P A Araújo, P F Cristaldo, L Bacci | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Leaf-cutting ants belonging to the genus Atta (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) are important pests in agricultural and forest environments. In the present study, we evaluated the formicidal activity of the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin and its nanoformulation on the leaf-cutting ants: Atta opaciceps (Borgmeier, 1939), Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758), and Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908. The nanoformulation was developed by magnetic stirring using polyoxyethylene (36%), pure ethanol (36%), essential oil of P. cablin (18%), and water (10%). Bioassays of acute toxicity by fumigation and behavioral bioassays in treated arenas, with and without choice, were performed. The essential oil of P. cablin and its nanoformulation demonstrated efficient insecticidal activity and irritability to ant species. The concentration required to kill 50% of workers varied from 1.06 to 2.10 μL L-1, with a mean time to death of less than or equal to 42 h. The essential oil of P. cablin and its nanoformulation reduced the displacement and velocity speed of the workers of A. opaciceps and A. sexdens rubropilosa in totally treated arenas. In the bioassays with choices, the three species of ants walked less and at a greater speed on the treated side of arena. This work demonstrates the potential of the essential oil of P. cablin and its nanoformulation to the generation of new formicidal products.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Lethal and sublethal effects of an emulsion based on Pogostemon cablin (Lamiaceae) essential oil on the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei.

Autores: Abraão Almeida Santos, Cliver Fernandes Farder-Gomes, Arthur Vieira Ribeiro, Thiago Leandro Costa, Josélia Carvalho Oliveira França, Leandro Bacci, Antônio Jacinto Demuner, José Eduardo Serrão, Marcelo Coutinho Picanço | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The global search for eco-friendly and human-safe pesticides has intensified, and research on essential oils (EOs) has expanded due to their remarkable insecticidal activities and apparent human-safe. Despite this, most of the literature focuses on short-term and simplified efforts to understand lethal effects, with only a few comprehensive studies addressing sublethal exposures. To fill this shortcoming, we explore the lethal and sublethal effects of Pogostemon cablin (Lamiaceae) EO and an EO-based emulsion (18%) using the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) as a model. First, we determine the toxicity of EO and EO-based emulsion using dose-mortality curves and lethal times. Second, we subjected adult females of H. hampei to sublethal doses to assess whether they affected their behavior, reproductive output, and histological features. Our findings reveal that patchoulol (43.05%), α-Guaiene (16.06%), and α-Bulnesene (13.69%) were the main components of the EO. Furthermore, the EO and its emulsion had similar toxicity, with dose-mortality curves and lethal times overlapping 95% confidence intervals. We also observed that sublethal exposure of females of H. hampei reduces reproduction and feeding, increases walking activity, and causes histopathological changes in the midgut. This study advances the knowledge of the lethal and sublethal effects of an eco-friendly substance on insects.Responsible Editor: Giovanni Benelli.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Pocahemiketone A, a Sesquiterpenoid Possessing a Spirocyclic Skeleton with a Hemiketal Endoperoxide Unit, Alleviates Aβ25-35-Induced Pyroptosis and Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells.

Autores: Qin-Mei Zhou, Hao-Yu Zhao, Chuan Ma, Lu Huang, Jie Liu, Li Guo, Cheng Peng, Liang Xiong | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pocahemiketone A, a novel sesquiterpenoid possessing a unique spirocyclic skeleton with a hemiketal endoperoxide unit, was isolated from the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic methods and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Pocahemiketone A exhibits a significant neuroprotective effect against Aβ25-35-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and oxidative stress. These results indicate that pocahemiketone A has great potential for use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Patchouli Essential Oil and Its Derived Compounds Revealed Prebiotic-Like Effects in C57BL/6J Mice.

Autores: Waikit Leong, Guoxin Huang, Imran Khan, Wenrui Xia, Yucui Li, Yuhong Liu, Xiaoang Li, Ruixuan Han, Ziren Su, W L Wendy Hsiao | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth (PC) is a Chinese medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms. To investigate the prebiotic effect of patchouli essential oil (PEO) and its derived compounds through the modulation of gut microbiota (GM). C57BL/6J mice were treated with the PEO and three active components of PEO, i.e. patchouli alcohol (PA), pogostone (PO) and β-patchoulene (β-PAE) for 15 consecutive days. Fecal samples and mucosa were collected for GM biomarkers studies. PEO, PA, PO, and β-PAE improve the gut epithelial barrier by altering the status of E-cadherin vs. N-cadherin expressions, and increasing the mucosal p-lysozyme and Muc 2. Moreover, the treatments also facilitate the polarization of M1 to M2 macrophage phenotypes, meanwhile, suppress the pro-inflammatory cytokines. Fecal microbial DNAs were analyzed and evaluated for GM composition by ERIC-PCR and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The GM diversity was increased with the treated groups compared to the control. Further analysis showed that some known short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, e.g. Anaerostipes butyraticus, Butytivibrio fibrisolvens, Clostridium jejuense, Eubacterium uniforme, and Lactobacillus lactis were significantly enriched in the treated groups. In addition, the key SCFAs receptors, GPR 41, 43 and 109a, were significantly stimulated in the gut epithelial layer of the treated mice. By contract, the relative abundance of pathogens Sutterlla spp., Fusobacterium mortiferum, and Helicobacter spp. were distinctly reduced by the treatments with PEO and β-PAE. Our findings provide insightful information that the microbiota/host dynamic interaction may play a key role for the pharmacological activities of PEO, PA, PO, and β-PAE.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

β-Patchoulene from patchouli oil protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury via suppressing NF-κB and activating Nrf2 pathways.

Autores: Xiao-Ying Chen, Yao-Xing Dou, Dan-Dan Luo, Zhen-Biao Zhang, Cai-Lan Li, Hui-Fang Zeng, Zi-Ren Su, Jian-Hui Xie, Xiao-Ping Lai, Yu-Cui Li | Ano: 2017 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: β-Patchoulene (β-PAE), a tricyclic sesquiterpene isolated from the essential oil of the leaves and stems of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth., has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of β-PAE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice and to illuminate the underlying mechanisms. ALI was induced by intracheal instillation of LPS into lung, and dexamethasone (DEX) was used as a positive control. Results indicated that pretreatment with β-PAE significantly decreased the mortality rate of mice and lung W/D weight ratio, ameliorated lung pathological changes as compared to model group. Meanwhile, β-PAE pretreatment markedly inhibited the increase of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β secretions in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and prevented LPS-induced elevations of MPO activity and MDA level in the lung. Additionally, β-PAE pretreatment significantly elevated miR-146a expression and suppressed the LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and expression of its mediated genes (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β). β-PAE was also observed to markedly upregulate the Nrf2 and HO-1 expression and activate the antioxidant genes (NQO-1, GCLC and HO-1). Taken together, β-PAE possessed protective effect against LPS-induced ALI, which might be associated with its differential regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 activities and up-regulation of expression of miR-146a. The results rendered β-PAE a promising anti-inflammatory agent worthy of further development into a pharmaceutical drug for the treatment of ALI.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Protective effect of the combination of essential oil from patchouli and tangerine peel against gastric ulcer in rats.

Autores: Guanru Chen, Xiaofang Xie, Fu Peng, Tianzhixin Wang, Junren Chen, Gangmin Li, Juan Liu, Cheng Peng | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oil (EO) is the main extract of patchouli and tangerine peel with antiinflammatory, antiulcer, and other functions. However, the efficacy and mechanism of the combination of EO from patchouli and tangerine peel against gastric ulcer (GU) are unclear.

Resultados: The EO from patchouli and tangerine peel at 1:2 ratio of compatibility significantly improved gastric mucosal injury, decreased serum GAS and PGC contents, and increased the PGE2 level in serum (p < 0.05). The mixture of EO from patchouli and tangerine peel (Mix-EO) can reduce the formation of gastric mucosal ulcers, reduce gastric mucosal injury, improve the expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum of the chief cells, repair mitochondrial damage, and inhibit the secretion of gastric acid by parietal cells. Mix-EO at 300 mg/kg can reduce the expression of serum GAS, PGC, SP, CCK, and cAMP/cGMP (p < 0.05 or 0.01); increase the expression of EGF and TFF2 protein in gastric tissues (p < 0.01); and inhibit the expression of JNK, p53, Bax, and Caspase-3 proteins (p < 0.01).

Conclusão: The combination of EO from patchouli and tangerine peel can repair the gastric mucosal damage in GU rats and prevent the occurrence of ulcers by inhibiting the secretion of gastric acid, enhancing the defensive ability of gastric mucosa, and suppressing the apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells. Moreover, the optimal compatible ratio of patchouli and tangerine peel is 1:2.

Sedative effects of inhaled essential oil components of traditional fragrance Pogostemon cablin leaves and their structure-activity relationships.

Autores: Ken Ito, Yasuko Akahoshi, Michiho Ito, Shuji Kaneko | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Plants rich in essential oils, such as Pogostemon cablin (P. cablin; guǎng huò xiāng), have been used for aromas and as herbal medicines since ancient times because of their sedative effects. We investigated the sedative effects of hexane extract from P. cablin using locomotor activity in mice. Inhalation of P. cablin hexane extract exhibited significant sedative activity in a dose-dependent manner. In order to isolate the active constituents, the extract was fractionated and diacetone alcohol was identified as an active compound. Inhalation of diacetone alcohol significantly reduced murine locomotor activity in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was not observed in olfaction-impaired mice. We examined the structure-activity relationship of diacetone alcohol and similar compounds. The ketone group at the two-position and number of carbons may play important roles in the sedative activity of diacetone alcohol.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Analysis of Pogostemon cablin from pharmaceutical research to market performances.

Autores: Meiwan Chen, Jinming Zhang, Yunfeng Lai, Shengpeng Wang, Peng Li, Jian Xiao, Chaomei Fu, Hao Hu, Yitao Wang | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostemon cablin (P. cablin), called Ciruicao or Guanghuoxiang, is a well-known Chinese materia medica in southeast Asia that is widely used in gastrointestinal disease and exterior syndromes, being confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo studies. To exploit this traditional medicine that adequately fits modern drugs, however, a comprehensive review about its pharmacy research and market performance is extremely necessary.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Traditional Patchouli essential oil modulates the host's immune responses and gut microbiota and exhibits potent anti-cancer effects in ApcMin /+ mice.

Autores: Waikit Leong, Guoxin Huang, Weilin Liao, Wenrui Xia, Xiaoang Li, Ziren Su, Liang Liu, Qiang Wu, Vincent Kam Wai Wong, Betty Yuen Kwan Law, Chenglai Xia, Xiaoling Guo, Imran Khan, W L Wendy Hsiao | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Patchouli Essential Oil (PEO) has been used as a scent for various healing purposes since the ancient Egyptian period. The primary source of the oil is Pogostemon cablin (PC), a medicinal plant for treating gastrointestinal symptoms. However, the pharmacological function has not been addressed. Here, we report the cancer prevention and gut microbiota (GM) modulating property of PEO and its derivatives patchouli alcohol (PA) and pogostone (PO) in the ApcMin /+ colorectal cancer mice model. We found that PEO, PA, and PO significantly reduced the tumor burden. At the same time, it strengthened the epithelial barrier, evidenced by substantially increasing the number of the goblet and Paneth cells and upregulation of tight junction and adhesion molecules. In addition, PEO, PA, and PO shifted M1 to M2 macrophage phenotypes and remodeled the inflammatory milieu of ApcMin /+ mice. We also found suppression of CD4+CD25+ and stimulation CD4+ CD8+ cells in the spleen, blood, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and Peyer's patches (PPs) of the treated mice. The composition of the gut microbiome of the drug-treated mice was distinct from the control mice. The drugs stimulated the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producers and the key SCFA-sensing receptors (GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109a). The activation of SCFAs/GPSs also triggered the alterations of PPAR-γ, PYY, and HSDCs signaling mediators in the treated mice. Our work showed that PEO and its derivatives exert potent anti-cancer effects by modulating gut microbiota and improving the intestinal microenvironment of the ApcMmin /+ mice.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Patchouli Extracted via Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SC-CO2) Extraction.

Autores: Syaifullah Muhammad, Abdul Khalil H P S, Shazlina Abd Hamid, Mohammed Danish, M Marwan, Yunardi Yunardi, C K Abdullah, M Faisal, Esam Bashir Yahya | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Patchouli extracts and oils extracted from Pogostemon cablin are essential raw material for the perfume and cosmetics industries, in addition to being used as a natural additive for food flavoring. Steam distillation is a standard method used for plant extraction. However, this method causes thermal degradation of some essential components of the oil. In this study, patchouli was extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) under different conditions of pressure (10-30 MPa) and temperature (40-80 °C). The chemical components of the crude extracted oil and the functional group were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide was shown to provide a higher yield (12.41%) at a pressure of 20 MPa and a temperature of 80 °C. Patchouli alcohol, Azulene, δ-Guaiene, and Seychellene are the main bioactive compounds that GC-MS results have identified. FTIR spectra showed alcohol, aldehyde, and aromatic ring bond stretching peaks. Extraction of patchouli with supercritical carbon dioxide provided a higher yield and a better quality of the crude patchouli oil.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Patchouli Extracted via Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SC-CO2) Extraction.

Autores: Syaifullah Muhammad, Abdul Khalil H P S, Shazlina Abd Hamid, Mohammed Danish, M Marwan, Yunardi Yunardi, C K Abdullah, M Faisal, Esam Bashir Yahya | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Patchouli extracts and oils extracted from Pogostemon cablin are essential raw material for the perfume and cosmetics industries, in addition to being used as a natural additive for food flavoring. Steam distillation is a standard method used for plant extraction. However, this method causes thermal degradation of some essential components of the oil. In this study, patchouli was extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) under different conditions of pressure (10-30 MPa) and temperature (40-80 °C). The chemical components of the crude extracted oil and the functional group were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide was shown to provide a higher yield (12.41%) at a pressure of 20 MPa and a temperature of 80 °C. Patchouli alcohol, Azulene, δ-Guaiene, and Seychellene are the main bioactive compounds that GC-MS results have identified. FTIR spectra showed alcohol, aldehyde, and aromatic ring bond stretching peaks. Extraction of patchouli with supercritical carbon dioxide provided a higher yield and a better quality of the crude patchouli oil.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

A pharmacokinetic study of patchouli alcohol after a single oral administration of patchouli alcohol or patchouli oil in rats.

Autores: Ruoqi Zhang, Peiao Yan, Yunxia Li, Liang Xiong, Xiaohong Gong, Cheng Peng | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostemonis herba is used in traditional Chinese medicine to remove dampness, relieve sunstroke, stop vomiting and increase appetite. Patchouli alcohol, an ingredient in pogostemonis herba, has the potential to treat inflammation as well as bacterial and fungal infections. The essential oil of pogostemonis herba (patchouli oil) is commonly given orally in clinical settings; however, no pharmacokinetic studies have examined its oral administration. The goal of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic behavior of patchouli alcohol following single-dose oral administration in rats; the influence of other patchouli oil components on the pharmacokinetic profile of patchouli alcohol was also examined. In this study, a simple and selective GC/MS method was developed and validated to measure the level of patchouli alcohol in rat plasma. The study revealed that the pharmacokinetics profile was linear in both the patchouli alcohol and patchouli oil groups. The C max and AUC0-t of patchouli alcohol were greater in all three doses of patchouli alcohol compared to corresponding patchouli oil doses. Additionally, the T max values were significantly greater in the patchouli oil group. These results suggest that the other ingredients in patchouli oil influence the pharmacokinetic behavior of patchouli alcohol during its absorption. The results provide a meaningful basis for evaluating the clinical application of patchouli oil and patchouli alcohol.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

[Textual research on history of introduction [corrected] and herbal medicine of Pogostemon cablin].

Autores: You-Gen Wu, Qiao-Sheng Guo, Huan-Qiang Zheng | Ano: 2007 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: To study the history of introduction and herbal medicine of Pogostemon cablin by textual researches and clarify the confusion in literatures.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: It was proved that the term "Huoxiang" in Chinese medicinal works before Ming Dynasty was pointed to P. cablin. The cultivation history of P. cablin in China was traced to Liang Dynasty or before.

Molecular characterization of patchouli (Pogostemon spp) germplasm.

Autores: S S Sandes, M I Zucchi, J B Pinheiro, M M Bajay, C E A Batista, F A Brito, M F Arrigoni-Blank, S V Alvares-Carvalho, R Silva-Mann, A F Blank | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.] is an aromatic, herbaceous plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family native to Southeast Asia. Its leaves produce an essential oil regularly used by the perfume and cosmetics industries. However, since patchouli from the Philippines and India were described and named Pogostemon patchouli, there has been a divergence in the identity of these species. The objective of the current study was to study the genetic diversity of patchouli accessions in the Active Germplasm Bank of Universidade Federal de Sergipe using microsatellite and inter simple sequence repeat markers. The results of both types of molecular markers showed that there are two well-defined clusters of accessions that harbor exclusive alleles. It was observed that these two clusters are genetically distant, suggesting that they belong to two different species. Based on the results, two accessions were classified as Pogostemon heyneanus and the remaining accessions were classified as P. cablin.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

The plastid genome and its implications in barcoding specific-chemotypes of the medicinal herb Pogostemon cablin in China.

Autores: Caiyun Zhang, Tongjian Liu, Xun Yuan, Huirun Huang, Gang Yao, Xiaolu Mo, Xue Xue, Haifei Yan | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Patchouli) is not only an important essential oil plant, but also a valuable medicinal plant in China. P. cablin in China can be divided into three cultivars (Shipai, Gaoyao, and Hainan) and two chemotypes (pogostone-type and patchoulol-type). The pogostone-type and patchoulol-type are, respectively, used for medicinals and perfumes. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the plastid genomes for all three Chinese cultivars and aimed to develop a chemotype-specific barcode for future quality control. The plastid genomes of P. cablin cultivars ranged from 152,461 to 152,462 bp in length and comprise 114 genes including 80 protein coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that P. cablin cultivars clustered with the other two Pogostemon species with strong support. Although extremely conserved in P. cablin plastid genomes, 58 cpSSRs were filtered out among the three cultivars. One single variable locus, cpSSR, was discovered. The cpSSR genotypes successfully matched the chemotypes of Chinese patchouli, which was further supported by PCR-based Sanger sequences in more Chinese patchouli samples. The barcode developed in this study is thought to be a simple and reliable quality control method for Chinese P. cablin on the market.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

T cell inhibition by pogostone from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth: In vitro and in vivo immunosuppressive analysis.

Autores: Jiyan Su, Jingjin He, Ziren Su, Lian Zhou, Yaoying Zeng, Xiaoping Lai, Yucui Li | Ano: 2017 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Various plant-derived compounds exhibit immunosuppressive activity in pre‑clinical investigations, suggesting that they may serve as natural alternatives for the prevention of inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases. The aim of the current study was to explore the immunosuppressive potential of pogostone (PO) derived from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester‑labeled cell tracking demonstrated that PO (20‑80 µM) inhibited Concanavalin A (ConA)‑stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, which was mediated by G0/G1 phase arrest and accompanied by significant decreases in the expression of CD69 (early‑stage activation marker) and CD25 (mid‑stage activation marker) in T cells, as indicated by flow cytometry analysis. Furthermore, the proliferation blocking ability of PO (5‑80 µM) was not associated with cytotoxicity in normal lymphocytes or apoptosis in ConA‑stimulated lymphocytes. The inflammatory cytokine profile determination using a cytometric beads assay revealed that PO inhibited release of anti‑inflammatory interleukin (IL)‑10 and pro‑inflammatory IL‑6 from the stimulated lymphocytes. Furthermore, PO (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg) ameliorated the T‑cell mediated delayed type hypersensitivity response in Balb/c mice by reducing leukocyte infiltration and tissue edema, providing a further validation of the direct immunosuppressive activity of PO. Together, the present data suggest that PO would suppress T cell response via a direct non‑cytotoxic inactivation at the early stage, accompanied by regulation of the inflammatory cytokine profile, which highlights clinical implications for treatment of immune-based disorders.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Influence of storage temperatures and storage time of dry leaves on patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. ] essential oil/ Influência do tempo e temperaturas de armazenamento das folhas secas no óleo essencial de patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. ]

Autores: Arrigoni-Blank, Maria de Fatima; Santos, Priscilla Santana; Blank, Arie Fitzgerald; Brito, Fabiany de Andrade; Andrade, Thiago Matos; Nizio, Daniela Aparecida de Castro; Alves, Péricles Barreto | Ano: 2020 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.] is a plant of the family Lamiaceae, widely used as an essential oil in the cosmetics and perfumery industry. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of storage time and temperature of dry leaves on the patchouli essential oil content and chemical composition. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design in a 6x2x2 factorial scheme, testing storage time (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks) and temperature (28°C and 33°C) of dry leaves of two patchouli genotypes (POG-015 and POG-021). The variables essential oil content and chemical composition, and the identification of fungus during storage were evaluated. Results showed that the storage significantly influenced the essential oil content. Patchoulol was identified as the major compound in both genotypes, ranging from 55.05% to 68.77% (POG-15) and from 52.83% to 64.06% (POG-021). Based on the results of patchoulol, dry leaves of both genotypes (POG-015 and POG-021) can be stored for up to eight weeks at 28- 33°C without altering the essential oil quality.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Effects of patchouli and cinnamon essential oils on biofilm and hyphae formation by Candida species.

Autores: S Farisa Banu, D Rubini, P Shanmugavelan, R Murugan, S Gowrishankar, S Karutha Pandian, P Nithyanand | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The prevalence and fatality rates with biofilm-associated candidal infections have remained a challenge to the medical fraternity despite major advances in the field of antifungal therapy. Traditionally, essential oils (EOs) from the aromatic plants have been found to be excellent therapeutic agents to treat fungal ailments. The present study explores the antivirulent and antibiofilm effects of under explored leaf EOs of Indian patchouli EO extracted from Pogostemon heyneanus (PH), Indian cassia from Cinnamomum tamala (CT) and camphor EO from C. camphora (CC) against Candida species. The EOs were investigated for its efficacy to disrupt the young and preformed Candida spp. biofilms and to inhibit the yeast to hyphal transition, a hallmark virulent trait of C. albicans. The ability of these EOs to inhibit metabolically active cells was assessed through XTT assay. Of these three EOs, CT EO showed enhanced biofilm inhibition than others and hence it was further selected to study its biomass inhibition potential and exopolysaccharide layer disruption ability. The CT EO reduced the biomass of the preformed biofilms of all three Candida strains, which was supported by confocal microscopy. It also disrupted the exopolysaccharide layer of the Candida strains as shown by scanning electron microscopy. The present findings validate the effectiveness of EOs against the virulence of Candida spp. and emphasize the pharmaceutical potential of several native but yet unexplored wild aromatic plants in the prospect of therapeutic application.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Effects of patchouli and cinnamon essential oils on biofilm and hyphae formation by Candida species.

Autores: S Farisa Banu, D Rubini, P Shanmugavelan, R Murugan, S Gowrishankar, S Karutha Pandian, P Nithyanand | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The prevalence and fatality rates with biofilm-associated candidal infections have remained a challenge to the medical fraternity despite major advances in the field of antifungal therapy. Traditionally, essential oils (EOs) from the aromatic plants have been found to be excellent therapeutic agents to treat fungal ailments. The present study explores the antivirulent and antibiofilm effects of under explored leaf EOs of Indian patchouli EO extracted from Pogostemon heyneanus (PH), Indian cassia from Cinnamomum tamala (CT) and camphor EO from C. camphora (CC) against Candida species. The EOs were investigated for its efficacy to disrupt the young and preformed Candida spp. biofilms and to inhibit the yeast to hyphal transition, a hallmark virulent trait of C. albicans. The ability of these EOs to inhibit metabolically active cells was assessed through XTT assay. Of these three EOs, CT EO showed enhanced biofilm inhibition than others and hence it was further selected to study its biomass inhibition potential and exopolysaccharide layer disruption ability. The CT EO reduced the biomass of the preformed biofilms of all three Candida strains, which was supported by confocal microscopy. It also disrupted the exopolysaccharide layer of the Candida strains as shown by scanning electron microscopy. The present findings validate the effectiveness of EOs against the virulence of Candida spp. and emphasize the pharmaceutical potential of several native but yet unexplored wild aromatic plants in the prospect of therapeutic application.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Insecticidal activity of pogostone against Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Autores: Si-Han Huang, Ji-Dong Xian, Song-Zhi Kong, Yu-Cui Li, Jian-Hui Xie, Ji Lin, Jian-Nan Chen, Hong-Feng Wang, Zi-Ren Su | Ano: 2014 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. has been reported to exhibit strong insecticidal activities, but few studies have focused on the insecticidal activity of its main individual constituent, pogostone (PO). The goal of this research was to investigate the insecticidal activity of PO against two harmful noctuid insects, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) and Spodoptera exigua (Hübner).

Resultados: In a no-choice assay, PO exhibited strong antifeedant activity against S. litura and S. exigua. PO showed pronounced larvicidal activities, including oral toxicity (LC50 986.88 mg L(-1) and 545.61 mg L(-1) respectively) and contact toxicity (LC50 1041.42 mg L(-1) and 519.48 mg L(-1) respectively) against these two noctuid insects. Additionally, PO treatment significantly increased the larval and pupal developmental period. Furthermore, PO showed moderate ovicidal activities and influenced the emergence and deformity of the moth. However, PO failed to exert a potent effect on adult development. These tested parameters proved to be dose dependent for both insect species.

Conclusão: PO possesses strong insecticidal activities, especially antifeedant, larvicidal, growth inhibitory and pupicidal activities, against S. litura and S. exigua. PO may partly account for the insecticidal activity of patchouli oil and may be a promising candidate for the control of agricultural insects.

Bio-Insecticidal Nanoemulsions of Essential Oil and Lipid-Soluble Fractions of Pogostemon cablin.

Autores: Keerthiraj Manjesh, Aditi Kundu, Anirban Dutta, Supradip Saha, Bhagyasree Sira Neelakanthaiah | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The present study aimed to develop nanoemulsions (NEs) of essential oil (EO) and lipid-soluble extract (HE) of Pogostemon cablin leaves using biosurfactant, saponin. Hydro-distilled EO and fat-soluble HE were analyzed using GC-MS, which revealed 38.7 ± 2.7% and 37.5 ± 2.1% patchoulol, respectively. EO and HE were formulated with saponin to prepare corresponding coarse emulsions (CEs); furthermore, high-speed homogenization for 2 min was followed by ultrasonication for 3 min with constant frequency of 50 kHz. of the CEs resulted in respective NEs. NEs were characterized for the physico-chemical properties such as emulsion intrinsic stability, particle size distribution, polydispersity index (PDI), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for morphology and accurate nanodroplet diameters. CEs and NEs were investigated for insecticidal efficacy against adults of Tetranychus urticae and larvae of Spodoptera litura. Stable NEs of EO and HE at 500 μg mL-1 concentration exhibited corresponding average particle size of 51.7 and 89.9 nm, while TEM image revealed spherical-shaped droplets with the average droplet diameters of 15.3 and 29.4 nm, respectively. NEs of EO and HE displayed highest efficacy in contact toxicity (LC50 43.2 and 58.4 μg mL-1) after 48 h and fumigant toxicity (LC50 9.3 and 13.6 μg mL-1) after 24 h against T. urticae. In addition, NEs of EO showed considerable antifeedant and feeding deterrent action (AI 99.21 ± 0.74 and FI 99.73 ± 1.24) against S. litura larvae.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Bio-Insecticidal Nanoemulsions of Essential Oil and Lipid-Soluble Fractions of Pogostemon cablin.

Autores: Keerthiraj Manjesh, Aditi Kundu, Anirban Dutta, Supradip Saha, Bhagyasree Sira Neelakanthaiah | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The present study aimed to develop nanoemulsions (NEs) of essential oil (EO) and lipid-soluble extract (HE) of Pogostemon cablin leaves using biosurfactant, saponin. Hydro-distilled EO and fat-soluble HE were analyzed using GC-MS, which revealed 38.7 ± 2.7% and 37.5 ± 2.1% patchoulol, respectively. EO and HE were formulated with saponin to prepare corresponding coarse emulsions (CEs); furthermore, high-speed homogenization for 2 min was followed by ultrasonication for 3 min with constant frequency of 50 kHz. of the CEs resulted in respective NEs. NEs were characterized for the physico-chemical properties such as emulsion intrinsic stability, particle size distribution, polydispersity index (PDI), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for morphology and accurate nanodroplet diameters. CEs and NEs were investigated for insecticidal efficacy against adults of Tetranychus urticae and larvae of Spodoptera litura. Stable NEs of EO and HE at 500 μg mL-1 concentration exhibited corresponding average particle size of 51.7 and 89.9 nm, while TEM image revealed spherical-shaped droplets with the average droplet diameters of 15.3 and 29.4 nm, respectively. NEs of EO and HE displayed highest efficacy in contact toxicity (LC50 43.2 and 58.4 μg mL-1) after 48 h and fumigant toxicity (LC50 9.3 and 13.6 μg mL-1) after 24 h against T. urticae. In addition, NEs of EO showed considerable antifeedant and feeding deterrent action (AI 99.21 ± 0.74 and FI 99.73 ± 1.24) against S. litura larvae.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Lethal and sublethal effects of an emulsion based on Pogostemon cablin (Lamiaceae) essential oil on the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei.

Autores: Abraão Almeida Santos, Cliver Fernandes Farder-Gomes, Arthur Vieira Ribeiro, Thiago Leandro Costa, Josélia Carvalho Oliveira França, Leandro Bacci, Antônio Jacinto Demuner, José Eduardo Serrão, Marcelo Coutinho Picanço | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The global search for eco-friendly and human-safe pesticides has intensified, and research on essential oils (EOs) has expanded due to their remarkable insecticidal activities and apparent human-safe. Despite this, most of the literature focuses on short-term and simplified efforts to understand lethal effects, with only a few comprehensive studies addressing sublethal exposures. To fill this shortcoming, we explore the lethal and sublethal effects of Pogostemon cablin (Lamiaceae) EO and an EO-based emulsion (18%) using the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) as a model. First, we determine the toxicity of EO and EO-based emulsion using dose-mortality curves and lethal times. Second, we subjected adult females of H. hampei to sublethal doses to assess whether they affected their behavior, reproductive output, and histological features. Our findings reveal that patchoulol (43.05%), α-Guaiene (16.06%), and α-Bulnesene (13.69%) were the main components of the EO. Furthermore, the EO and its emulsion had similar toxicity, with dose-mortality curves and lethal times overlapping 95% confidence intervals. We also observed that sublethal exposure of females of H. hampei reduces reproduction and feeding, increases walking activity, and causes histopathological changes in the midgut. This study advances the knowledge of the lethal and sublethal effects of an eco-friendly substance on insects.Responsible Editor: Giovanni Benelli.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Insecticidal and repellence activity of the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin against urban ants species.

Autores: Elânia L D Albuquerque, Janaína K A Lima, Felipe H O Souza, Indira M A Silva, Abraão A Santos, Ana Paula A Araújo, Arie F Blank, Rafaely N Lima, Péricles B Alves, Leandro Bacci | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Ants are highly abundant in neotropical regions, with certain species adapted to the urban environment, where they can cause damage to human health. The main method for controlling ants consists of using organosynthetic insecticides, which are potentially toxic to the environment. Essential plant oils are considered a viable alternative to the use of conventional insecticides. In this study, we analyze the bioinsecticidal activity and repellence of patchouli essential oil (Pogostemon cablin) against three species of urban ants: Camponotus melanoticus, Camponotus novograndensis, and Dorymyrmex thoracicus. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. The major compounds were patchoulol (36.6%) followed by α-bulnesene (13.95%), and α-guaiene (11.96%). Toxicity and repellency bioassays were performed using the essential oil over the ants, and mortality evaluations were performed at 4, 24, and 48 h after performing the bioassays. Mortality percentage of the ants on 7 μg/mg was on average 84%. The essential oil of P. cablin displayed toxicity against all three species of urban ants, with the lowest LD₅₀ being observed for D. thoracicus (2.02 μg oil/mg insect) after 48 h of exposure compared to C. melanoticus (2.34 μg oil/mg insect) and C. novogranadensis (2.95 μg oil/mg insect). The essential oil of P. cablin was strongly repellent to the three species of ants in all concentrations tested (0.01% and 1% v/v). Considering the potential toxicity and repellency of the P. cablin essential oil to the urban ants, future studies could investigate the practical application of this oil to control of this insects.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Insecticidal and repellence activity of the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin against urban ants species.

Autores: Elânia L D Albuquerque, Janaína K A Lima, Felipe H O Souza, Indira M A Silva, Abraão A Santos, Ana Paula A Araújo, Arie F Blank, Rafaely N Lima, Péricles B Alves, Leandro Bacci | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Ants are highly abundant in neotropical regions, with certain species adapted to the urban environment, where they can cause damage to human health. The main method for controlling ants consists of using organosynthetic insecticides, which are potentially toxic to the environment. Essential plant oils are considered a viable alternative to the use of conventional insecticides. In this study, we analyze the bioinsecticidal activity and repellence of patchouli essential oil (Pogostemon cablin) against three species of urban ants: Camponotus melanoticus, Camponotus novograndensis, and Dorymyrmex thoracicus. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. The major compounds were patchoulol (36.6%) followed by α-bulnesene (13.95%), and α-guaiene (11.96%). Toxicity and repellency bioassays were performed using the essential oil over the ants, and mortality evaluations were performed at 4, 24, and 48 h after performing the bioassays. Mortality percentage of the ants on 7 μg/mg was on average 84%. The essential oil of P. cablin displayed toxicity against all three species of urban ants, with the lowest LD₅₀ being observed for D. thoracicus (2.02 μg oil/mg insect) after 48 h of exposure compared to C. melanoticus (2.34 μg oil/mg insect) and C. novogranadensis (2.95 μg oil/mg insect). The essential oil of P. cablin was strongly repellent to the three species of ants in all concentrations tested (0.01% and 1% v/v). Considering the potential toxicity and repellency of the P. cablin essential oil to the urban ants, future studies could investigate the practical application of this oil to control of this insects.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Evaluation of the Larvicidal Potential of the Essential Oil Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth in the Control of Aedes aegypti.

Autores: Lizandra Lima Santos, Lethicia Barreto Brandão, Rosany Lopes Martins, Erica de Menezes Rabelo, Alex Bruno Lobato Rodrigues, Camila Mendes da Conceição Vieira Araújo, Talita Fernandes Sobral, Allan Kardec Ribeiro Galardo, Sheylla Susan Moreira da Silva de Ameida | Ano: 2019 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The objective of this work was to collect information on the chemical constituents that demonstrate the larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, as well as the antioxidant, microbiological, and cytotoxicity potential of the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin leaves. The chemical characterization was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The larvicidal activity was performed according to the protocol of the World Health Organization. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through the sequestering capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazine (DPPH). As for the microbiological evaluation, the microdilution technique was used, according to the protocol of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated against the larvae of Artemia salina. The species P. cablin presented the following compounds: Patchouli alcohol (33.25%), Seyshellene (6.12%), α-bulnesene (4.11%), Pogostol (6.33%), and Norpatchoulenol (5.72%), which was in synergy with the other substances may significantly potentiate the larvicidal action of the species with the LC50 of 28.43 μg·mL-1. There was no antioxidant activity, however, it presented antimicrobial activity against all bacteria tested with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 62.5 μg·mL-1. The species demonstrated significant toxic action with LC50 of 24.25 μg·mL-1. Therefore, the P. cablin species showed significant larvicidal potential, antimicrobial activity, the absence of antioxidant action, and high toxicity.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Larvicidal and pupicidal evaluation of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Aquilaria sinensis and Pogostemon cablin essential oils against dengue and zika viruses vector Aedes albopictus mosquito and its histopathological analysis.

Autores: Hassan Ga'al, Hatem Fouad, Guofeng Mao, Jiaxin Tian, Mo Jianchu | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Mosquitoes pose a threat to humans and animals, causing millions of deaths every year. Vector control by effective eco-friendly pesticides of natural origin is a serious issue that requires urgent attention. The employment of green-reducing extracts for nanoparticles biosynthesis in a rapid and single-step process represents a promising strategy. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biofabricated using an essential oil of Aquilaria sinensis (AsEO) and Pogostemonis Herba essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (PcEO) in one step and cost-effective manner. UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to confirm the AgNPs formation and their biophysical characterization. The larvicidal and pupicidal toxicity of AsEO, PcEO and biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated against larvae and pupae of the dengue and Zika virus vector Aedes albopictus. Compared to the tested essential oils, the biofabricated AgNPs showed the highest toxicity against larvae and pupae of Ae.albopictus. In particular, the LC50 values of AsEO ranged from 44.23 (I) to 166 (pupae), LC50 values of PcEO ranged from 32.49 (I) to 90.05(IV), LC50 values of AsEO-AgNPs from 0.81 (I) to 1.12 (IV) and LC50 values of PcEO-AgPNs from 0.85 (I) to 1.19 (IV). Furthermore, histological analysis of the midgut cells of the control and treated larvae exhibited that the epithelial cells and brush border were highly affected by the fabricated AgNPs compared to the essential oils (AsEO and PcEO). Overall, the A. sinensis and P. cablin essential oils fabricated AgNPs have a potential of application as a biopesticide for mosquito control through safer and cost-effective approach.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Larvicidal and pupicidal evaluation of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Aquilaria sinensis and Pogostemon cablin essential oils against dengue and zika viruses vector Aedes albopictus mosquito and its histopathological analysis.

Autores: Hassan Ga'al, Hatem Fouad, Guofeng Mao, Jiaxin Tian, Mo Jianchu | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Mosquitoes pose a threat to humans and animals, causing millions of deaths every year. Vector control by effective eco-friendly pesticides of natural origin is a serious issue that requires urgent attention. The employment of green-reducing extracts for nanoparticles biosynthesis in a rapid and single-step process represents a promising strategy. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biofabricated using an essential oil of Aquilaria sinensis (AsEO) and Pogostemonis Herba essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (PcEO) in one step and cost-effective manner. UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to confirm the AgNPs formation and their biophysical characterization. The larvicidal and pupicidal toxicity of AsEO, PcEO and biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated against larvae and pupae of the dengue and Zika virus vector Aedes albopictus. Compared to the tested essential oils, the biofabricated AgNPs showed the highest toxicity against larvae and pupae of Ae.albopictus. In particular, the LC50 values of AsEO ranged from 44.23 (I) to 166 (pupae), LC50 values of PcEO ranged from 32.49 (I) to 90.05(IV), LC50 values of AsEO-AgNPs from 0.81 (I) to 1.12 (IV) and LC50 values of PcEO-AgPNs from 0.85 (I) to 1.19 (IV). Furthermore, histological analysis of the midgut cells of the control and treated larvae exhibited that the epithelial cells and brush border were highly affected by the fabricated AgNPs compared to the essential oils (AsEO and PcEO). Overall, the A. sinensis and P. cablin essential oils fabricated AgNPs have a potential of application as a biopesticide for mosquito control through safer and cost-effective approach.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Inhalation of Patchouli (Pogostemon Cablin Benth.) Essential Oil Improved Metabolic Parameters in Obesity-Induced Sprague Dawley Rats.

Autores: Seong Jun Hong, Jinju Cho, Chang Guk Boo, Moon Yeon Youn, Jeong Hoon Pan, Jae Kyeom Kim, Eui-Cheol Shin | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study investigated effects of patchouli essential oil (PEO) inhalation on metabolic parameters. First, to characterize aromatic compounds in PEO, solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometric detection was employed in which 19 aromatic compounds were identified. In GC-olfactometry analysis, linalool, α-patchoulene, and β-patchoulene were found to be the constituents exhibiting the highest similarity to the aromatic compounds in patchouli. In an animal experiment using Sprague Darley rats, groups with PEO inhalation had a reduced food intake compared to the control group. Additionally, body weight was lower in the obesity-induced animal model exposed to PEO inhalation than the group without PEO. However, we found no significant difference in organ weights between groups. In our serum analysis, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly higher in the PEO inhalation groups, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content was highest in the positive control group, suggesting that inhalation of the aromatic compounds present in patchouli may improve cholesterol profile. In addition, leptin levels were reduced in the groups treated with PEO inhalation, which explains the differences in food intake and body weight gains. Last, animal groups exposed to PEO inhalation showed a relatively lower systolic blood pressure which suggests that inhalation of PEO (or aromatic compounds therein) may assist in regulating blood pressure. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the inhalation of PEO influenced certain markers related to metabolic diseases, hence provide basic data for future research as to preventive/therapeutic applications of PEO as well as their aromatic constituents.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Effects of fragrance inhalation on sympathetic activity in normal adults.

Autores: Shinichiro Haze, Keiko Sakai, Yoko Gozu | Ano: 2002 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: We investigated the effects of fragrance inhalation on sympathetic activity in normal adult subjects using both power spectral analysis of blood pressure fluctuations and measurement of plasma catecholamine levels. Fragrance inhalation of essential oils, such as pepper oil, estragon oil, fennel oil or grapefruit oil, resulted in 1.5- to 2.5-fold increase in relative sympathetic activity, representing low frequency amplitude of systolic blood pressure (SBP-LF amplitude), compared with inhalation of an odorless solvent, triethyl citrate (P<0.05, each). In contrast, fragrance inhalation of rose oil or patchouli oil caused a 40% decrease in relative sympathetic activity (P<0.01, each). Fragrance inhalation of pepper oil induced a 1.7-fold increase in plasma adrenaline concentration compared with the resting state (P = 0.06), while fragrance inhalation of rose oil caused a 30% decrease in adrenaline concentration (P<0.01). Our results indicate that fragrance inhalation of essential oils may modulate sympathetic activity in normal adults.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

A Comprehensive in vitro and in silico Analysis of Nematicidal Action of Essential Oils.

Autores: Aditi Kundu, Anirban Dutta, Abhishek Mandal, Lalit Negi, Monika Malik, Rajshekhar Puramchatwad, Jyoti Antil, Anupama Singh, Uma Rao, Supradip Saha, Rajesh Kumar, Neeraj Patanjali, Suman Manna, Anil Kumar, Sukanta Dash, P K Singh | Ano: 2020 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Nematicidal potential of essential oils (EOs) has been widely reported. Terpenoids present in most of the essential oils have been reported responsible for their bioactivity though very less is known about their modes of action. In the present study, an in vitro screening of nine Eos, namely, Citrus sinensis (OEO), Myrtus communis (MTEO), Eucalyptus citriodora (CEO), Melaleuca alternifolia (TEO), Acorus calamus (AEO), Commiphora myrrha (MREO), Cymbopogon nardus (CNEO), Artemisia absinthium (WEO), and Pogostemon cablin (PEO) against Meloidogyne incognita revealed OEO, CNEO, and TEO as most effective with LC50 39.37, 43.22, and 76.28 μg ml-1 respectively. EOs had varying compositions of mono- and sesquiterpenes determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The in silico molecular interactions screening of major EO constituents and the seven selected target proteins of the nematode indicated highest binding affinity of geraniol-ODR1 (odorant response gene 1) complex (ΔG = -36.9 kcal mol-1), due to extensive H-bonding, hydrophobic and π-alkyl interactions. The relative binding affinity followed the order: geraniol-ODR1 > β-terpineol-ODR1 > citronellal-ODR1 > l-limonene-ODR1 > γ-terpinene-ODR1. Taken together, the cumulative in vitro and computational bioefficacy analysis related to the chemoprofiles of EOs provides useful leads on harnessing the potential of EOs as bionematicides. The insight on biochemical ligand-target protein interactions described in the present work will be helpful in logical selection of biomolecules and essential oils for development of practically viable bionematicidal products.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Nematicidal and Molecular Docking Investigation of Essential Oils from Pogostemon cablin Ecotypes against Meloidogyne incognita.

Autores: M Keerthiraj, Abhishek Mandal, Tushar Kanti Dutta, Supradip Saha, Anirban Dutta, Anupama Singh, Aditi Kundu | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most destructive nematodes worldwide. Essential oils (EOs) are being extensively utilized as eco-benign bionematicides, although the precise mechanism of action remains unclear. Pogostemon cablin Benth. is well-known as "Patchouli". It is native to South East Asia and known for ethno-pharmacological properties. In this study, chemical composition and potential nematicidal effect of EOs hydrodistilled from the leaves of P. cablin grown at three different locations in India were comprehensively investigated to correlate their mechanism of action for target specific binding affinities toward nematode proteins. Aromatic volatile Pogostemon essential oils (PEO) from Northern India (PEO-NI), Southern India (PEO-SI) and North Eastern India (PEO-NEI) were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) to characterize forty volatile compounds. Maximum thirty-three components were identified in PEO-NEI. Sesquiterpenes were predominant with higher content of α-guaiene (2.3-24.4 %), patchoulol (6.1-32.7 %) and α-bulnesene (5.9-27.1 %). Patchoulol was the major component in PEO-SI (32.7±1.2 %) and PEO-NEI (29.2±1.1 %), while α-guaiene in PEO-NI (24.4±1.2 %). In vitro nematicidal assay revealed significant nematicidal action (LC50 44.6-87.0 μg mL-1 ) against juveniles of M. incognita within 24 h exposure. Mortality increases with increasing time to 48 h (LC50 33.6-71.6 μg mL-1 ) and 72 h (LC50 27.7-61.2 μg mL-1 ). Molecular modelling and in silico studies revealed multi-modal inhibitive action of α-bulnesene (-22 to -13 kJ mol-1 ) and α-guaiene (-22 to -12 kJ mol-1 ) against three target proteins namely, acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), odorant response gene-1 (ODR1), odorant response gene-3 (ODR3). Most preferable binding mechanism was observed against AChE due to pi-alkyl, pi-sigma, and hydrophobic interactions. Structure nematicidal activity relationship suggested the presence of hydroxy group for nematicidal activity is nonessential, rather highly depends on synergistic composition of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Nematicidal and Molecular Docking Investigation of Essential Oils from Pogostemon cablin Ecotypes against Meloidogyne incognita.

Autores: M Keerthiraj, Abhishek Mandal, Tushar Kanti Dutta, Supradip Saha, Anirban Dutta, Anupama Singh, Aditi Kundu | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most destructive nematodes worldwide. Essential oils (EOs) are being extensively utilized as eco-benign bionematicides, although the precise mechanism of action remains unclear. Pogostemon cablin Benth. is well-known as "Patchouli". It is native to South East Asia and known for ethno-pharmacological properties. In this study, chemical composition and potential nematicidal effect of EOs hydrodistilled from the leaves of P. cablin grown at three different locations in India were comprehensively investigated to correlate their mechanism of action for target specific binding affinities toward nematode proteins. Aromatic volatile Pogostemon essential oils (PEO) from Northern India (PEO-NI), Southern India (PEO-SI) and North Eastern India (PEO-NEI) were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) to characterize forty volatile compounds. Maximum thirty-three components were identified in PEO-NEI. Sesquiterpenes were predominant with higher content of α-guaiene (2.3-24.4 %), patchoulol (6.1-32.7 %) and α-bulnesene (5.9-27.1 %). Patchoulol was the major component in PEO-SI (32.7±1.2 %) and PEO-NEI (29.2±1.1 %), while α-guaiene in PEO-NI (24.4±1.2 %). In vitro nematicidal assay revealed significant nematicidal action (LC50 44.6-87.0 μg mL-1 ) against juveniles of M. incognita within 24 h exposure. Mortality increases with increasing time to 48 h (LC50 33.6-71.6 μg mL-1 ) and 72 h (LC50 27.7-61.2 μg mL-1 ). Molecular modelling and in silico studies revealed multi-modal inhibitive action of α-bulnesene (-22 to -13 kJ mol-1 ) and α-guaiene (-22 to -12 kJ mol-1 ) against three target proteins namely, acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), odorant response gene-1 (ODR1), odorant response gene-3 (ODR3). Most preferable binding mechanism was observed against AChE due to pi-alkyl, pi-sigma, and hydrophobic interactions. Structure nematicidal activity relationship suggested the presence of hydroxy group for nematicidal activity is nonessential, rather highly depends on synergistic composition of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Characteristic Changes in the Aroma Profile of Patchouli Depending on Manufacturing Process.

Autores: Toshio Hasegawa, Kazuma Yoshitome, Takashi Fujihara, Mardi Santoso, Muhammad Abdul Aziz | Ano: 2017 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Patchouli is used as an incense material and essential oil. The characteristic odor of patchouli leaves results from the drying process used in their production; however, there have to date been no reports on the changes in the odor of patchouli leaves during the drying process. We investigated the aroma profile of dried patchouli leaves using the hexane extracts of fresh and dried patchouli leaves. We focused on the presence or absence of the constituents of the fresh and dried extracts, and the differences in the content of the common constituents. Fourteen constituents were identified as characteristic of dried patchouli extract odor by gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis. The structures of seven of the 14 constituents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (α-patchoulene, seychellene, humulene, α-bulnesene, isoaromadendrene epoxide, caryophyllene oxide, and patchouli alcohol). The aroma profile of the essential oil obtained from the dried patchouli leaves was clearly different from that of dried patchouli. The aroma profile of the essential oil was investigated by a similar method. We identified 12 compounds as important odor constituents. The structures of nine of the 12 constituents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (cis-thujopsene, caryophyllene, α-guaiene, α-patchoulene, seychellene, α-bulnesene, isoaromadendrene epoxide, patchouli alcohol, and corymbolone). Comparing the odors and constituents demonstrated that the aroma profile of patchouli depends on the manufacturing process.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

The diverse sesquiterpene profile of patchouli, Pogostemon cablin, is correlated with a limited number of sesquiterpene synthases.

Autores: Fabienne Deguerry, Laurence Pastore, Shuiqin Wu, Anthony Clark, Joseph Chappell, Michel Schalk | Ano: 2006 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostemon cablin (patchouli), like many plants within the Lamiaceae, accumulates large amounts of essential oil. Patchouli oil is unique because it consists of over 24 different sesquiterpenes, rather than a blend of different mono-, sesqui- and di-terpene compounds. To determine if this complex mixture of sesquiterpenes arises from an equal number of unique sesquiterpene synthases, we developed a RT-PCR strategy to isolate and functionally characterize the respective patchouli oil synthase genes. Unexpectedly, only five terpene synthase cDNA genes were isolated. Four of the cDNAs encode for synthases catalyzing the biosynthesis of one major sesquiterpene, including a gamma-curcumene synthase, two germacrene D synthases, and a germacrene A synthase. The fifth cDNA encodes for a patchoulol synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of FPP to patchoulol plus at least 13 additional sesquiterpene products. Equally intriguing, the yield of the different in vitro reaction products resembles quantitatively and qualitatively the profile of sesquiterpenes found in patchouli oil extracted from plants, suggesting that a single terpene synthase is responsible for the bulk and diversity of terpene products produced in planta.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Traditional Patchouli essential oil modulates the host's immune responses and gut microbiota and exhibits potent anti-cancer effects in ApcMin /+ mice.

Autores: Waikit Leong, Guoxin Huang, Weilin Liao, Wenrui Xia, Xiaoang Li, Ziren Su, Liang Liu, Qiang Wu, Vincent Kam Wai Wong, Betty Yuen Kwan Law, Chenglai Xia, Xiaoling Guo, Imran Khan, W L Wendy Hsiao | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Patchouli Essential Oil (PEO) has been used as a scent for various healing purposes since the ancient Egyptian period. The primary source of the oil is Pogostemon cablin (PC), a medicinal plant for treating gastrointestinal symptoms. However, the pharmacological function has not been addressed. Here, we report the cancer prevention and gut microbiota (GM) modulating property of PEO and its derivatives patchouli alcohol (PA) and pogostone (PO) in the ApcMin /+ colorectal cancer mice model. We found that PEO, PA, and PO significantly reduced the tumor burden. At the same time, it strengthened the epithelial barrier, evidenced by substantially increasing the number of the goblet and Paneth cells and upregulation of tight junction and adhesion molecules. In addition, PEO, PA, and PO shifted M1 to M2 macrophage phenotypes and remodeled the inflammatory milieu of ApcMin /+ mice. We also found suppression of CD4+CD25+ and stimulation CD4+ CD8+ cells in the spleen, blood, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and Peyer's patches (PPs) of the treated mice. The composition of the gut microbiome of the drug-treated mice was distinct from the control mice. The drugs stimulated the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producers and the key SCFA-sensing receptors (GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109a). The activation of SCFAs/GPSs also triggered the alterations of PPAR-γ, PYY, and HSDCs signaling mediators in the treated mice. Our work showed that PEO and its derivatives exert potent anti-cancer effects by modulating gut microbiota and improving the intestinal microenvironment of the ApcMmin /+ mice.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Prevention of UV radiation-induced cutaneous photoaging in mice by topical administration of patchouli oil.

Autores: Rong-Feng Lin, Xue-Xuan Feng, Chu-Wen Li, Xiao-Jun Zhang, Xiu-Ting Yu, Jiu-Yao Zhou, Xie Zhang, You-Liang Xie, Zi-Ren Su, Janis Ya-Xian Zhan | Ano: 2014 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostemon cablin has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of many diseases, including skin disorders. In the skin beauty and care prescriptions, Pogostemon cablin is one of the top ten frequently used traditional Chinese medicines.

Resultados: Compared to UV exposure groups, present results showed that topical administration of PO, especially at dose of 6mg/mouse and 9mg/mouse, significantly inhibited the increase in skin wrinkle formation, alleviated the reduction in skin elasticity and increased the collagen content by about 21.9% and 26.3%, respectively. We also found that application of 6-9mg/mouse PO could not only decrease the epidermal thickness by about 32.6%, but also prevent the UV-induced disruption of collagen fibers and elastic fibers. Furthermore, the content of MDA was decreased by almost 26.5% and activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT were significantly up-regulated after the treatment of PO.

Conclusão: Results of present study revealed that PO was capable of maintaining skin structural integrity caused by UV irradiation and it was useful in preventing photoaging. These protective effects of PO were possibly due to its anti-oxidative property. Therefore, we suggested that PO should be viewed as a potential therapeutic agent for preventing photoaging.

PatDREB Transcription Factor Activates Patchoulol Synthase Gene Promoter and Positively Regulates Jasmonate-Induced Patchoulol Biosynthesis.

Autores: Xiuzhen Chen, Xiaobing Wang, Daidi Wu, Junren Li, Huiling Huang, Xilin Wang, Ruoting Zhan, Likai Chen | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The production of patchoulol in the patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) plant determines its application value, as it is the principal active sesquiterpene of essential oil extracted from this plant. Here, the promoter of patchoulol synthase gene (PatPTSpro) was isolated and found to be methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced. A nucleus-localized AP2/ERF transcription factor PatDREB was identified as a transcription activator binding to PatPTSpro, regulating patchoulol biosynthesis through modulating the gene expression. PatDREB also interacts with jasmonate ZIM-domain 4 (JAZ4). Furthermore, PatDREB could physically interact with the MYB-related transcription factor PatSWC4 and synergistically facilitate patchoulol biosynthesis. However, the transcriptional activation activity of the PatDREB-PatSWC4 complex could be inhibited by PatJAZ4, and JA could reverse this interference. Overall, we demonstrated the positive roles of PatDREB and the PatDREB-PatSWC4 complex in regulating patchoulol production, which advance our understanding of the regulatory network of patchoulol biosynthesis.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

PatDREB Transcription Factor Activates Patchoulol Synthase Gene Promoter and Positively Regulates Jasmonate-Induced Patchoulol Biosynthesis.

Autores: Xiuzhen Chen, Xiaobing Wang, Daidi Wu, Junren Li, Huiling Huang, Xilin Wang, Ruoting Zhan, Likai Chen | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The production of patchoulol in the patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) plant determines its application value, as it is the principal active sesquiterpene of essential oil extracted from this plant. Here, the promoter of patchoulol synthase gene (PatPTSpro) was isolated and found to be methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced. A nucleus-localized AP2/ERF transcription factor PatDREB was identified as a transcription activator binding to PatPTSpro, regulating patchoulol biosynthesis through modulating the gene expression. PatDREB also interacts with jasmonate ZIM-domain 4 (JAZ4). Furthermore, PatDREB could physically interact with the MYB-related transcription factor PatSWC4 and synergistically facilitate patchoulol biosynthesis. However, the transcriptional activation activity of the PatDREB-PatSWC4 complex could be inhibited by PatJAZ4, and JA could reverse this interference. Overall, we demonstrated the positive roles of PatDREB and the PatDREB-PatSWC4 complex in regulating patchoulol production, which advance our understanding of the regulatory network of patchoulol biosynthesis.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Synthesis of 4-methylvaleric acid, a precursor of pogostone, involves a 2-isobutylmalate synthase related to 2-isopropylmalate synthase of leucine biosynthesis.

Autores: Chu Wang, Ying Wang, Jing Chen, Lang Liu, Mingxia Yang, Zhengguo Li, Chengyuan Wang, Eran Pichersky, Haiyang Xu | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: We show here that the side chain of pogostone, one of the major components of patchouli oil obtained from Pogostemon cablin and possessing a variety of pharmacological activities, is derived from 4-methylvaleric acid. We also show that 4-methylvaleric acid is produced through the one-carbon α-ketoacid elongation pathway with the involvement of the key enzyme 2-isobutylmalate synthase (IBMS), a newly identified enzyme related to isopropylmalate synthase (IPMS) of leucine (Leu) biosynthesis. Site-directed mutagenesis identified Met132 in the N-terminal catalytic region as affecting the substrate specificity of PcIBMS1. Even though PcIBMS1 possesses the C-terminal domain that in IPMS serves to mediate Leu inhibition, it is insensitive to Leu. The observation of the evolution of IBMS from IPMS, as well as previously reported examples of IPMS-related genes involved in making glucosinolates in Brassicaceae, acylsugars in Solanaceae, and flavour compounds in apple, indicate that IPMS genes represent an important pool for the independent evolution of genes for specialised metabolism.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Synthesis of 4-methylvaleric acid, a precursor of pogostone, involves a 2-isobutylmalate synthase related to 2-isopropylmalate synthase of leucine biosynthesis.

Autores: Chu Wang, Ying Wang, Jing Chen, Lang Liu, Mingxia Yang, Zhengguo Li, Chengyuan Wang, Eran Pichersky, Haiyang Xu | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: We show here that the side chain of pogostone, one of the major components of patchouli oil obtained from Pogostemon cablin and possessing a variety of pharmacological activities, is derived from 4-methylvaleric acid. We also show that 4-methylvaleric acid is produced through the one-carbon α-ketoacid elongation pathway with the involvement of the key enzyme 2-isobutylmalate synthase (IBMS), a newly identified enzyme related to isopropylmalate synthase (IPMS) of leucine (Leu) biosynthesis. Site-directed mutagenesis identified Met132 in the N-terminal catalytic region as affecting the substrate specificity of PcIBMS1. Even though PcIBMS1 possesses the C-terminal domain that in IPMS serves to mediate Leu inhibition, it is insensitive to Leu. The observation of the evolution of IBMS from IPMS, as well as previously reported examples of IPMS-related genes involved in making glucosinolates in Brassicaceae, acylsugars in Solanaceae, and flavour compounds in apple, indicate that IPMS genes represent an important pool for the independent evolution of genes for specialised metabolism.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Desenvolvimento vegetativo e produção de óleo essencial de patchouli (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. ) após a aplicação de ácido giberélico e extrato de alga marinha/ Development and essential oil production of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. patchouli after applying gibberellic acid and seaweed extract

Autores: Storck, R. C; Deschamps, C; Mógor, A. F; Coccô, L. C; Scheer, A. P; Yamamoto, C. I | Ano: 2013 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth., comumente conhecido como patchouli, é uma espécie aromática utilizada pela indústria de perfumes devido a fragrância amadeirada e propriedade fixadora do óleo essencial. Fatores que afetam o teor dos constituintes do óleo essencial devem ser avaliados visando obter matéria prima de melhor qualidade. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação com delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x3 e 4 repetições, sendo dois níveis de giberelina (0 e 200 mg L-1) e três níveis de extrato de alga marinha (0, 15 e 30 mg L-1). A aplicação dos reguladores vegetais foi realizada 30 dias após o plantio das mudas, e a avaliação do experimento deu-se 45 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. Não houve diferença significativa para a altura das plantas, a concentração de extrato de alga marinha de 15 mg L-1 promoveu aumento no número de folhas em relação à testemunha e a concentração de 30 mg L-1 promoveu decréscimo. Em relação à área foliar e ao número de folhas houve relação inversa para os níveis de extrato de alga marinha, onde o tratamento com maior concentração do regulador resultou em aumento da área foliar e redução do número de folhas. O teor de óleo essencial foi superior após a aplicação de 15 mg L-1 de extrato alga marinha isoladamente ou combinado com GA3. A produtividade do óleo essencial também aumentou com a aplicação 15 mg L-1 de extrato de alga marinha e quando utilizado somente GA3. A utilização de extrato de alga marinha aumentou a concentração de patchoulol no óleo essencial.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Colored shade nets induced changes in growth, anatomy and essential oil of Pogostemon cablin.

Autores: Aurislaine S Ribeiro, Mariana S Ribeiro, Suzan K V Bertolucci, Wanderley J M Bittencourt, Alexandre A DE Carvalho, Wesley N Tostes, Eduardo Alves, José E B P Pinto | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of colored shade nets on the growth, anatomy and essential oil content, yield and chemical composition of Pogostemon cablin. The plants were cultivated under full sunlight, black, blue and red nets. The harvesting was performed 5 months after planting and it was followed by the analysis of plant growth parameters, leaf anatomy, essential oil content, yield and chemical composition. The plants grown under red net have produced more leaf, shoot, total dry weight and leaf area. Plants cultivated under colored nets showed differences in morphological features. Plants maintained under red net had a higher leaf blade thickness and polar and equatorial diameter of the stomata ratio. Additionally, higher yield of essential oil in the leaves was observed under red and blue colored shade net. The essential oil of the plants grown under red net showed the highest relative percentage of patchoulol (66.84%). Therefore, it is possible using colored shade nets to manipulate P. cablin growth, as well as its essential oil production with several chemical compositions. The analyses of principal components allowed observing that pogostol has negative correlation with α-guaiene and α-bulnesene. There was difference in total dry weight and patchoulol content when the patchouli is cultured under the red colored shade nets.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from six lamiaceae folk medicinal plants.

Autores: Jiahui Sun, Peipei Sun, Chuanzhi Kang, Lanyue Zhang, Lanping Guo, Yaping Kou | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Essential oils have attracted wide attention in recent years due to their extensive applications in natural functional ingredients, pharmaceutical preparations, biomedical products, and the cosmetics industry. In this study, the chemical compositions and biological activities of essential oils extracted from six Lamiaceae herbs, including Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (PCEO), Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton (PFEO), Salvia japonica Thunb. (SJEO), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (ROEO), Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (LAEO), and Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Kuntze (AREO), were determined and analyzed. A total of 167 components were identified from the six essential oils by GC-MS analysis, with 35, 24, 47, 46, 54, and 37 components in PCEO, PFEO, SJEO, ROEO, LAEO, and AREO, respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis of chemical compositions showed that the composition of the six essential oils was significantly different in content, and they were clearly divided into six classes. However, all of these six essential oils exhibited promising anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the expression of interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cyclooxygenase-2 in rats with adjuvant arthritis, among which PFEO had the best performance. In addition, the six essential oils displayed significant cytotoxicity on B16 (IC50 = 86.91-228.91 μg/mL) and LNCaP cell lines (IC50 = 116.4-189.63 μg/mL). Meanwhile, all of them presented satisfactory antioxidant activity (IC50 = 4.88-13.89 μg/mL) compared with Trolox C (IC50 = 13.83 μg/mL), and SJEO (IC50 = 7.93 μg/mL) served as an optimal candidate natural antioxidant by DPPH assay. Taken together, these results indicate that the six Lamiaceae essential oils manifest excellent and diverse biological activities, enabling them to be used as perfect natural functional ingredients in antioxidant, antitumor, or anti-arthritic drugs. This study provides more references for pharmaphylogeny research and drug discovery from folk medicinal plants.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Influence of storage temperatures and storage time of dry leaves on patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. ] essential oil/ Influência do tempo e temperaturas de armazenamento das folhas secas no óleo essencial de patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. ]

Autores: Arrigoni-Blank, Maria de Fatima; Santos, Priscilla Santana; Blank, Arie Fitzgerald; Brito, Fabiany de Andrade; Andrade, Thiago Matos; Nizio, Daniela Aparecida de Castro; Alves, Péricles Barreto | Ano: 2020 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: Patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.] is a plant of the family Lamiaceae, widely used as an essential oil in the cosmetics and perfumery industry. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of storage time and temperature of dry leaves on the patchouli essential oil content and chemical composition. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design in a 6x2x2 factorial scheme, testing storage time (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks) and temperature (28°C and 33°C) of dry leaves of two patchouli genotypes (POG-015 and POG-021). The variables essential oil content and chemical composition, and the identification of fungus during storage were evaluated. Results showed that the storage significantly influenced the essential oil content. Patchoulol was identified as the major compound in both genotypes, ranging from 55.05% to 68.77% (POG-15) and from 52.83% to 64.06% (POG-021). Based on the results of patchoulol, dry leaves of both genotypes (POG-015 and POG-021) can be stored for up to eight weeks at 28- 33°C without altering the essential oil quality.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Quantitative and fingerprinting analysis of Pogostemon cablin based on GC-FID combined with chemometrics.

Autores: Yinhui Yang, Weijun Kong, Huanhuan Feng, Xiaowen Dou, Lianhua Zhao, Qiang Xiao, Meihua Yang | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In this study, a simple, sensitive and reliable gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) method is established for quantitative chemical fingerprinting of essential oils from Pogostemon cablin. Oil samples are prepared by hydrodistillation, with yields ranging from 0.73% to 2.02%. The two main components of the oil, patchouli alcohol and pogostone, were detected simultaneously in 36 samples and were found to have average contents of 43.07% and 7.84%, respectively. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision, stability, and accuracy. All calibration curves showed excellent linearity (r(2)>0.9992) within the test ranges, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values for intra- and inter-day precision were less than 1.5%, indicating a high degree of precision. The GC-FID chemical fingerprints of the 36 samples were established using 12 common peaks which account for over 90% of the total peak area. Chemometric techniques, including similarity analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, were also employed to explore the similarities and outstanding consistencies among different P. cablin oil samples. The results demonstrate that chromatographic fingerprinting and quantitative analysis can be achieved simultaneously when evaluating quality and authenticating samples of P. cablin.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Pogostone attenuates adipose tissue inflammation by regulating the adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk via activating SIRT1.

Autores: Dan Li, Ziwei Xing, Tingting Yu, Wei Dong, Zhiwei Wang, Cheng Peng, Chao Yang | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Adipose tissue inflammation is believed to be the most important contributor to obesity associated insulin resistance and related metabolic diseases. Pogostone (PO) is a major component of the essential oil from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth., which is used as a natural additive for food flavoring. Herein, we explored the therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms of PO against adipose tissue inflammation. In TNF-α-induced differentiated adipocytes, PO downregulated the phosphorylation of MAPKs and the NF-κB pathway by triggering the SIRT1 activation. In vitro, PO suppressed the migratory ability of macrophages to inflammatory adipocytes and reduced inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression in macrophages stimulated by conditioned media from differentiated adipocytes. Notably, the above effects are attributed to blocking of the MAPK and NF-κB signal activation by hampering the SIRT1 expression, as pre-treatment with an inhibitor of SIRT1-Ex527 on adipocytes abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of PO. Furthermore, PO mitigated the levels and expressions of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and epididymal adipose tissue of LPS induced mice, as well as increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and observably inhibited the cytokine and chemokine expression in adipose tissue. PO suppressed the phosphorylation of MAPK and NF-κB signals and promoted the SIRT1 expression in adipose tissue. In summary, our results demonstrate that PO ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation through activating SIRT1, which modulates the inflammatory pathway comprising MAPK and NF-κB signals and drives the beneficial reciprocal interactions between adipocytes and macrophages. Thus, our study suggests that PO may be a bioactive constituent for treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases by targeting adipose tissue inflammation.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

[Effects of 5-azacytidine on DNA methylation and index components in patchouliol-type Pogostemon cablin].

Autores: Ke-Ke Luo, Xiao-Hua Ou, Wen-Jing Deng, Xiao-Hua Liu, Meng-Ling He, Hong-Yi Zhang, Han-Jing Yan | Ano: 2021 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: This study aims to explore the relationship of DNA methylation with the contents of the index components as well as the growth and development of Pogostemon cablin. The demethylation reagent 5-azacytidine(5-azaC) was used to treat the tissue culture seedlings of patchouliol-type P. cablin. High performance liquid chromatography was employed to evaluate the changes of DNA methy-lation in P. cablin, and GC-MS to detect the contents of index components in P.cablin. The agronomic characters of P.cablin were measured using the common methods. The results showcased that DNA methylation of P.cablin was significantly reduced by 5-azaC in a concentration-dependent manner. Thirty days after treatment with 5-azaC at different concentrations, the content of patchouli alcohol changed slightly; compared with that in the control group, the content of pogostone in 50 μmol·L~(-1) and 100 μmol·L~(-1) 5-azaC groups was significantly up-regulated. The 100 μmol·L~(-1) 5-azaC group had the largest differences in contents of pogostone and patchouli alcohol compared with the control group, followed by the 50 μmol·L~(-1) 5-azaC group. Ninety days after disinhibition, the content of pogostone in the treatment group was significantly increased and the content of patchouli alcohol was significantly decreased. In addition, 5-azaC significantly inhibited the growth and development of P.cablin in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that DNA methylation regulates the biosynthesis of the index components in patchouliol-type P.cablin and proper demethylation can directly promote the synthesis of pogostone and indirectly affect the accumulation of patchouli alcohol.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Pogostone attenuates adipose tissue inflammation by regulating the adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk via activating SIRT1.

Autores: Dan Li, Ziwei Xing, Tingting Yu, Wei Dong, Zhiwei Wang, Cheng Peng, Chao Yang | Ano: 2022 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Adipose tissue inflammation is believed to be the most important contributor to obesity associated insulin resistance and related metabolic diseases. Pogostone (PO) is a major component of the essential oil from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth., which is used as a natural additive for food flavoring. Herein, we explored the therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms of PO against adipose tissue inflammation. In TNF-α-induced differentiated adipocytes, PO downregulated the phosphorylation of MAPKs and the NF-κB pathway by triggering the SIRT1 activation. In vitro, PO suppressed the migratory ability of macrophages to inflammatory adipocytes and reduced inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression in macrophages stimulated by conditioned media from differentiated adipocytes. Notably, the above effects are attributed to blocking of the MAPK and NF-κB signal activation by hampering the SIRT1 expression, as pre-treatment with an inhibitor of SIRT1-Ex527 on adipocytes abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of PO. Furthermore, PO mitigated the levels and expressions of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and epididymal adipose tissue of LPS induced mice, as well as increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and observably inhibited the cytokine and chemokine expression in adipose tissue. PO suppressed the phosphorylation of MAPK and NF-κB signals and promoted the SIRT1 expression in adipose tissue. In summary, our results demonstrate that PO ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation through activating SIRT1, which modulates the inflammatory pathway comprising MAPK and NF-κB signals and drives the beneficial reciprocal interactions between adipocytes and macrophages. Thus, our study suggests that PO may be a bioactive constituent for treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases by targeting adipose tissue inflammation.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Aging and/or tissue-specific regulation of patchoulol and pogostone in two Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. cultivars.

Autores: Puyue Ouyang, Yongliang Liu, Ying Wang, Xiaolu Mo, Shaohua Zeng | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. essential oil, patchoulol and pogostone are the two major bioactive phytochemicals while their in vivo biosynthesis remains largely unknown. In this study, seven genes of the plastidic methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway (MEP) and three genes of the cytoplasmic mevalonate pathway (MVA) in two cultivars, HN and YN, were isolated. Gene expression and phytochemical profiles across leaves and stems at different developmental stages of the two cultivars were evaluated using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Hierarchical analysis showed that the expression of MVA- and MEP-related genes was clustered similarly in the two cultivars. Phytochemical assay revealed that the contents of patchoulol in leaves and pogostone in stems were regulated in an aging-dependent manner. Pogostone was only detected in stems but not in leaves of the two cultivars. The Pearson correlation analysis suggested that several genes were presumably involved in the biosynthesis of patchoulol and pogostone. In the YN cultivar, the 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase and isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase 2 genes, and 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase were positively responsible for patchoulol and pogostone biosynthesis, respectively. In the HN cultivar, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase, and mevalonate kinase expression were positively associated with pogostone and patchoulol biosynthesis, respectively. The genes identified in this study are good candidates for the enhancement of patchoulol content in the leaves or pogostone content in the stems of P. cablin. Taken together, our results lay a solid foundation for better understanding of the mechanism underlying patchoulol and pogostone biosynthesis, which in turn may help to improve their content in P. cablin.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Rendimento e composição do óleo essencial de patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) conforme o tempo de extração/ Yield and composition of the patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil according to the extraction time

Autores: Costa, G. A; Carvalho Filho, J. L. S; Deschamps, C | Ano: 2013 | Database: LILACS

Resumo: O patchouli possui óleo essencial nas folhas com utilização principalmente na indústria de perfumaria. O objetivo foi avaliar o melhor tempo de extração de óleo essencial de folhas secas de patchouli. Os tratamentos foram 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 e 8 horas de extração, através do método de hidrodestilação, com aparelho graduado do tipo Clevenger e balões com capacidade de 2 L.O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. O material destilado foi seco à sombra até atingir aproximadamente 20% de umidade. Para cada tratamento, foram utilizadas amostras de 50 g de massa seca foliar. Foram avaliados o rendimento e a composição do óleo essencial. Não houve diferença entre os diferentes tempos de extração no rendimento de óleo essencial, podendo a extração do óleo essencial de patchouli ser realizada com uma hora de extração. O tempo de extração aumenta as porcentagens relativas do beta-guaieno (0,81%), beta-patchouleno (1,26%), alfa-selineno (1,37%), cariofileno (2,44%), alfa-patchouleno (3,08%) e gama-patchouleno (4,82%). O teor de pogostol (5,11%) reduz com o aumento do tempo de extração. O patchoulol, alfa-guaieno, alfa-bulneseno e seicheleno não sofrem influencia do tempo de extração.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Toxicity and repellency of patchouli oil and patchouli alcohol against Formosan subterranean termites Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).

Autores: Betty C-R Zhu, Gregg Henderson, Ying Yu, Roger A Laine | Ano: 2003 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Patchouli oil obtained from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth and its main constituent, patchouli alcohol, were tested for their repellency and toxicity against Formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki). Both were found to be toxic and repellent. Unusual tissue destruction was noted inside the exoskeleton of the termite after patchouli alcohol was topically applied to the dorsum.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Toxicity and repellency of patchouli oil and patchouli alcohol against Formosan subterranean termites Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).

Autores: Betty C-R Zhu, Gregg Henderson, Ying Yu, Roger A Laine | Ano: 2003 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Patchouli oil obtained from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth and its main constituent, patchouli alcohol, were tested for their repellency and toxicity against Formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki). Both were found to be toxic and repellent. Unusual tissue destruction was noted inside the exoskeleton of the termite after patchouli alcohol was topically applied to the dorsum.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

"Singing in the Tube"--audiovisual assay of plant oil repellent activity against mosquitoes (Culex pipiens).

Autores: Temitope F Adams, Chatchawal Wongchai, Anchalee Chaidee, Wolfgang Pfeiffer | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Plant essential oils have been suggested as a promising alternative to the established mosquito repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide). Searching for an assay with generally available equipment, we designed a new audiovisual assay of repellent activity against mosquitoes "Singing in the Tube," testing single mosquitoes in Drosophila cultivation tubes. Statistics with regression analysis should compensate for limitations of simple hardware. The assay was established with female Culex pipiens mosquitoes in 60 experiments, 120-h audio recording, and 2580 estimations of the distance between mosquito sitting position and the chemical. Correlations between parameters of sitting position, flight activity pattern, and flight tone spectrum were analyzed. Regression analysis of psycho-acoustic data of audio files (dB[A]) used a squared and modified sinus function determining wing beat frequency WBF ± SD (357 ± 47 Hz). Application of logistic regression defined the repelling velocity constant. The repelling velocity constant showed a decreasing order of efficiency of plant essential oils: rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), lemon (Citrus limon), patchouli (Pogostemon cablin), DEET, cedar wood (Cedrus atlantica). In conclusion, we suggest (1) disease vector control (e.g., impregnation of bed nets) by eight plant essential oils with repelling velocity superior to DEET, (2) simple mosquito repellency testing in Drosophila cultivation tubes, (3) automated approaches and room surveillance by generally available audio equipment (dB[A]: ISO standard 226), and (4) quantification of repellent activity by parameters of the audiovisual assay defined by correlation and regression analyses.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Sedative effects of inhaled essential oil components of traditional fragrance Pogostemon cablin leaves and their structure-activity relationships.

Autores: Ken Ito, Yasuko Akahoshi, Michiho Ito, Shuji Kaneko | Ano: 2016 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Plants rich in essential oils, such as Pogostemon cablin (P. cablin; guǎng huò xiāng), have been used for aromas and as herbal medicines since ancient times because of their sedative effects. We investigated the sedative effects of hexane extract from P. cablin using locomotor activity in mice. Inhalation of P. cablin hexane extract exhibited significant sedative activity in a dose-dependent manner. In order to isolate the active constituents, the extract was fractionated and diacetone alcohol was identified as an active compound. Inhalation of diacetone alcohol significantly reduced murine locomotor activity in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was not observed in olfaction-impaired mice. We examined the structure-activity relationship of diacetone alcohol and similar compounds. The ketone group at the two-position and number of carbons may play important roles in the sedative activity of diacetone alcohol.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Selective separation of patchouli alcohol from the essential oil of Cablin potchouli by inclusion crystalline method.

Autores: Jian Tong, Lei Yuan, Fang Guo, Zhong-Hua Wang, Lan Jin, Wen-Sheng Guo | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In this article, we have focused on the application of non-traditional separation approach, the host-guest inclusion method, into the separation of the active component patchouli alcohol from the essential oil of Cablin potchouli Herb. The host molecule 1,1,6,6-tetraphenylhexa-2,4-diyne-1,6-diol (A) was used to selectively recognise the guest molecule patchouli alcohol (B) in the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth through two strong hydrogen bonding. The inclusion compound was structurally determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction. The separation effect was examined by gas chromatography for the whole essential oil and the inclusion compound, showing that the inclusion crystalline method is simple, rapid and effective for the separation of patchouli alcohol from the essential oil of C. potchouli Herb.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Selective separation of patchouli alcohol from the essential oil of Cablin potchouli by inclusion crystalline method.

Autores: Jian Tong, Lei Yuan, Fang Guo, Zhong-Hua Wang, Lan Jin, Wen-Sheng Guo | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: In this article, we have focused on the application of non-traditional separation approach, the host-guest inclusion method, into the separation of the active component patchouli alcohol from the essential oil of Cablin potchouli Herb. The host molecule 1,1,6,6-tetraphenylhexa-2,4-diyne-1,6-diol (A) was used to selectively recognise the guest molecule patchouli alcohol (B) in the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth through two strong hydrogen bonding. The inclusion compound was structurally determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction. The separation effect was examined by gas chromatography for the whole essential oil and the inclusion compound, showing that the inclusion crystalline method is simple, rapid and effective for the separation of patchouli alcohol from the essential oil of C. potchouli Herb.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Synthesis of pogostone by one-step.

Autores: Han-Bin Chen, Jiang-Tao Zhou, Yu-Hong Liu, Zhen-Biao Zhang, Ya-Xian Zhan, Zi-Ren Su, Hui-Fang Zeng | Ano: 2017 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostone, isolated from Pogostemon cablin, has many biological activities such as potential antibacterial, anticandida, and antifungal. Traditional extraction leads to low output of PO about 17.6 mg/kg from Herba Pogostemonis. The previous literature had reported a synthetic study and the yield had reached 4.48% with strictly controlled reaction conditions. The two methods above cannot meet the large demand of PO; we report a new synthesis method. 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone (1) was added in toluene, with the existence of acylation catalyst 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), 4-methylvaleric acid (2), and condensing agent dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), PO was synthesized after the combination of 3-carbon of (1) with 1-OH of (2) in the acylation reaction. The purity had reached 98%, determined by HPLC. The structure was confirmed by spectroscopic methods including infrared, electron ionization mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PO was totally synthesized in one step including cyclization, with total yield of 27.2%.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Synthesis of pogostone by one-step.

Autores: Han-Bin Chen, Jiang-Tao Zhou, Yu-Hong Liu, Zhen-Biao Zhang, Ya-Xian Zhan, Zi-Ren Su, Hui-Fang Zeng | Ano: 2017 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostone, isolated from Pogostemon cablin, has many biological activities such as potential antibacterial, anticandida, and antifungal. Traditional extraction leads to low output of PO about 17.6 mg/kg from Herba Pogostemonis. The previous literature had reported a synthetic study and the yield had reached 4.48% with strictly controlled reaction conditions. The two methods above cannot meet the large demand of PO; we report a new synthesis method. 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone (1) was added in toluene, with the existence of acylation catalyst 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), 4-methylvaleric acid (2), and condensing agent dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), PO was synthesized after the combination of 3-carbon of (1) with 1-OH of (2) in the acylation reaction. The purity had reached 98%, determined by HPLC. The structure was confirmed by spectroscopic methods including infrared, electron ionization mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PO was totally synthesized in one step including cyclization, with total yield of 27.2%.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Determination of patchoulic alcohol in Herba Pogostemonis by GC-MS-MS.

Autores: Zhongzhen Zhao, Jia Lu, Kelvin Leung, Chi Leung Chan, Zhi-Hong Jiang | Ano: 2005 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Patchoulic oil, the volatile oil of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. and the Chinese crude drug Herba Pogostemonis, is widely used in the cosmetic and oral hygiene industries. Patchoulic alcohol is commonly used as an indicator for the quality assessment of dried P. cablin. However, the complexity of the herbal constituents makes it difficult for using conventional gas chromatography (GC) for analytical purpose. The present study established an accurate, sensitive and reproducible method for the quality assessment of the dried patchouli herb based on patchoulic alcohol content. A gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) method has been successfully developed and demonstrated for the determination of patchoulic alcohol content in the samples of dried P. cablin. The developed method was found to be convenient and facile in particular to tackle the complicated matrix problems always encountered in the herbs which contain high level of essential oils.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Evaluation of the toxicity of 17 essential oils against Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Autores: Cristina M Machial, Ikkei Shikano, Michael Smirle, Roderick Bradbury, Murray B Isman | Ano: 2010 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana Harris, and the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni Hübner, are serious fruit and vegetable pests requiring multiple insecticide applications per year. To reduce non-target exposure to hazardous insecticides and to curb resistance development, alternative controls are required. Accordingly, a selection of 17 essential oils was screened against both lepidopteran pests, and the influence of azinphos-methyl resistance on essential oil toxicity to C. rosaceana was studied.

Resultados: Of the 17 essential oils screened, patchouli oil (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) and thyme oil (Thymus vulgaris L.) were selected for further testing against C. rosaceana, whereas patchouli oil, garlic oil (Allium sativum L.) and lemongrass oil (Cymopogon nardus L.) were selected for further testing against T. ni. LC(50) and LD(50) values confirmed that patchouli oil was the most toxic to C. rosaceana larvae, with LC(50) = 2.8 µL mL(-1) and LD(50) = 8.0 µg insect(-1). Garlic oil was the most toxic oil to T. ni larvae with LC(50) = 3.3 µL mL(-1) and LD(50) = 22.7 µg insect(-1), followed by patchouli oil and lemongrass oil. Azinphos-methyl-resistant leafrollers were 1.5-fold more tolerant to patchouli oil and 2.0-fold more tolerant to thyme oil.

Conclusão: N/A

Larvicidal and pupicidal evaluation of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Aquilaria sinensis and Pogostemon cablin essential oils against dengue and zika viruses vector Aedes albopictus mosquito and its histopathological analysis.

Autores: Hassan Ga'al, Hatem Fouad, Guofeng Mao, Jiaxin Tian, Mo Jianchu | Ano: 2018 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Mosquitoes pose a threat to humans and animals, causing millions of deaths every year. Vector control by effective eco-friendly pesticides of natural origin is a serious issue that requires urgent attention. The employment of green-reducing extracts for nanoparticles biosynthesis in a rapid and single-step process represents a promising strategy. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biofabricated using an essential oil of Aquilaria sinensis (AsEO) and Pogostemonis Herba essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (PcEO) in one step and cost-effective manner. UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to confirm the AgNPs formation and their biophysical characterization. The larvicidal and pupicidal toxicity of AsEO, PcEO and biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated against larvae and pupae of the dengue and Zika virus vector Aedes albopictus. Compared to the tested essential oils, the biofabricated AgNPs showed the highest toxicity against larvae and pupae of Ae.albopictus. In particular, the LC50 values of AsEO ranged from 44.23 (I) to 166 (pupae), LC50 values of PcEO ranged from 32.49 (I) to 90.05(IV), LC50 values of AsEO-AgNPs from 0.81 (I) to 1.12 (IV) and LC50 values of PcEO-AgPNs from 0.85 (I) to 1.19 (IV). Furthermore, histological analysis of the midgut cells of the control and treated larvae exhibited that the epithelial cells and brush border were highly affected by the fabricated AgNPs compared to the essential oils (AsEO and PcEO). Overall, the A. sinensis and P. cablin essential oils fabricated AgNPs have a potential of application as a biopesticide for mosquito control through safer and cost-effective approach.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Evaluation of Contact Toxicity and Repellency of the Essential Oil of Pogostemon cablin Leaves and Its Constituents Against Blattella germanica (Blattodae: Blattelidae).

Autores: Xin Chao Liu, Qiyong Liu, Han Chen, Qi Zhi Liu, Shi Yao Jiang, Zhi Long Liu | Ano: 2015 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The aim of this research was to evaluate contact toxicity and repellency of the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Bentham leaves against German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) (L.) and to isolate any active constituents. Essential oil of P. cablin leaves was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty-three components were identified in the essential oil, and the main constituents were patchoulol (41.31%), pogostone (18.06%), α-bulnesene (6.56%), caryophyllene (5.96%), and seychellene (4.32%). Bioactivity-directed chromatographic separation of the essential oil led to the isolation of pogostone, patchoulol, and caryophyllene as active compounds. The essential oil of P. cablin leaves exhibited acute toxicity against male B. germanica adults with an LC50 value of 23.45 μg per adult. The constituent compound, pogostone (LC50 = 8.51 μg per adult) showed stronger acute toxicity than patchoulol (LC50 = 207.62 μg per adult) and caryophyllene (LC50 = 339.90 μg per adult) against the male German cockroaches. The essential oil of P. cablin leaves and the three isolated constituents exhibited strong repellent activity against German cockroaches at a concentration of 5 ppm. The results indicated that the essential oil of P. cablin leaves and its major constituents have good potential as a source for natural insecticides and repellents.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Patchouli oil ameliorates acute colitis: A targeted metabolite analysis of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced rats.

Autores: Xiuting Yu, Guanghua Yang, Hua Jiang, Shuhai Lin, Yuhong Liu, Xie Zhang, Huifang Zeng, Ziren Su, Song Huang, Linlin Shen, Xiaojun Zhang | Ano: 2017 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic, relapsing intestinal inflammation, has continually increased in recent years. A previous study by our group identified five potential metabolic markers possibly associated with the pathology of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced IBD in rats. The present study aimed to examine the potential therapeutic effects of the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (also known as patchouli; PO) on TNBS-induced rats and investigate the concomitant metabolic changes by targeting the previously identified potential markers. Pogostemon cablin is widely used to treat gastrointestinal diseases, including IBD, in China. The results of the present study showed that PO (270 mg/kg, rectal instillation) significantly alleviated colonic damage and reduced disease activity indicators and colonic myeloperoxidase in TNBS-induced rats. In addition, a targeted metabolic profiling study identified that four metabolites were elevated in the urine of the animals in the TNBS group, which were significantly inhibited by treatment with PO: Two tryptophan metabolites [4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoic acid and 4,6-cihydroxyquinoline] and two gut microbial metabolites (phenylacetylglycine and p-cresol glucuronide). Taken together, these findings suggested that PO ameliorated the symptoms of TNBS-induced IBD and reversed the metabolic changes potentially associated with TNBS-induced IBD in rats.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Analysis of Pogostemon cablin from pharmaceutical research to market performances.

Autores: Meiwan Chen, Jinming Zhang, Yunfeng Lai, Shengpeng Wang, Peng Li, Jian Xiao, Chaomei Fu, Hao Hu, Yitao Wang | Ano: 2013 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Pogostemon cablin (P. cablin), called Ciruicao or Guanghuoxiang, is a well-known Chinese materia medica in southeast Asia that is widely used in gastrointestinal disease and exterior syndromes, being confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo studies. To exploit this traditional medicine that adequately fits modern drugs, however, a comprehensive review about its pharmacy research and market performance is extremely necessary.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A

Characteristic Changes in the Aroma Profile of Patchouli Depending on Manufacturing Process.

Autores: Toshio Hasegawa, Kazuma Yoshitome, Takashi Fujihara, Mardi Santoso, Muhammad Abdul Aziz | Ano: 2017 | Database: pubmed

Resumo: Patchouli is used as an incense material and essential oil. The characteristic odor of patchouli leaves results from the drying process used in their production; however, there have to date been no reports on the changes in the odor of patchouli leaves during the drying process. We investigated the aroma profile of dried patchouli leaves using the hexane extracts of fresh and dried patchouli leaves. We focused on the presence or absence of the constituents of the fresh and dried extracts, and the differences in the content of the common constituents. Fourteen constituents were identified as characteristic of dried patchouli extract odor by gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis. The structures of seven of the 14 constituents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (α-patchoulene, seychellene, humulene, α-bulnesene, isoaromadendrene epoxide, caryophyllene oxide, and patchouli alcohol). The aroma profile of the essential oil obtained from the dried patchouli leaves was clearly different from that of dried patchouli. The aroma profile of the essential oil was investigated by a similar method. We identified 12 compounds as important odor constituents. The structures of nine of the 12 constituents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (cis-thujopsene, caryophyllene, α-guaiene, α-patchoulene, seychellene, α-bulnesene, isoaromadendrene epoxide, patchouli alcohol, and corymbolone). Comparing the odors and constituents demonstrated that the aroma profile of patchouli depends on the manufacturing process.

Resultados: N/A

Conclusão: N/A